Here's an insight into the word I think is probably the most difficult to find an appropriate gloss for.
In the first 63% of the Bible that I have read in Hebrew and written in English, here is an analysis of my glosses for the notorious נפשׁ, nun-peh-shin, nephesh. I have encountered the word 505 times (so far). There are several hundred more to go.
In the first 63% of the Bible that I have read in Hebrew and written in English, here is an analysis of my glosses for the notorious נפשׁ, nun-peh-shin, nephesh. I have encountered the word 505 times (so far). There are several hundred more to go.
It occurs in several different forms: with preposition such as בנפשׁ or לנפשׁ or with definite article הנפשׁ or with a pronoun suffix like נפשׁך or with combinations of enclitics e.g. בנפשׁך, לנפשׁתיכם.
The individual gloss is determined by what I had for breakfast, what side of the bed I got out of and whether I am still tired or not. Just kidding. The one gloss I refuse is soul, not because it is not a lovely word, but it is a falsely read word. Soul is a lovely word. If we take its meaning from what is written here, is encompasses the whole human being, its time, its relationships in groups of other beings, its sensual capacity, its breathing (throat), its dead state (cadaver), singular and plural and corporate and so on. It is clearly not disembodied.
So it would be OK to use the word soul as long as I put an explanation for every one of its many hundreds of uses. Instead I have used a variety of glosses only one of which is overlapped with another Hebrew stem. That one is being, which is also used with היה. I did not allow the stem to overlap with חיה (life) though that might have been useful. I felt that would be also confusing two significantly different connotations. I did allow an overlap with will also. This doesn't get noted in my algorithms since I do not control the usage of helping verbs and grammatical tenses in the software. Too bad - but one could spend several lifetimes in text processing and many have.
So it would be OK to use the word soul as long as I put an explanation for every one of its many hundreds of uses. Instead I have used a variety of glosses only one of which is overlapped with another Hebrew stem. That one is being, which is also used with היה. I did not allow the stem to overlap with חיה (life) though that might have been useful. I felt that would be also confusing two significantly different connotations. I did allow an overlap with will also. This doesn't get noted in my algorithms since I do not control the usage of helping verbs and grammatical tenses in the software. Too bad - but one could spend several lifetimes in text processing and many have.
Here is a sample of the first set for בנפשׁ. It is in the Bible 17 times (not shown) of which I have read 11. I have rendered it 9 different ways so far.
נפשׁ | 505 |
בנפשׁ against the very self
| 11 | 1 |
by throat
| 1 | |||
for integrity
| 1 | |||
in being
| 2 | |||
in the being
| 1 | |||
into the throat of
| 1 | |||
into the will of
| 1 | |||
selfish
| 2 | |||
to the throat of
| 1 |
This next combination I have encountered only once so far, but if I encounter it again, the computer will suggest this rendering tough I may or may not use it depending on the other aspects of the phrase and sentence it is in.
נפשׁ | 505 |
בנפשׁך that you
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
בנפשׁם to their being
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁנו ourselves
| 1 | 1 | |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁתם against themselves
| 1 | 1 |
Here are a few more.
נפשׁ | 505 |
בנפשׁו against himself
| 7 | 1 |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁו against itself
| 7 | 2 | |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁו by his integrity
| 7 | 2 | |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁו in its integrity
| 7 | 2 |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁותיכם in your integrity
| 1 | 1 | |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁי on myself
| 2 | 1 | |
נפשׁ |
בנפשׁי within me
| 2 | 1 |
As I progress further, I will also work backward further, depending on where the automation takes me and what I note on the screens I use. Integrity may be worked into some completed chapters, but being is still acceptable now and in the future. These are some of the compromises I have to manage.
Hear are the 16 so far that have the definite article ה, without any other enclitics. (There is only one other in the rest of the list under the vav at the bottom of the post. You can find it by searching for הנ)
נפשׁ | 505 |
הנפשׁ being
| 16 | 3 |
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ cadaver
| 1 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ group
| 4 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ integrity
| 1 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ that throat
| 1 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ the being
| 1 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ the group
| 2 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ the integrity
| 2 | ||
נפשׁ |
הנפשׁ the self
| 1 |
Here is the one line summary for נפשׁ. The first one is for Esau's household. This gloss is essentially untranslated. Along with 6 others I have left untranslated.
נפשׁ -hold(1), being - being(1), being(185), beings(8), cadaver(12), group(9), groups together(1), integrity(49), now being(1), now(1), o being(10), own self(1), own(3), regroup(1), regrouped(1), self(32), self-(1), selfish(2), selves(2), someone(2), such selves(1), throat(24), untranslated(6), very self(22), very selves(3)
And here are all the rest with their Hebrew words (so far) - note that the most common is נפשׁי at 142 times. The 88 my being may find themselves changed in a few places. A quick scan doesn't raise any other red flags for me at the moment.
It is interesting that my translation may create hapax legomena in the English where there is not one in the Hebrew. I wonder if that reveals the mind of the translator or what he ate for supper.
נפשׁ | 505 |
כנפשׁך as your own self
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁ from a cadaver
| 8 | 4 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁ to integrity
| 8 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁ to self
| 8 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁ to the being
| 8 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁך for your throat
| 5 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁך to your being
| 5 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁך to your integrity
| 5 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁם for themselves
| 4 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁם to them
| 4 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁתם themselves
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁתיכם for your integrity
| 3 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁו in it
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי for me
| 10 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי for my being
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי my being
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי of me
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי of my being
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי that is mine
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי to me
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
לנפשׁי to my being
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ a being
| 86 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ a cadaver
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ a group
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ a group of
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ a self
| 86 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ any being
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ being
| 86 | 11 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ beings
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ cadaver
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ groups together
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ he
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ him
| 86 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ integrity
| 86 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ is the being of
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ of them
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ of you
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ one
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ self
| 86 | 7 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ someone
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the being
| 86 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the being of
| 86 | 4 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the integrity of
| 86 | 10 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the self
| 86 | 4 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the self that
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the throat
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ the throat of
| 86 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ themselves
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ those
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ throat
| 86 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ what it is to be
| 86 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁ you
| 86 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁה her being
| 3 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁה her throat
| 3 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁך you
| 47 | 8 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁך your being
| 47 | 32 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁך your integrity
| 47 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁך your self
| 47 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁך your very self
| 47 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁך yourself
| 47 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁכם your being
| 9 | 36 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁכם your integrity
| 9 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁכם your self
| 9 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁכם your selves
| 9 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁכם your very self
| 9 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם for themselves
| 26 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם their being
| 26 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם their beings
| 26 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם their cadaver
| 26 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם their integrity
| 26 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם their self-
| 26 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם their very selves
| 26 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם them
| 26 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁם themselves
| 26 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁנו our being
| 10 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁנו our being is
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁנו ours he is
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁנו ourselves
| 10 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁנו us
| 10 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁנו we
| 10 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁת their
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁתכם your integrity
| 1 | 7 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁתיכם yourselves
| 13 | 13 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו for it
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו he
| 60 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו he was
| 60 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו him
| 60 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו himself
| 60 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו his
| 60 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו his integrity
| 60 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו his throat
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו his very self
| 60 | 9 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו integrity
| 60 | 7 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו is his being
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו its
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו its being
| 60 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו its integrity
| 60 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו its own
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו its throat
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו its very self
| 60 | 7 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו itself
| 60 | 9 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו now he
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו their being
| 60 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו their own
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁו to him
| 60 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁות beings
| 3 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁות the beings of
| 3 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁות those who
| 3 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁותינו ourselves
| 1 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי I
| 142 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי I am
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי O my being
| 142 | 10 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי being - my being
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי is my being
| 142 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי me
| 142 | 17 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי my
| 142 | 6 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי my being
| 142 | 88 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי my integrity
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי my self
| 142 | 5 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי my throat
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי my very self
| 142 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי myself
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי now my being is
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי own
| 142 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׁי that is mine
| 142 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
נפשׂות such selves
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ובנפשׁי and in my being
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
והנפשׁ but the self
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ and a self
| 12 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ and the being of
| 12 | 4 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ and the integrity of
| 12 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ and the one who is
| 12 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ but self
| 12 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ but the throat of
| 12 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁ but to a self
| 12 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁו and his being
| 6 | 2 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁו and its integrity
| 6 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁו and its very self
| 6 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁו but his being
| 6 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁו but it
| 6 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁות and
| 1 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁי and my being
| 5 | 3 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁי and myself
| 5 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
ונפשׁי as my self
| 5 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
וינפשׁ and regrouped
| 2 | 1 |
נפשׁ | 505 |
וינפשׁ and will regroup
| 2 | 1 |
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