Saturday 29 December 2018

In case you were wondering about the rivers

Continuing the prior post. (I was mildly suprised that this query from the database actually worked.)
יאר is also rendered as canal in Daniel.
Where to find the rivers of the Old Testament
פישׁון is PishonGen 2:11 ,
גיחון is GihonGen 2:13 ,
חדקל HidkelGen 2:14 ,
פרת EuphratesGen 2:14 ,
הירדן the JordanGen 13:10 , Gen 13:11 ,
פרת EuphratesGen 15:18 ,
הירדן JordanGen 32:11 ,
יבק JabboqGen 32:23 ,
היאר the NileGen 41:1 , Gen 41:2 , Gen 41:3 , Gen 41:17 , Gen 41:18 ,
הירדן the JordanGen 50:10 , Gen 50:11 ,
היאר the NileExo 2:3 , Exo 2:5 , Exo 4:9 , Exo 7:15 ,
ביאר are in the NileExo 7:17 ,
ביאר in the NileExo 7:18 ,
היאר the NileExo 7:18 ,
ביאר were in the NileExo 7:20 ,
ביאר in the NileExo 7:21 ,
היאר the NileExo 7:21 , Exo 7:24 , Exo 7:25 , Exo 7:28 ,
ביאר in the NileExo 8:5 , Exo 8:7 ,
היאר the NileExo 17:5 ,
הירדן the JordanNum 13:29 ,
זרד ZeredNum 21:12 , Num 21:13 ,
ארנון ArnonNum 21:14 ,
מארנן from ArnonNum 21:24 ,
יבק JabboqNum 21:24 ,
ארנן ArnonNum 21:26 , Num 21:28 ,
לירדן JordanNum 22:1 ,
ארנן ArnonNum 22:36 ,
ירדן the JordanNum 26:3 , Num 26:63 , Num 31:12 ,
הירדן the JordanNum 32:5 , Num 32:19 ,
לירדן the JordanNum 32:19 ,
הירדן the JordanNum 32:21 , Num 32:29 ,
לירדן the JordanNum 32:32 ,
ירדן the JordanNum 33:48 ,
הירדן the JordanNum 33:49 ,
ירדן the JordanNum 33:50 ,
הירדן JordanNum 33:51 ,
הירדנה the JordanNum 34:12 ,
לירדן JordanNum 34:15 ,
ירדן the JordanNum 35:1 ,
הירדן JordanNum 35:10 ,
לירדן JordanNum 35:14 ,
ירדן the JordanNum 36:13 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 1:1 , Deu 1:5 ,
פרת EuphratesDeu 1:7 , Deu 2:13 , Deu 2:14 ,
ארנן ArnonDeu 2:24 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 2:29 ,
ארנן ArnonDeu 2:36 ,
יבק JabboqDeu 2:37 ,
ארנן ArnonDeu 3:8 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 3:8 ,
ארנן ArnonDeu 3:12 , Deu 3:16 ,
יבק JabboqDeu 3:16 ,
והירדן and the JordanDeu 3:17 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 3:20 , Deu 3:25 ,
הירדן JordanDeu 3:27 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 4:21 , Deu 4:22 , Deu 4:26 , Deu 4:41 , Deu 4:46 , Deu 4:47 ,
ארנן ArnonDeu 4:48 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 4:49 , Deu 9:1 ,
פרת EuphratesDeu 11:24 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 11:30 , Deu 11:31 , Deu 12:10 , Deu 27:2 , Deu 27:4 , Deu 27:12 , Deu 30:18 ,
הירדן JordanDeu 31:2 ,
הירדן the JordanDeu 31:13 , Deu 32:47 ,
הירדן JordanJos 1:2 ,
פרת EuphratesJos 1:4 ,
הירדן JordanJos 1:11 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 1:14 , Jos 1:15 , Jos 2:7 , Jos 2:10 , Jos 3:1 ,
בירדן in the JordanJos 3:8 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 3:8 ,
בירדן in the JordanJos 3:11 , Jos 3:13 , Jos 3:14 , Jos 3:15 ,
והירדן and the JordanJos 3:15 , Jos 3:17 , Jos 4:1 , Jos 4:3 , Jos 4:5 ,
בירדן the JordanJos 4:7 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 4:7 , Jos 4:8 , Jos 4:9 , Jos 4:10 , Jos 4:16 , Jos 4:17 , Jos 4:18 , Jos 4:19 , Jos 4:20 ,
הירדן JordanJos 4:22 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 4:23 , Jos 5:1 , Jos 7:7 , Jos 9:1 , Jos 9:10 ,
ארנון the ArnonJos 12:1 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 12:1 ,
ארנון the ArnonJos 12:2 ,
יבק JabboqJos 12:2 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 12:7 , Jos 13:8 ,
ארנון the ArnonJos 13:9 , Jos 13:16 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 13:23 , Jos 13:27 ,
לירדן JordanJos 13:32 , Jos 14:3 , Jos 15:5 ,
מירדן from Jordan byJos 16:1 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 16:7 ,
לירדן JordanJos 17:5 , Jos 18:7 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 18:12 , Jos 18:19 ,
והירדן and the JordanJos 18:20 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 19:22 , Jos 19:33 , Jos 19:34 ,
לירדן JordanJos 20:8 ,
הירדן the JordanJos 22:4 , Jos 22:7 , Jos 22:10 , Jos 22:11 , Jos 22:25 , Jos 23:4 , Jos 24:8 , Jos 24:11 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 3:28 ,
קישׁון KishonJudges 4:7 , Judges 4:13 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 5:17 , Judges 5:21 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 7:24 ,
לירדן JordanJudges 7:25 ,
הירדנה to the JordanJudges 8:4 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 10:8 ,
הירדן JordanJudges 10:9 ,
מארנון from the ArnonJudges 11:13 ,
היבק the JabboqJudges 11:13 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 11:13 , Judges 11:18 ,
מארנון from the ArnonJudges 11:22 ,
היבק the JabboqJudges 11:22 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 11:22 ,
ארנון the ArnonJudges 11:26 ,
הירדן the JordanJudges 12:5 , Judges 12:6 ,
הירדן the Jordan1Sa 13:7 , 1Sa 31:7 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Sa 2:29 ,
פרת Euphrates2Sa 8:3 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Sa 10:17 ,
קדרון Kidron2Sa 15:23 ,
הירדן Jordan2Sa 17:22 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Sa 17:22 ,
הירדן Jordan2Sa 17:24 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Sa 19:16 , 2Sa 19:18 ,
בירדן the Jordan2Sa 19:19 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Sa 19:32 ,
הירדן Jordan2Sa 19:37 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Sa 19:40 , 2Sa 19:42 , 2Sa 20:2 , 2Sa 24:5 ,
גחון Gihon1Kings 1:33 , 1Kings 1:38 ,
בגחון in Gihon1Kings 1:45 ,
הירדן at the Jordan1Kings 2:8 ,
קדרון the Kidron1Kings 2:37 ,
הירדן the Jordan1Kings 7:46 ,
קדרון Kidron1Kings 15:13 ,
הירדן the Jordan1Kings 17:3 , 1Kings 17:5 ,
קישׁון Kishon1Kings 18:40 ,
הירדנה to the Jordan2Kings 2:6 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Kings 2:7 , 2Kings 2:13 ,
בירדן in the Jordan2Kings 5:10 ,
אמנה Amana2Kings 5:12 ,
ופרפר and Pharpar2Kings 5:12 ,
בירדן in the Jordan2Kings 5:14 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Kings 6:2 ,
הירדנה to the Jordan2Kings 6:4 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Kings 7:15 ,
ארנן Arnon2Kings 10:33 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Kings 10:33 ,
קדרון Kidron2Kings 23:4 , 2Kings 23:6 ,
קדרון the Kidron2Kings 23:6 , 2Kings 23:12 ,
פרת Euphrates2Kings 23:29 , 2Kings 24:7 ,
הירדן the JordanIsa 8:23 ,
לארנון of the ArnonIsa 16:2 , Isa 19:7 ,
ביאור into the NileIsa 19:8 ,
יאור the NileIsa 23:3 ,
כיאר as the NileIsa 23:10 ,
הירדן the JordanJer 12:5 ,
פרתה the EuphratesJer 13:4 ,
בפרת at the EuphratesJer 13:5 ,
פרתה the EuphratesJer 13:6 , Jer 13:7 ,
קדרון the KidronJer 31:40 ,
פרת EuphratesJer 46:2 , Jer 46:6 ,
כיאר as the NileJer 46:7 , Jer 46:8 ,
פרת EuphratesJer 46:10 ,
בארנון in ArnonJer 48:20 ,
הירדן the JordanJer 49:19 , Jer 50:44 ,
פרת the EuphratesJer 51:63 ,
כבר KebarEze 1:1 , Eze 1:3 , Eze 3:15 , Eze 3:23 , Eze 10:15 , Eze 10:20 , Eze 10:22 ,
יארי NileEze 29:3 ,
יאריו his NileEze 29:3 ,
יאריך your NileEze 29:4 , Eze 29:5 ,
יאר the NileEze 29:9 ,
יאריך your NileEze 29:10 ,
יארים the NileEze 30:12 ,
כבר KebarEze 43:3 ,
הירדן the JordanEze 47:18 ,
כאר as the NileAmo 8:8 ,
כיאור as the Nile ofAmo 8:8 ,
כיאר as the NileAmo 9:5 ,
כיאר as the Nile ofAmo 9:5 ,
יאר the NileZec 10:11 ,
הירדן the JordanZec 11:3 ,
ירדן JordanPsa 42:7 ,
קישׁון KishonPsa 83:10 ,
הירדן the JordanPsa 114:3 ,
הירדן JordanPsa 114:5 ,
ירדן JordanJob 40:23 ,
אמנה AmanaSong 4:8 ,
אולי UlaiDan 8:2 , Dan 8:16 ,
חדקל HidkelDan 10:4 ,
אהוא AhavaEzr 8:15 , Ezr 8:21 , Ezr 8:31 ,
פרת Euphrates1Ch 5:9 ,
הירדן the Jordan1Ch 6:63 ,
לירדן Jordan1Ch 6:63 ,
הירדן the Jordan1Ch 12:16 ,
לירדן Jordan1Ch 12:38 ,
פרת Euphrates1Ch 18:3 ,
הירדן the Jordan1Ch 19:17 ,
לירדן Jordan1Ch 26:30 ,
הירדן the Jordan2Ch 4:17 ,
קדרון Kidron2Ch 15:16 , 2Ch 29:16 , 2Ch 30:14 ,
גיחון Gihon2Ch 32:30 ,
לגיחון to the Gihon2Ch 33:14 ,
פרת the Euphrates2Ch 35:20 ,

Thursday 27 December 2018

Translation of Names

25% of the words in the Bible I have classified as names. Names of peoples, locations, persons, God, rivers, feasts, stars, species, signs, mountains, months, and even sticks.

Sticks? Only in Zechariah 11:7 and 10. And I will tend the flock of the slain indeed, O poor of the flock,and I will take to me two sticks, the one I called Pleasure and the other I called Pledges, and I will tend the flock.

Stars: Orion, the Pleiades, and the Great Bear - all mentioned in Job. Sign: only the writing on the wall. Rivers: which of these can you identify?

Eden is a word of interest. It is used 20 times as a named location, 13 times as the Aramaic for time, twice as a time based adverb yet. (Qohelet 4:2, 3), twice for a specialty food (Gen 49:20, Lam 4:5), and 9 times for enthrall.

They will be saturated from the fatness of your house,
and the torrents of your enthrallment they will drink. (Psalms 36:9)

Names require a lifetime of study and touch on the primal use of our languages. We are the Adam whose job it is to name things.

Naming is a mandatory component of science. What geometry would we know without the named parts of a right angled triangle? What arithmetic without named numerals? What medicine without named parts of the body? And what cures for cancer without named structures within the cellular crowds of our internals? So in a sense, every word is a name!

But to come back to the names of peoples, persons, and locations, Some are opaque to us, and some may be made easier to hear if we translate rather than transcribe them. My work is somewhat capricious in this area. With 1,577 distinct personal names used 16,279 times, a translation of every name would be as tedious to the reader as a consistent transcription. So the somewhat random variations may keep us on our toes.

Tuesday 25 December 2018

Stems that refuse to be bound by my rules

There are (besides prepositions and conjunctions) several common words that refused to allow me a 1 to 1 or 1 to many mapping from Hebrew to English.

I rendered Psalm 95:1 this way.
Walk! Let us shout aloud to Yahweh.

Isn't that a bit odd? I left it that way to illustrate the problem of common verbs describing motion, go, come, walk, bring and variations. I have allowed some overlap between English glosses and Hebrew stems for this class of common words. Otherwise everything would tend to a little too much foreignness in the English reading. (I do think some foreignness is necessary to avoid the problem of too much familiarity.)

One such pair is שׁית set (51) impose (15) put (9) and a few others and שׂום set (238) set up (119) put (106) set place (38) render (30) define (26) and so on. You can see the overlap in set and put and imagine the lack of English synonyms to get around this.

Another much more extensive set of these is the words related to going and coming. Some of them are distinguishable with a preposition (come or go or bring out of יצא, up עלה, down ירד, before קדם, through or across עבר). One I noted I had distinguished with an active rather than a passive helping verb like let go רפה.

As I looked at these, I wondered if some of them like רפה couldn't be tightened up. Every time I do this exercise, I see other possibilities. So I changed רפה and replaced the weak let go everywhere with slacken or desist.

Occasionally for literary reasons (I should have some of these), I have let English glosses map to multiple Hebrew stems, especially when I was imitating the childhood game of alphabetic acrostics.

More to come still on some specific difficult to translate words.

Monday 24 December 2018

Advent links - week 4

A lego camel
in front of a well-thumbed Jerusalem Bible
Via the Velveteen Rabbi, a nice play on becoming. Christians should think about this. Who is the one who is, who was, and who is to come in relation to the Hebrew parentage that we share?

It is the fourth Sunday of Advent today and I found myself shopping! But will soon go to a service of 9 lessons and carols at the cathedral. Here from Phil is a post on the original sign of Emmanuel.

We can end this short week with the O antiphons from the Liturgy site.

Prepared for the mythology of the composite pageant of Christmas, here critically reviewed (in past articles) by Paul Davidson.

The pageant and comedy here. In case you have forgotten the carnival, not only is the TNK political, but so is Christianity if it is to be true to its message of putting down the mighty from their seat and exalting the humble and meek.

Sunday 23 December 2018

Christmas 2018

Here is our Christmas newsletter...

We heard the inimitable Dylan Thomas reading A Child's Christmas in Wales this morning. We are also listening to a whole day of the European Christmas concert music on CBC. But last night's concert from Victoria Baroque conducted by Jeanne Lamon, and Rebecca Genge singing Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen is the highlight so far of the Christmas season

Merry Christmas to all.

Saturday 22 December 2018

Male-female, man-woman, husband-wife

In English, we pair words, sometimes exclusively. Other languages may not have such well-defined pairs.

With respect to male-female, what is male or female in Hebrew may be signaled simply by the presence or absence of a suffix. So when I look at my English glossary I find:

male(88) זכר, male barren(1) עקר, male consternation(1) להה, male foal(3) בן, male juvenile(1) ילד, male kid(11) גדי, male newborn(2) ילד, male peer(6) ילד, male servant(3) עבד, male singer(3) שירׁ, male slave(8) עבד.

I have been forced to use male as an adjective. Similarly for female: female(22) נקב, female barren(1) עקר, female juvenile(1) ילד, female servant(3) שפחהׁ, female singer(3) שירׁ, female slave(9) שפחהׁ.

But there is here a male-female pair, זכר and נקב. When these appear together, it is with deliberate intent in the Hebrew language to differentiate the two genders. But if I look in the Hebrew-English glossary I see that each of these has other glosses as well. These other glosses are not what I might have expected. It seems to me that the male is one who remembers זכר and the female is associated with piercing or drilling נקב and certain forms of tool like pick-ax and hammer.

With husband-wife, I avoided husband for the very common stem אישׁ, but I allowed wife for the equally common stem אשׁה.

אישׁ man (524) person (396) men (363) each (318) anyone (82) soldier (61) everyone (56) -- (54) -one (31) such (10) adult (8) representative (6) another (4) other (3) personal (3) cohort (1) every (1) every person (1) hero (1) real (1) ride (1) someone (1) spouse (1) there (1)
אשׁה wife (408) woman (238) women (121) each (10) mate (2)

These clearly sound like a pairing ish, ishah. One might think these were the stems for man-woman. And indeed they can be. But אישׁ is both generic and more multi-faceted than אשׁה. At least it seems I have treated it so. (I also have some artificial hapaxes here, uniquely used glosses created by the process of translation.)

And either of these might just be rendered as each. This gloss breaks my rules, but I don't enforce them for some pronouns, and most prepositions, conjunctions and other grammatical particles.

I allowed husband for the stem בעל Baal. This stem also covers a lot of ground: Baal (107) owner (41) superior (26) husband (22) Baalim (18) marry (12) Husband (2) own (2) owed (1) owns (1) senior (1).

[Aside, owed stands out here as out of place. It occurs only in Nehemiah 6:18. It being less than 5 characters, it might have escaped my net, but I never used owing or owe or owes anywhere else.]

Now it appears that husband-wife do not behave like their English equivalents. So the question is, should I avoid using the word wife at all? Imagine reading woman/women for every occurrence of wife/wives. It is awkward for me, though common in some English language enclaves. But if I use wife, I must not read modern cultural monogamy into the word. Nor should I read a 16th century ownership paradigm into it. Nonetheless, it appears that wife is defined as a woman with whom the man has had coitus. Perhaps this is a legitimate assumption and an acceptable rationale for using one gloss over another for the same stem. All translators make such decisions, sometimes consciously, sometimes not.

Traditional translations are nowhere near as strict as I have been. Here's a quick glance at man, husband, women, wife in the King James version: man is used for אדם, אישׁ, זכר, בעל just for starters. It also appears frequently as an adjective (for the Hebrew suffix). Husband is used for אישׁ, חתן, and בעל. Wife is more consistent as אשׁה. But woman is used for both אשׁה and נקב. With most stems I have avoided these overlaps.

[Aside, I have allowed marry to overlap two stems (though they are easy to distinguish). First it is used for בעל, as in this double usage: וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל, for she is married to a husband. And I used intermarry for the stem חתן, which my algorithm did not break down to marry. This stem is a generic 'in-law' stem: father-in-law (20) son-in-law (12) bridegroom (11) in-law (4) intermarry (4) alliance (2) brother-in-law (1).]

More to come on multi-faceted words.

Advent links - week 3

Jim Gordon - prayer at a locked door.
Rachel Barenblaat - on making oneself known.
James McGrath - reporting on John Polkinghorne re science vs religion.
Bruggemann's Jesse Tree project is very full - lots of possible work here for the dedicated.

Have a look at Shawna Slater's answer to telling your kids about Santa. The 'Yes, Virginia' story is there too.

This post I did from October is very relevant to Advent. Music is a weapon of war - against mental illness, against violence, against depression. It defines a time in which irrelevant arguments (like religion or faith vs science) have no place. Ignore the distractions. Take every precaution to discover them before they distract you. I had occasion to set a little of this chapter 2 Chronicles 20 as part of volume 7 of Bob's Bible - coming under a different title to an ebook publisher near you.

Jesus in Egypt reading Exodus with his mother, from Kurk Gayle.
Jim Gordon on the crib. This is a teacher who knows how to read poetry.

While dealing with gender difficulties would have distracted me from my reading project. (For the gender difficulty of language appears insoluble to me today). There is a real difficulty with gender bias and power. This article via blt is clear on the issues.

Ian Paul has his annual repeat post on the chronology of Luke. Recall the 20 year shift pointed out between Josephus and Luke in the Carnival posts from earlier this month.

Is Luke correcting Josephus? Is Luke disguising history for the sake of theology or just to keep his head down? Is our idea of 'historical' just another distraction to stop us from actually doing something good?

What's Jesus about these days? The Velveteen Rabbi has a poem on it.

Remind me to follow up on this one re the purification of women after childbirth.

Worried about the future, try this page. (Via Henry)

I managed to produce a full glossary this month. See the links in the Analysis page.

Jim Davila points to the star of Bethlehem as midrash on Numbers 24:17.

When exactly did the word become flesh.

Friday 21 December 2018

Alter vs Bob - round 1

I haven't seen Alter's translation - but I am sure I have been influenced by him since I have read some of his earlier work at least in part.

I worry about my literary prowess. Can a computational bible for the music compete with a literary one?

I see in the NYT an article on him with this rendering of Song 1:13: A sachet of myrrh is my lover to me,/all night between my breasts.

Mine is: An anguish of myrrh is my beloved to me. Between my breasts he will bide.

He leaves out the verb. He splits the verse with a pause when there is none (well there is a mordent or revia, but not an atnah) in the text. (The Song is marked from verses 9 to 17 by the haste of the music.)

We both manage some alliteration. His 'all night' is not in the text though the Hebrew word לון has assonance with 'night' ליל. I think that is really subtle, probably too subtle for an English reader. But I like the rationale for his decision.

Thursday 20 December 2018


Some of the lego my grandson and I (with his father's help too) have been working on these last few weeks. Just in case you think I never play. The castle was bought forty years ago for another 5 year old. In London, on our first trip to the UK.


Multi-faceted words

We have had a few posts on rare words. Now we really need some posts on words where the stems are common and there may be several different glosses for one stem.

So what are the multi-faceted words that one would meet first in the first few chapters of Genesis?  Some words are frequent but they designate one or two things that are clearly related. So they are not multi-faceted. One such is אב father. Mostly I have used father. Where a more inclusive word was appropriate, I have used ancestor, parent, or forebear. The Hebrew stem is always the same for all these and no other stem is ever rendered by these words (according to the rules I have followed). This is a common stem, but not a very complex one.

Another example is אדם Adam. Under this stem we have several related glosses as used in Genesis: ground, earthling, Adam, human, humanity, ruddy stuff, humus, ruddy. These all reflect the ruddy stuff of the ground. Outside of Genesis, there are several additional glosses: dyed red, debris from the ground, sard (a true homonym), agriculture, dust-bowl.

I may be guilty of too much freedom. I started out and continued with strict concordance rules, only breaking them when there was good literary rationale. I have not broken them here because I allow myself multiple glosses for one stem as long as I don't use them for another stem without recording and justifying the exception. As it happens, I have used humus exactly 8 times but this count is accidental. I could not justify my choices mathematically. As I reread these opening passages of Genesis, I think I wanted to render the references of this stem with as much variation as I could muster to avoid what I consider is an error of judgment for a story of this nature, considering Adam as a specific humanoid mammal and Eve as a derivative humanoid mammal. That might explain my odd use of the definite article with a proper name, and my variations on human, humanity, earthling, Adam, ground, and the one from the humus in Gen 4:1.

In that verse, I have a similar problem with wife for אשׁה. I wonder if I should ever have used the gloss wife. It is always the same stem as woman, (as is mate in Gen 7:2).

Genesis 4 Fn Min Max Syll
וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ
וַתַּ֙הַר֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־קַ֔יִן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר קָנִ֥יתִי אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה
1 And the one from the humus knew Eve his wife,
and she became big and she gave birth to Cain, and she said, I have acquired someone with Yahweh.
3e 4B 11
18
Isaiah 6 Fn Min Max Syll
וָאֹמַ֕ר עַד־מָתַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י
וַיֹּ֡אמֶר עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר֩ אִם־שָׁא֨וּ עָרִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ין יוֹשֵׁ֗ב וּבָתִּים֙ מֵאֵ֣ין אָדָ֔ם וְהָאֲדָמָ֖ה תִּשָּׁאֶ֥ה שְׁמָמָֽה
11 And I said, How long, my Lord?
And he said, Until that the noisy cities are without inhabitant, and houses without humanity, and the humus is noised as desolate,
3e 4B 9
33
Jeremiah 16 Fn Min Max Syll
הֲיַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֥וֹ אָדָ֖ם אֱלֹהִ֑ים
וְהֵ֖מָּה לֹ֥א אֱלֹהִֽים
20 Will humus make for itself gods?
But they are not gods.
3e 4A 10
7
Joel 2 Fn Min Max Syll
אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה
גִּ֣ילִי וּשְׂמָ֔חִי כִּֽי־הִגְדִּ֥יל יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת
21 Do not fear, O humus.
Rejoice and be glad, for exaggerated are the deeds of Yahweh.
3e 4B 6
13
Zechariah 13 Fn Min Max Syll
וְאָמַ֕ר לֹ֥א נָבִ֖יא אָנֹ֑כִי
אִישׁ־עֹבֵ֤ד אֲדָמָה֙ אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אָדָ֖ם הִקְנַ֥נִי מִנְּעוּרָֽי
5 And he will say, Not a prophet am I.
A person, a servant of the humus, am I, for humanity acquired me from my youth.
3e 4C 9
18
Psalms 146 Fn Min Max Syll
תֵּצֵ֣א ר֭וּחוֹ יָשֻׁ֣ב לְאַדְמָת֑וֹ
בַּיּ֥וֹם הַ֝ה֗וּא אָבְד֥וּ עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָֽיו
4 Its spirit goes forth. It returns to its humus.
In that day its gleams perish.

3e 4B 10
10
Job 25 Fn Min Max Syll
אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה
וּבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם תּוֹלֵעָֽה פ
6 g Indeed, for a mortal maggot,
or a child of humus... is a worm... P
3e 4B 5
8
Lamentations 3 Fn Min Max Syll
מַה־יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙ אָדָ֣ם חָ֔י גֶּ֖בֶר עַל־חֲטָאָֽיו ס 39 May living humus cavil? a valiant one about its sin? S 3e 4B 14
The other glosses I used rarely: dust-bowls in Psalms 49:12, dyed red for the building of the dwelling (Exodus). Ruddy for a diseased state in Leviticus 13 and a few other places. Debris from the ground is used for the representation of grief e.g. at the loss of the ark of the covenant. Ground is very frequent (just under 25%) as a gloss for אדם. Although I have used earthling (roughly 12%) for אדם, I never use earth for this word. Reserved for this is the ambiguous stem, ארץ which is earth or land depending on the context, with rare exceptions (earthward, earthbound).

More troublesome examples to come.

Tuesday 18 December 2018

On making a glossary

A reader asked for a glossary so I have finally gotten around to getting it out of the database. I have wanted to for a while. It is of course still temporary - nothing is ever final.

I managed to get the Hebrew-English glossary down to about 2500 pages. There were a number of technical glitches. At first I tried 23 separate files, but that was painful and they clearly needed some formatting. I tried an html to pdf converter but some of the files would not process and when I put everything into one file, it was too big (44M now down to 29M).

The 'final' file was too big for ms Word to read so I brought it up in chrome and via ctrl-a pasted it into a blank word document. (It's possible Word might open it now). Then I saved as docx. From there although very slow with Word repaginating  or wasting its time counting words every now and then, it was possible to save as pdf. Word crashed if I touched anything before saving it.

To develop the package I had to work out a way to break by stem, and collect the 'where found' into a sufficiently small space. For the big file, there is no formatting required for replacing it. For now I want to be able to reproduce it in as few steps as possible since it is subject to correction as I will demonstrate with this first sample.

Below you can see the longest word with the stem אב - is it this one ולאבותיהם? There's a very strange looking one at the bottom of the list. (Now fixed). I have no idea how this one happened!

Often an error will uncover a pattern of errors. But this one is impossible on all counts. Even my earliest algorithm for recognizing stems would never have deleted a tsade. And certainly not reversed אב to בא. So this looks like a one-off. Tsaade is of course in the 'first 11' (that's a cricket metaphor). It is among the 11 letters that do not act in a grammatical fashion.

(Ignore the links below - they are automatically put in by the blog and I didn't test the abbreviations.)

אב
Word formGlossWhere found
אב
a father ofGen 17:5
אב
a fatherGen 44:19; Num 30:17; Eze 22:10; Mal 1:6, 1:6; Psa 103:13; Pro 10:1, 15:20, 19:26; Job 29:16, 38:28; Lam 5:3
אב
a parentPro 4:1, 13:1
אב
ancestralJos 22:14
אב
fatherGen 44:20; Isa 38:19; Eze 22:7; Mic 7:6; Mal 2:10; Est 2:7; 1Ch 24:6
אב
the ancestor2Ch 35:5
אב
the father ofNum 25:15
אב
the fatherNum 3:24, 3:30, 3:35, 17:17, 25:14; 1Ch 23:11
אבהתי
my fathersDan 2:23
אבהתך
your ancestorsEzr 4:15
אבהתנא
our ancestorsEzr 5:12
אבוהי
his fatherDan 5:2
אבוך
your fatherDan 5:11, 5:11, 5:11, 5:18
אבות
fathersDeu 24:16, 24:16; 2Kgs 14:6, 14:6; 2Ch 25:4, 25:4
אבות
forebearsExo 34:7; Num 14:18; Deu 5:9
אבות
from ancestorsPro 19:14
אבות
parents ofNum 31:26; Jos 14:1
אבות
parentsJer 6:21, 31:29, 32:18, 47:3; Eze 5:10, 18:2; Mal 3:24
אבות
the ancestors ofExo 6:25; Jos 21:1; 1Ch 8:6
אבות
the ancestorsNeh 12:22; 1Ch 7:7, 8:10, 8:28, 9:9, 9:33, 24:4; 2Ch 25:5, 35:12
אבות
the fathersNum 36:1; 1Ch 24:31
אבות
the parents ofNum 32:28; Jos 21:1
אבותי
my ancestors1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; Isa 37:12; Psa 39:13; 2Ch 32:14, 32:15
אבותיהם
their ancestorsJer 50:7; 1Ch 4:38, 5:13, 5:25; 2Ch 11:16, 13:18, 14:3, 15:12, 17:14, 19:4, 24:18, 24:24, 30:7, 30:22, 31:17, 34:32, 34:33, 36:15
אבותיו
his ancestorsPsa 49:20
אבותיו
their ancestorsJdg 2:10; 2Ch 30:19
אבותיך
your ancestorsGen 31:3; Jer 34:5; Pro 22:28
אבותיכם
your ancestorsExo 3:13; Jos 18:3, 24:2, 24:6, 24:6, 24:14, 24:15; 1Sa 12:7, 12:8; Isa 65:7; Jer 2:5, 3:18, 7:22, 7:25, 11:4, 16:11, 17:22, 34:13, 34:14, 44:9, 44:10; Eze 20:18, 20:27, 20:30, 20:36, 37:25; Hos 9:10; Zec 1:2, 1:5; Psa 95:9; 2Ch 28:9, 35:4
אבותינו
our ancestorsGen 47:3; Jos 22:28, 24:17; Jdg 6:13; Jer 3:24, 14:20, 16:19; Psa 44:2, 78:5, 106:6, 106:7; Ezr 7:27; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 29:9, 34:21
אבותכם
your ancestorsDeu 1:11
אבותם
fathersJob 30:1
אבותם
parentsEze 5:10
אבותם
their ancestorsNum 1:16, 17:18; Jos 22:14; Jdg 2:12, 2:17, 2:20, 2:22, 3:4; 2Kgs 17:14, 17:15, 21:15; Isa 14:21; Jer 9:13, 11:10, 11:10, 23:27, 31:32; Eze 20:4, 20:24; Amo 2:4; Psa 78:12; Pro 17:6; Job 8:8; Ezr 2:59; Neh 7:61; 1Ch 5:15, 5:24, 5:24, 7:2, 7:4, 7:9, 9:13, 12:31, 24:4, 26:13; 2Ch 28:6
אבותם
their fathersJdg 21:22; Jer 16:3
אבותם
their parentsJos 4:21; Mal 3:24
אבי
O my father2Kgs 6:21
אבי
a father ofPsa 68:6
אבי
my ancestorsGen 31:42
אבי
my fatherGen 19:34, 20:12, 20:13, 22:7, 24:7, 24:38, 24:40, 27:12, 27:18, 27:31, 27:34, 27:38, 27:38, 27:41, 28:21, 31:5, 32:10, 32:10, 41:51, 44:24, 44:27, 44:30, 44:32, 44:34, 44:34, 45:3, 45:9, 45:13, 46:31, 47:1, 48:18, 50:5, 50:5; Exo 15:2, 18:4; Deu 26:5; Jos 2:12, 2:13; Jdg 6:15, 9:17, 9:18, 11:7, 11:36; 1Sa 9:5, 14:29, 18:18, 19:2, 19:3, 19:3, 20:2, 20:2, 20:9, 20:12, 20:13, 20:13, 22:3, 22:15, 23:17, 23:17, 24:22; 2Sa 3:7, 14:9, 16:3, 19:29, 19:38, 24:17; 1Kgs 2:24, 2:26, 2:26, 2:31, 2:44, 3:6, 3:7, 5:17, 5:19, 8:15, 8:17, 8:18, 8:20, 8:24, 8:25, 8:26, 12:10, 12:11, 12:11, 12:14, 12:14, 15:19, 20:34, 20:34; 2Kgs 2:12, 2:12, 5:13, 13:14, 13:14; Isa 8:4; Jer 2:27, 3:4, 3:19, 20:15; Psa 27:10, 89:27; Job 17:14, 34:36; Dan 5:13; Neh 1:6; 1Ch 21:17, 28:4, 28:4, 28:4; 2Ch 1:8, 1:9, 2:2, 2:6, 2:12, 6:4, 6:7, 6:8, 6:10, 6:15, 6:16, 10:10, 10:11, 10:11, 10:14, 16:3
אבי
the father ofGen 4:20, 4:21, 9:18, 9:22, 10:21, 11:29, 19:37, 19:38, 22:21, 28:2, 33:19, 34:6, 36:9, 36:43; Deu 22:15, 22:16; Jos 15:13, 17:1, 21:11, 24:2, 24:32; Jdg 9:1, 9:28, 19:3, 19:4, 19:5, 19:6, 19:8, 19:9; 1Sa 9:3, 14:51, 14:51; Rut 4:17, 4:17; 1Ch 2:21, 2:23, 2:24, 2:42, 2:42, 2:44, 2:45, 2:49, 2:49, 2:50, 2:51, 2:51, 2:52, 2:55, 4:3, 4:4, 4:4, 4:4, 4:5, 4:11, 4:12, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:18, 4:18, 4:19, 4:21, 4:21, 7:14, 7:31, 8:29, 9:35
אבי
the parent ofPro 17:21, 23:24
אביה
her fatherGen 19:33, 29:12, 31:35, 34:11, 38:11; Exo 22:16; Lev 21:9, 22:13, 22:13; Num 30:4, 30:5, 30:5, 30:6, 30:6, 30:17, 36:8; Deu 21:13, 22:21, 22:21; Jos 6:23, 6:25, 15:18; Jdg 1:14, 11:37, 11:39, 15:1, 15:2, 15:6, 19:2, 19:3; Est 2:7
אביהו
his fatherJdg 14:10, 14:19, 16:31; 1Kgs 5:15; Zec 13:3; 1Ch 26:10; 2Ch 3:1
אביהם
is their father1Sa 10:12
אביהם
their fatherGen 9:23, 9:23, 31:53, 37:2, 37:4, 37:12, 37:32, 42:29, 42:36, 43:2, 43:11, 45:25, 45:27, 46:5, 49:28, 50:15; Exo 40:15; Num 3:4, 27:7, 36:6; Jos 19:47; Jdg 18:29; 1Sa 2:25; 1Kgs 13:12; Jer 35:14, 35:16; Job 42:15; 1Ch 7:22, 24:2, 24:19, 25:3, 25:6, 26:6; 2Ch 21:3
אביהן
their fatherGen 19:33, 19:35; Exo 2:16, 2:18; Num 27:7, 36:12; Jos 17:4
אביו
fatherPro 28:24
אביו
his father's1Sa 17:15
אביו
his fatherGen 2:24, 9:22, 11:28, 22:7, 26:15, 26:15, 26:18, 26:18, 27:14, 27:18, 27:19, 27:22, 27:26, 27:30, 27:32, 27:34, 27:38, 27:39, 27:41, 28:7, 28:8, 31:18, 31:53, 34:4, 34:13, 34:19, 35:22, 35:27, 36:24, 37:1, 37:2, 37:10, 37:10, 37:22, 37:35, 42:37, 43:8, 44:22, 44:22, 46:1, 46:29, 46:31, 47:7, 47:11, 47:12, 47:12, 48:9, 48:17, 48:17, 48:18, 48:19, 50:1, 50:2, 50:7, 50:8, 50:14, 50:14, 50:22; Exo 21:15, 21:17; Lev 16:32, 20:9, 20:9, 20:11, 20:11, 20:17; Deu 23:1, 23:1, 27:16, 27:20, 27:20, 27:22; Jdg 6:27, 8:32, 9:5, 14:3, 14:3, 14:9, 16:31; 1Sa 14:27, 17:25, 18:2, 19:4, 20:32, 20:33, 20:34, 22:1, 22:11; 2Sa 2:32, 3:29, 10:2, 10:2, 16:22, 17:23, 21:14; 1Kgs 1:6, 2:12, 3:3, 7:51, 11:4, 11:6, 11:17, 11:27, 11:33, 11:43, 12:6, 15:3, 15:3, 15:11, 15:15, 15:24, 15:26, 22:43, 22:47, 22:51, 22:53, 22:54; 2Kgs 3:2, 4:18, 4:19, 9:25, 10:3, 13:25, 14:3, 14:3, 14:5, 14:21, 15:3, 15:34, 15:38, 16:2, 18:3, 21:3, 21:20, 21:21, 21:21, 22:2, 23:30, 23:34, 24:9; Isa 3:6, 22:23, 22:24; Jer 16:7, 22:11; Eze 22:11; Zec 13:3; Pro 20:20; 1Ch 5:1, 9:19, 12:29, 19:2, 19:2, 29:23; 2Ch 2:16, 4:16, 5:1, 8:14, 9:31, 10:6, 15:18, 17:2, 17:3, 17:4, 20:32, 21:4, 22:4, 24:22, 25:3, 26:1, 26:4, 27:2, 28:1, 29:2, 33:3, 33:22, 33:22, 33:23, 34:2, 34:3, 36:1
אביו
its fatherNum 27:10; Deu 21:18, 21:19; Pro 30:11
אביו
its parentEze 18:14, 18:17, 18:18; Pro 15:5, 28:7, 29:3
אביך
your ancestor1Sa 2:27
אביך
your ancestorsGen 12:1, 50:17; Exo 3:6; 1Ch 28:9
אביך
your father is2Sa 17:10
אביך
your father wasEze 16:3
אביך
your father'sNum 18:1; 1Sa 2:28, 2:30, 2:31; 1Kgs 18:18; Jer 12:6; Psa 45:11; Pro 1:8, 6:20; Est 4:14
אביך
your fatherGen 24:23, 26:3, 26:24, 27:6, 28:13, 31:30, 38:11, 46:3, 47:5, 47:6, 48:1, 49:4, 49:8, 49:25, 49:26, 50:6, 50:16; Exo 20:12; Lev 18:7, 18:8, 18:8, 18:9, 18:11, 18:11, 18:12, 18:12, 18:14, 20:19; Num 18:2; Deu 5:16, 32:6, 32:7; Jos 2:18, 2:18; Jdg 14:15; 1Sa 9:20, 10:2, 14:28, 20:1, 20:3, 20:6, 20:8, 20:10, 22:16, 22:22; 2Sa 3:8, 9:7, 9:7, 10:3, 13:5, 15:34, 16:19, 16:21, 16:21, 17:8; 1Kgs 3:14, 6:12, 9:4, 9:5, 11:12, 12:4, 12:4, 12:9, 12:10, 15:19, 20:34; 2Kgs 3:13, 20:5; Isa 7:17, 38:5, 43:27, 58:14; Jer 22:15; Pro 23:25; Rut 2:11; 1Ch 19:3; 2Ch 2:13, 7:17, 7:18, 10:4, 10:4, 10:9, 10:10, 16:3, 21:12, 21:12, 21:13
אביך
your parent'sPro 27:10
אביכם
your ancestorsGen 31:29, 43:23
אביכם
your fatherGen 31:9, 43:7, 43:27, 44:17, 45:18, 45:19, 49:2; Jos 24:3; Isa 51:2; Jer 35:18
אביכן
your fatherGen 31:5, 31:6
אבינו
our fatherGen 19:31, 19:32, 31:14, 42:13, 42:32, 42:32, 44:25, 44:31; Num 27:3, 27:4, 27:4; Jdg 11:2; Isa 63:16, 63:16, 64:7; Jer 35:6, 35:8, 35:10; 1Ch 29:10
אבת
forebearsExo 20:5
אבת
the ancestorsExo 12:3
אבתי
my ancestors1Kgs 21:3
אבתי
my fathersGen 47:9, 47:30, 48:15, 48:16, 49:29; Neh 2:3, 2:5
אבתיהם
their ancestorsEzr 8:1; Neh 9:2; 1Ch 9:9, 23:24, 24:30, 29:20; 2Ch 7:22, 20:33
אבתיו
his ancestorsNum 1:44, 2:34, 13:2; 1Kgs 1:21, 2:10, 11:21, 11:43, 14:20, 14:31, 14:31, 15:8, 15:12, 15:24, 15:24, 16:6, 16:28, 22:40, 22:51, 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24, 8:24, 9:28, 10:35, 12:19, 12:22, 13:9, 13:13, 14:16, 14:20, 14:22, 14:29, 15:7, 15:7, 15:9, 15:22, 15:38, 15:38, 16:20, 16:20, 20:21, 21:18, 21:22, 23:32, 23:37, 24:6; Dan 11:24, 11:24, 11:37, 11:38; 2Ch 9:31, 12:16, 13:23, 16:13, 21:1, 21:1, 21:10, 21:19, 25:28, 26:2, 26:23, 26:23, 27:9, 28:25, 28:27, 32:33, 33:12, 33:20, 35:24
אבתיו
his fathersLev 25:41; Num 1:4, 36:7; Psa 109:14
אבתיו
its fathersNum 36:8
אבתיך
your ancestorsGen 15:15; Deu 1:21, 4:31, 4:37, 6:3, 8:3, 8:16, 10:22, 12:1, 27:3, 30:5, 30:9, 31:16; 2Sa 7:12; 1Kgs 13:22; 2Kgs 22:20; 1Ch 17:11; 2Ch 34:28
אבתיך
your fathersExo 10:6, 10:6; 2Kgs 20:17; Isa 39:6; Psa 45:17
אבתיכם
your ancestorsGen 48:21; Exo 3:15, 3:16; Num 32:8, 32:14, 33:54; Deu 4:1, 32:17; 1Sa 12:6, 12:8; 2Kgs 17:13; Joe 1:2; Zec 1:6, 8:14; Mal 3:7; Ezr 8:28, 10:11; Neh 13:18; 2Ch 13:12, 29:5
אבתינו
our ancestorsGen 46:34; Num 20:15, 36:3, 36:4; Deu 5:3, 26:7; 1Kgs 8:21, 8:53, 8:57, 8:58; 2Kgs 22:13; Isa 64:10; Mal 2:10; Psa 22:5; Lam 5:7; Dan 9:16; Ezr 9:7; Neh 9:9, 10:35; 1Ch 29:15, 29:18; 2Ch 20:6, 29:6
אבתם
their ancestorsExo 4:5, 6:14; Lev 26:39, 26:40; Num 1:2, 1:18, 1:20, 1:22, 1:24, 1:26, 1:28, 1:30, 1:32, 1:34, 1:36, 1:38, 1:40, 1:42, 1:45, 1:47, 2:2, 2:32, 3:15, 3:20, 4:2, 4:22, 4:29, 4:34, 4:38, 4:40, 4:42, 4:46, 7:2, 17:17, 17:21, 26:2, 26:55, 34:14, 34:14; Deu 29:24; 1Kgs 9:9, 14:22; 2Kgs 17:41; Ezr 10:16
באבותיכם
among your ancestorsJer 11:7
באבתיך
in your ancestorsDeu 10:15
האב
the parentEze 18:4, 18:19, 18:20
האבות
the ancestorsJos 19:51; 1Kgs 8:1; Ezr 1:5, 2:68, 4:2, 4:3, 8:29, 10:16; Neh 7:69, 7:70, 12:12, 12:23; 1Ch 7:11, 7:40, 8:13, 9:34, 15:12, 23:9, 23:24, 26:21, 26:26, 26:32, 27:1; 2Ch 1:2, 5:2, 19:8, 26:12, 35:5
האבות
the fathersNum 36:1; Deu 18:8; Ezr 3:12; Neh 8:13; 1Ch 24:6, 24:31, 29:6; 2Ch 23:2
ואב
nor the parentEze 18:20
ואבות
nor the ancestors ofDan 11:24
ואבות
nor the fathers ofExo 10:6
ואבותי
and my ancestors2Ch 32:13
ואבותיהם
or their ancestorsJer 19:4
ואבותיכם
and your ancestorsJer 16:13, 44:21
ואבותינו
and our ancestorsJer 3:25; Psa 78:3
ואבותם
and their ancestorsJer 9:15; Eze 2:3
ואבי
and my father1Sa 24:12; 1Kgs 2:32
ואבי
and the father ofGen 11:29; Jos 24:2; 1Ch 2:17, 2:49
ואביה
if her fatherNum 12:14
ואביהם
and their fatherGen 42:35
ואביו
and his fatherGen 35:18, 44:20; Lev 19:3; Jdg 14:4, 14:5; 1Kgs 7:14; Amo 2:7; 2Ch 2:13
ואביו
but his fatherGen 37:11
ואביך
and your father is2Sa 17:8
ואביכן
and your fatherGen 31:7; Eze 16:45
ואבתיהם
and their ancestors1Ch 9:19
ואבתיך
nor your ancestorsDeu 28:64
ואבתיך
or your ancestorsDeu 13:7, 28:36
ואבתיכם
or their ancestorsJer 44:3
ואבתינו
and our ancestorsJer 44:17; Dan 9:6; Neh 9:16, 9:34
ובאבתיכם
and your ancestors1Sa 12:15
והאבות
and the fathersJer 7:18
והאבות
both the parentsJer 13:14
וכאב
as a fatherPro 3:12
ולאבותיהם
and to their ancestorsJer 24:10
ולאבותיכם
and to your ancestorsJer 7:14, 23:39, 25:5
ולאביו
and his father1Sa 14:1
ולאביו
and to his fatherGen 45:23
ולאביו
or his fatherLev 21:2
ולאבתיהם
and for their ancestors2Ch 6:25
ולאבתיך
and to your ancestorsExo 13:11
ולאבתיכם
and to your ancestorsJer 35:15
ולאבתינו
and for our ancestorsDan 9:8; Neh 9:32
ולאבתינו
and our ancestorsNum 20:15
כאב
as fatherJob 31:18
כאבותיכם
like your ancestors2Ch 30:7, 30:8
כאבותם
like their ancestorsPsa 78:8, 78:57
כאביו
like his father2Kgs 3:2
כאבתיכם
like your ancestorsZec 1:4
לאב
a father ofGen 17:4
לאב
a fatherIsa 22:21; Pro 30:17; 1Ch 28:6
לאב
as a fatherGen 45:8; Jer 31:9
לאב
fatherJdg 17:10, 18:19; 2Sa 7:14; 1Ch 17:13, 22:10
לאב
for a fatherEze 44:25
לאב
to a fatherIsa 45:10
לאבות
of the ancestorsNeh 11:13; 1Ch 26:31
לאבותיהם
for their ancestors1Ch 6:4
לאבותיהם
to their ancestors1Kgs 14:15
לאבותיכם
to your ancestorsJer 7:7, 11:5; Eze 20:42
לאבותם
to their ancestorsJos 1:6, 5:6, 21:43, 21:44; 1Kgs 8:34, 8:48; 2Kgs 21:8; Jer 16:15, 30:3, 32:22; 2Ch 6:38
לאבי
my fatherGen 45:13; Jdg 14:16; 1Kgs 19:20
לאבי
of my fatherPro 4:3
לאבי
the father ofDeu 22:29
לאבי
to my fatherGen 44:32
לאבי
to the father ofDeu 22:19
לאביה
her fatherGen 29:12
לאביה
was her father'sGen 29:9
לאביה
were her father'sGen 31:19
לאביהם
to their father1Kgs 13:11
לאביו
for his fatherGen 45:23, 50:10; Lev 21:11
לאביו
his fatherJdg 14:2, 14:6
לאביו
of his father's1Sa 17:34
לאביו
of his fatherDeu 33:9
לאביו
of its father'sNum 6:7
לאביו
of its fatherNum 27:11
לאביו
to his fatherGen 27:31, 27:31, 27:34; Jdg 9:56; Pro 17:25, 19:13
לאביך
for your fatherGen 27:9
לאביך
to your fatherGen 27:10
לאביך
your father'sJdg 6:25, 6:25
לאביך
your fatherPro 23:22
לאבינו
our father'sGen 31:1
לאבינו
our fatherGen 43:28
לאבינו
was our father'sGen 31:1
לאבתיהם
to their ancestorsNeh 9:23
לאבתיו
to its ancestorsDeu 31:20
לאבתיו
to our ancestorsNum 11:12
לאבתיך
to your ancestorsExo 13:5; Deu 6:10, 6:18, 7:12, 7:13, 8:18, 9:5, 13:18, 19:8, 19:8, 28:11, 29:12, 30:20
לאבתיכם
to your ancestorsDeu 1:8, 1:35, 7:8, 8:1, 11:9, 11:21; Jdg 2:1; Eze 36:28, 47:14
לאבתיכם
your ancestors2Ch 33:8
לאבתינו
to our ancestorsDeu 6:23, 26:3, 26:15; 1Kgs 8:40; Mic 7:20; Neh 9:36; 2Ch 6:31
לאבתם
to their ancestorsNum 14:23; Deu 10:11, 31:7
מאבותיכם
more than your ancestorsJer 16:12
מאבותם
from their ancestorsJob 15:18
מאבותם
more than their ancestorsJdg 2:19
מאבותם
than their ancestorsJer 7:26
מאביהן
from their fatherGen 19:36
מאביך
over your father2Sa 6:21
מאביך
than your fatherJob 15:10
מאבינו
from our fatherGen 19:32, 19:34, 31:16
מאבתי
than my ancestors1Kgs 19:4
מאבתיך
more than your ancestorsDeu 30:5
צבאותיכם
your ancestors hostsExo 12:17 - should be under צבא