Showing posts with label alliteration. Show all posts
Showing posts with label alliteration. Show all posts

Saturday, 17 June 2023

A study in bk בח


I have been playing with sounds. I did a bit of an experiment in alliteration. I found it quite a test.
‎בחן זה בחנוני
‎בחורותיך לגבח גבח
‎ואזבח זבחי גם בחמהך
‎לא אשבח טבחך גם בחרבך
‎וממני אין נבח אנוכי אחריש כחרש רואיי בחוץ נדדו ממני

Google translates it with language I would never use. And it’s far from my initial intent. But it’s funny.

Check it out nerdy
Your girls are crazy
And I will offer my sacrifice also in your heat
I will not praise your cook even with your sword
And there is no selfish barking from me, after all, like deaf people outside, they have wandered away from me. 

I started out very seriously not realizing that gbk is never used as a verb! I could have figured that out I suppose.
lgbk gbk bkurotiç
vazbk zbkim gm bkmtç.
Surely your chosen is bald of forehead,
yet I offer offerings even against your heat.
la awbk 'tbkç bkrbç,
ummni ain nbk
anoci akriw ckrw 
I do not commend your slaughter with the sword,
yet from me there is not a woof. 
I am silent like a potsherd. 
roaii bkux
nddu mmni
Those seeing me outside
fled from me

There are several verses in the Scripture that have bk in their sound, many of them using the preposition /b/ and a root beginning with /k/, but nowhere that I found that specifically uses this sound in word play.

I added a search function to the concordance that allows the user to search the entire bible for letter patterns. It is particularly easy to search in SimHebrew. Go to the concordance and try it out. Here is a search for bk.

Wednesday, 2 June 2021

Psalms - potential assonance in single verses

What happens when I apply the assonance algorithm to Psalms 119 to see if there are significant pairs of letters in individual verses. I restricted my search to finding a pair. 

One thing I have not considered is assonance between different letters like 't and t or s and w. A glance below at Psalms 119 verse 13 with assonance wp, sp, and wp again. This wouldn't have shown up without the doubled wp in lips and judgments. The c sofit, ç, is quite common in this psalm rendered as the pronoun you/your.

ig bwptii siprti
col mwp'ti-piç
   i: 6, p: 4, wp: 2, 13 By my lips I have recounted,
all the judgments of your mouth.

I tried this algorithm and filter for the whole psalter and got 872 rows with at least one 2 count for a letter-pair. It is more than a few too many to analyse without getting quite tired and cross-eyed. It worked after a fashion. I sharpened the algorithm to let me distinguish pairs more easily and filtered for a count of 3 to reduce the volume. It is a slow process. 152 rows remain after isolating those verses where 3 double letters repeat. This will miss some alliteration since I have already found a few where only two repeats were noted. They were not very revealing to me. If I suppress the difference between the taf and tet, and shin and samekh, I get 10 additional rows in the whole Psalter. 

So far, this method of automatically finding assonance is of limited value. But you can scan these and tell me if you find any good examples :)
a awri haiw awr la hlç byxt rwyim
ubdrç k'taim la ymd
ubmowb lxim la iwb
a:-7, b:-5, v:-3, i:-6, l:-5, m:-5, y:-3, r:-4, w:-6,
aw: 3, la: 3, rw: 1, wb: 2, wr: 2, ym: 2,
1 Happy the person who does not walk in the advice of the wicked,
and in the way of sinners does not stand,
and in the seat of the scornful does not sit.
ia hawimm alohim iiplu mmoyxotihm
brob pwyihm hdikmo
ci-mru bç
b:-3, h:-5, v:-7, i:-8, m:-9,
br: 1, mm: 2, hm: 3, rb: 1,
11 Declare them guilty O God. Let them fall in their conspiracies.
In their many transgressions banish them,
for they provoked you.

ib viwmku cl-kosi bç lyolm irnnu vtsç ylimo
viylxu bç aohbi wmç
b:-3, v:-10, i:-6, c:-5, l:-5, m:-4, y:-3,
bc: 2, lm: 2, ly: 1, wm: 2, yl: 3,
12 And all those who take refuge in you will be glad. Forever they will shout for joy and you will overshadow them.
And they who love your name will be elated in you.
't iarob bmstr carih bsuco iarob lk'tof yni
ik'tof yni bmowco brwto
a:-3, b:-6, v:-9, 't:-4, i:-6, c:-3, r:-5,
ar: 3, bm: 2, br: 1, kt: 2, tt: 2, mw: 2, rb: 2, wc: 2, wt: 2, yn: 2,
9 It lies in wait in its hiding place like lion in lair. It lies in wait to seize the poor.
It seizes the poor. It draws him away in Its net.
id rait ci-ath yml vcys tbi't ltt bidç
yliç iyzob klch
itom ath hiit yozr
a:-3, b:-3, h:-4, v:-4, i:-9, c:-5, l:-4, y:-5, t:-8,
at: 3, bt: 1, tb: 1, ht: 1, th: 2, lc: 2, yz: 2,
14 Regard you will, for you yourself take note of toil and grief to give by your hand.
To you the hapless defer.
The orphan you yourself will help.
'tv wbor zroy rwy
vry tdrow-rwyo bl-tmxa
v:-5, y:-4, r:-6, w:-4,
rw: 3, ry: 2, wy: 2,
15 Shatter the arm of criminal,
and for an evil one, search out its crimes till none is found.
d hloa idyu cl-poyli-avvn
aocli ymi aclu lkm
ihvh la qrau
a:-6, h:-3, v:-9, i:-5, c:-3, l:-7, y:-3,
ac: 2, cl: 3, la: 2,
4 Did they not know, all these workers of mischief,
eating my people as they eat bread?
Yahweh they do not call.

g la-rgl yl-lwono la-ywh lriyhu ryh
vkrph la-nwa yl-qrobo
a:-4, h:-4, v:-6, l:-8, y:-5, r:-5, w:-3,
la: 3, nw: 1, ry: 2, wn: 1, yl: 2,
3 He does not slander with his tongue. He does not do evil to his friend,
and a reproach he does not lift up over those near him.
h cspo la-ntn bnwç vwokd yl-nqi la lqk
yowh-alh
la iimo't lyolm
a:-4, v:-6, i:-3, l:-8, n:-4, y:-3, w:-3,
al: 1, cw: 1, la: 3, ly: 1, nt: 1, tn: 1, wc: 1, yl: 2,
5 His money he does not give at interest, and a bribe over the innocent he does not take.
Doing these things,
he will not be moved forever.
id mmtim idç ihvh mmtim mkld klqm bkiim uxpunç tmla b'tnm
iwbyu bnim
vhniku itrm lyollihm
b:-4, h:-4, v:-7, k:-4, i:-11, l:-6, m:-14, n:-4, t:-4,
mm: 2, mk: 1, kl: 2, km: 1, ly: 1, mt: 2, nm: 2, tm: 3, yl: 1,
14 from men, your hand, Yahweh, from men, from transience, their share in their lives, whose bellies you fill with your treasure.
Let them be satisfied with children,
and leave their surplus to their progeny.
a lmnxk lybd ihvh ldvid
awr dibr lihvh at-dbri hwirh hzat
biom hxil-ihvh aoto mcf cl-aoibiv umid waul
a:-6, b:-5, d:-6, h:-10, v:-11, i:-12, l:-7, m:-4, r:-4, w:-3, t:-3,
at: 3, aw: 1, bd: 1, br: 2, db: 2, wa: 1, wr: 2,
1 For the leader. Of a servant of Yahweh. Of David,
who spoke to Yahweh the words of this particular song,
in the day Yahweh delivered him from the slap of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.
k vtgyw vtryw harx umosdi hrim irgzu
vitgywu ci-krh lo
g:-3, h:-3, v:-8, i:-5, y:-3, r:-5, w:-3, t:-3,
tg: 2, gy: 2, hr: 1, rh: 1, yw: 3,
8 And the earth shakes and quakes, and the foundations of the hills shudder,
and are shaken for he was burning with anger.
ib iwt kowç stro sbibotiv sucto
kwct-mim ybi wkqim
b:-3, v:-6, k:-3, i:-6, c:-3, m:-3, s:-3, w:-4, t:-5,
ct: 2, kw: 2, wc: 3, wk: 1, wt: 2,
12 He sets darkness his hiding place, round about him his booth,
dark waters, thick clouds of the skies.

k alh brcb valh bsusim
vanknu bwm-ihvh alohinu nzcir
a:-4, b:-4, h:-5, v:-7, i:-4, l:-3, n:-4,
al: 3, bw: 2, cr: 1, rc: 1, kn: 1, lh: 3, nk: 1, wm: 2,
8 Some in the chariot and some in the horses,
but we ourselves in the name of Yahweh our God remember.
h bç b'tku abotinu
b'tku vtpl'tmo
b:-4, v:-6, 't:-3,
bt: 3, tk: 2,
5 In you our ancestors trusted.
They trusted and you secured them.
ch ci la-bzh vla wiqx ynut yni vla-hstir pniv mmnu
ubwvvyo aliv wmy
a:-4, v:-10, i:-6, l:-4, m:-3, n:-4, y:-4, w:-3,
al: 1, la: 3, yn: 2,
25 For he has not despised nor detested the poverty of the poor, and he has not hidden his presence from him,
but when he cried to him he heard.

l aclu viwtkvu cl-dwni-arx lpniv icryu cl-iordi ypr
vnpwo la kiih
a:-3, v:-9, i:-8, c:-4, l:-5, n:-3, p:-3, r:-4, w:-3,
cl: 3, np: 1, pn: 1,
30 All the sleek of the earth will eat and worship in his presence. All who go down to dust will bow,
but his being he could not keep alive.
b alohii bç b'tkti al-abowh
al-iylxu aoibii li
a:-5, b:-4, v:-4, i:-8, l:-5,
ab: 2, al: 3, kt: 1, tk: 1,
2 my God,
ב because in you I have trusted. Let me not be ashamed,
nor let my enemies be elated over me.
h wnati qhl mryim
vym-rwyim la awb
a:-3, i:-3, m:-4, y:-3, w:-3,
ym: 3,
5 I have hated a congregation of evildoers,
and with the wicked I will not sit.

k awcilç vaorç bdrç-zu tlç
aiyxh yliç yini
a:-3, v:-3, i:-5, c:-6, l:-3, y:-3,
cl: 1, rc: 2, lc: 3,
8 I will give you insight and instruct you. In this way you will walk.
I will advise you with my eye.
'tz ain-hmlç nowy brob-kil
gibor la-iinxl brob-cok
b:-5, v:-5, i:-5, l:-4, n:-3, r:-3,
br: 3, rb: 2,
16 There is no king victorious by abundant force.
One who prevails is not delivered by abundant power.
k tboahu woah la-iidy
vrwto awr-'tmn tlcdo
bwoah iipol-bh
a:-5, b:-3, h:-4, v:-8, i:-4, l:-3, w:-4, t:-3,
ah: 3, aw: 1, rw: 1, wa: 2, wr: 1,
8 Let catastrophe come upon him unknown to him,
and let his net which he buried catch him.
In catastrophe, he will fall in it.
cv ibowu vikpru ikdiv wmki ryti
ilbwu-bowt uclimh
hmgdilim ylii
b:-3, v:-8, k:-3, i:-12, l:-4, m:-4, w:-4,
bw: 3, lm: 2, hm: 1, mh: 1,
26 Let them be ashamed and disappointed together who are glad in my hurt.
Let them be clothed in shame and humiliation,
who magnify themselves above me.

cb al-tyzbni ihvh
alohii al-trkq mmni
a:-3, h:-3, i:-5, l:-3,
al: 3,
22 Do not forsake me Yahweh.
My God, do not be distant from me.
b amrti awmrh drcii mk'toa blwoni
awmrh lpi mksom
byod rwy lngdi
a:-4, d:-3, v:-4, i:-6, l:-3, m:-6, r:-5, w:-4,
aw: 2, mk: 2, mr: 3, rh: 2, wm: 3,
2 I said I will keep my ways from sin with my tongue.
I will keep my mouth muzzled,
while a wicked one is before me.
v rbot ywit ath ihvh alohii nplaotiç umkwbotiç alinu
ain yroç aliç agidh vadbrh
yxmu mspr
a:-8, b:-3, h:-6, v:-10, i:-10, c:-4, l:-4, m:-3, n:-3, y:-3, r:-4, t:-5,
al: 3, at: 2, br: 1, bt: 2, la: 1, rb: 1, tc: 2,
6 Many things you have done, you Yahweh, my God, your wonders and your devices for us.
(There is nothing to arrange for you.) I will announce them and I will speak.
They are too numerous to count.

ia xdqtç la-cisiti btoç libi amuntç utwuytç amrti
la-cikdti ksdç vamitç lqhl rb
a:-5, b:-3, d:-3, v:-5, i:-9, c:-8, l:-5, m:-3, t:-9,
am: 3, la: 2, tc: 5, tw: 1, wt: 1,
11 Your righteousness I did not cover within my heart. Of your faithfulness and your salvation I have talked.
I have not concealed your mercy and your truth in the congregation of the many.

'tz iwomu yl-yqb bowtm
haomrim li hak hak
a:-3, h:-3, v:-4, i:-3, m:-4,
ak: 2, ha: 3, mr: 1, rm: 1,
16 Let them be desolate foot firmly planted in their shame,
those saying to me, Aha! aha!

b caiil tyrog yl-apiqi-mim
cn npwi tyrog aliç alohim
a:-4, v:-3, i:-8, c:-3, l:-4, m:-3, y:-3,
al: 3, rg: 2, ty: 2, yr: 2,
2 As a hart yearns over a watercourse,
so my being yearns for you, O God.
g xmah npwi lalohim lal ki mtii aboa
vairah pni alohim
a:-8, h:-4, v:-4, i:-8, l:-5, m:-4,
ab: 1, ah: 2, al: 3, ar: 1, ba: 1, hm: 2, la: 2, lh: 2, np: 1, pn: 1, ra: 1,
3 My being thirsts for God, for the living One.
When will I go and see the presence of God?

d vaboah al-mzbk alohim al-al wmkt gili
vaodç bcinor alohim alohii
a:-9, b:-3, h:-4, v:-8, i:-7, l:-7, m:-4,
ab: 1, al: 6, ba: 1, hm: 2, lh: 3,
4 And I will go to the altar of God, to the One who is the gladness of my rejoicing.
And I will thank you on the harp, God my God.

id twimnu krph lwcninu
lyg vqls lsbibotinu
v:-5, i:-4, l:-4, n:-4,
lw: 3,
14 You set us up as a reproach to our neighbours,
derision and ridicule to those around us.
h vhdrç xlk rcb yl-dbr-amt vynvvh-xdq
vtorç noraot iminç
d:-3, v:-8, c:-4, n:-3, r:-5, t:-3,
rc: 3,
5 And let your honour prosper. Ride upon the matter of truth, and gentleness of righteousness,
and let your right hand instruct you in fearful things.
ia hrpu udyu ci-anoci alohim
arum bgoiim arum barx
a:-5, v:-8, i:-5, m:-4, r:-4,
ar: 3, rm: 2,
11 Desist and set down this: I am God.
I will be high in the nations. I will be high in the earth.
i ndibi ymim naspu ym alohi abrhm
ci lalohim mgini-arx maod nylh
a:-6, h:-4, v:-4, i:-8, l:-4, m:-7, n:-4, y:-3,
al: 2, hm: 2, la: 1, lh: 3, ym: 2,
10 The princes of the peoples are gathered, the people of the God of Abraham,
for the shields of earth belong to God, supremacy ascended.
't cawr wmynu cn rainu byir-ihvh xbaot byir alohinu
alohim iconnha yd-yolm slh
a:-6, b:-3, h:-6, v:-9, i:-7, c:-3, l:-4, m:-3, n:-6, y:-5, r:-4,
al: 2, by: 2, cn: 2, hn: 1, lh: 3, nh: 1, yr: 2,
9 As we have heard rightly we will see in the city of Yahweh of Hosts,
in the city of our God. God will establish it for evermore. Selah.
g gm-bni adm gm-bni-aiw
ikd ywir vabion
a:-3, b:-3, i:-6, m:-3, n:-3,
bn: 3, gm: 2,
3 Hey! children of humanity, ho! children, each one of you,
together, rich or needy,

k ak la-pdh ipdh aiw
la-iitn lalohim copro
a:-5, h:-3, v:-3, i:-5, l:-4, p:-3,
al: 1, dh: 2, la: 3, pd: 2,
8 A sibling's ransom can no one of you ransom,
nor give to God the cover-price.

ib qrbm btimo lyolm mwcnotm ldor vdor
qrau bwmotm yli admot
b:-3, d:-3, v:-9, l:-4, m:-8, r:-4, t:-4,
dr: 2, ly: 1, mt: 2, mw: 1, qr: 2, tm: 3, wm: 1, yl: 2,
12 As far as they are concerned, their houses are forever, their dwellings from generation to generation.

They call dust-bowls by their names.
z wmyh ymi vadbrh iwral vayidh bç
alohim alohiç anoci
a:-6, h:-5, v:-5, i:-6, c:-3, l:-3, m:-3, y:-3,
al: 3, lh: 2, my: 1, ym: 1,
7 Hear, O my people, and I will speak, O Israel, and I will witness in you.
I am God your God.

b bboa-aliv ntn hnbia
cawr-ba al-bt-wby
a:-6, b:-6, n:-3,
al: 2, ba: 3, nt: 1, tn: 1,
2 when Nathan the prophet came to him,
as he had come to Bathsheva.
ca az tkpox zbki-xdq yolh vclil
az iylu yl-mzbkç prim
v:-4, z:-4, k:-3, i:-4, l:-5, y:-3,
az: 2, bk: 2, yl: 3, zb: 2,
21 Then you will delight in offerings of righteousness, burnt offering and whole offering.
Then they will offer up young bulls on your altar.
v wm pkdu pkd la-hih-pkd
ci-alohim pizr yxmot konç
hbiwot ci-alohim masm
a:-4, d:-3, h:-5, v:-6, k:-4, i:-7, c:-3, l:-3, m:-6, p:-4,
al: 2, hm: 2, kd: 3, la: 1, lh: 2, pk: 3, wm: 2,
6 There they dread dread where dread is not there,
because God scattered the bones of those armed against you.
You shamed them, because God refused them.
z mi iitn mxion iwuyot iwral
bwub alohim wbut ymo
igl iyqob iwmk iwral
a:-3, b:-4, v:-8, i:-11, l:-4, m:-5, y:-3, w:-6, t:-3,
al: 3, bw: 1, ra: 2, wb: 2, wr: 2,
7 When will the salvation of Israel be given from Zion?
When God turns the captivity of his people,
Jacob will rejoice. Israel will be glad.
cg hwlç yl-ihvh ihbç vhua iclclç
la-iitn lyolm mo't lxdiq
h:-5, v:-5, i:-6, c:-5, l:-8,
cl: 2, lc: 3, ly: 1, yl: 2,
23 Cast your care on Yahweh and he himself will nourish you.
He will never let a righteous one be moved.
d iwlk mwmiim viowiyni kirf woapi slh
iwlk alohim ksdo vamito
a:-3, v:-7, k:-4, i:-11, l:-4, m:-5, w:-5,
lh: 2, lk: 2, mw: 1, wl: 3, wm: 1,
4 He will send from heaven and will save me. He reproached the one bearing down on me. Selah.
God will send his kindness and his truth.
't yurh cbodi yurh hnbl vcinor ayirh wkr h:-4, v:-5, i:-3, y:-3, r:-5,
rh: 3, yr: 3,
9 Be roused my glory. Be roused O lute and harp. I will rouse the dawn.

h kmt-lmo cdmut kmt-nkw
cmo-ptn kirw ia'tm aozno
v:-5, k:-4, m:-6, n:-3, t:-4,
km: 2, mt: 3, tm: 1,
5 Their heat is akin to the heat of a snake.
As the deaf adder plugs his ear,
i b'trm ibinu siroticm a'td
cmo-ki cmo-kron iwyrnu
v:-6, i:-6, c:-3, m:-4, n:-3, r:-4,
cm: 3, rt: 1, rn: 2, tr: 1,
10 Ere your garden-pots discern a brierpatch,
like life, like burning, he will sweep him away.
v vath ihvh-alohim xbaot alohi iwral hqixh lpqod cl-hgoiim
al-tkon cl-bogdi avvn slh
a:-7, h:-9, v:-11, i:-8, l:-8, t:-3,
al: 4, at: 2, cl: 2, lh: 3,
6 But you Yahweh, God of hosts, the God of Israel, awaken to visit all the nations.
Do not be gracious to all those treacherous in mischief. Selah.
ik yuzi aliç azmrh
ci-alohim mwgbi alohi ksdi
a:-4, h:-3, v:-3, i:-7, l:-3, m:-3,
al: 3, lh: 2,
18 O my Strength, to you I will sing a psalm,
for God is my retreat, the God of my kindness.
b bhxoto at arm nhriim vat-arm xobh
viwb ioab viç at-adom bgia-mlk
wnim ywr alf
a:-9, b:-5, h:-3, v:-8, i:-7, m:-6, r:-4, w:-3, t:-4,
ar: 2, at: 3, bh: 2, rm: 3,
2 in his struggle with the Aramaeans of the two rivers and the Aramaeans of Zobah,
when Joab returned and struck Edom in the salt gorge,
twelve thousand.

i moab sir rkxi yl-adom awliç nyli
ylii plwt htroyyi
a:-3, v:-3, i:-7, l:-5, y:-5, r:-3,
lw: 1, wl: 1, yl: 3,
10 Moab my washpot, on Edom I will fling my sandal.
To me Philistia, be jubilant.

ia al-tb'tku byowq ubgzl al-thblu
kil ci-inub
al-twitu lb
a:-3, b:-6, v:-6, i:-4, l:-7, t:-4,
al: 3, bl: 1, bt: 1, tb: 1, lb: 1, tw: 1, wt: 1,
11 Do not trust in oppression or in robbery. Do not become futile.
If wealth profits,
do not set your heart on it.
z ikpwu yolot tmnu kpw mkupw
vqrb aiw vlb ymoq
v:-8, k:-3, m:-3, p:-3, w:-4,
kp: 3, pw: 3,
7 They plan injustice. They complete a master plan,
of the inner person and inscrutable heart.

i pqdt harx vtwoqqha rbt tywrnh plg alohim mla mim
tcin dgnm ci-cn tcinha
a:-5, h:-5, v:-3, i:-5, c:-4, l:-3, m:-5, n:-5, q:-3, r:-3, t:-6,
al: 1, cn: 3, ha: 3, la: 1, nh: 2, tc: 2,
10 You visit the earth and make it bountiful, exceedingly you made it rich. The stream of God is full of water.
You prepare their grain, for so you prepare for her.

h lcu urau mpylot alohim
nora ylilh yl-bni adm
a:-4, v:-6, i:-3, l:-6, m:-3, y:-3,
lh: 2, ra: 2, yl: 3,
5 Walk about and see the works of God,
a fearful prodigality, above the children of humanity.
ib hrcbt anow lrawnu
banu-baw ubmim
vtoxianu lrvvih
a:-5, b:-4, v:-9, i:-3, n:-4, r:-3, w:-3,
an: 3, aw: 2, ba: 2, hr: 1, nw: 1, rh: 1, wn: 1,
12 You made a mortal ride over our heads.
You conduct us through the fire and through the water,
but you have brought us out to saturation.

h iwmku virnnu laumim
ci-twpo't ymim miwor
ulaumim barx tnkm slh
a:-3, v:-8, i:-7, l:-3, m:-9, n:-3, r:-3, w:-3,
am: 2, mm: 3, mk: 1, km: 1, la: 2, mw: 1, wm: 1,
5 Make tribes glad and shout for joy,
for you judge peoples with equity,
and tribes on the earth, you guide them. Selah.
z arx ntnh ibulh
ibrcnu alohim alohinu
a:-3, h:-4, v:-5, i:-4, l:-3, n:-4,
al: 2, hn: 1, lh: 3, nh: 1, nt: 1, tn: 1,
7 Earth has given her produce.
God our God will bless us.
z alohim mowib ikidim bith moxia asirim bcowrot
aç sorrim wcnu xkikh
a:-4, b:-3, h:-3, v:-7, k:-3, i:-11, c:-3, m:-6, r:-4, w:-3,
cw: 1, rm: 2, wc: 1, wr: 3,
7 God seating the solitary in a household, bringing out prisoners into success.
Surely the rebellious will dwell in a scorched place.

't arx rywh af-wmiim n'tpu mpni alohim
zh sinii
mpni alohim alohi iwral
a:-6, h:-5, v:-4, i:-11, l:-4, m:-6, n:-4, p:-3, r:-3, w:-3,
al: 4, ar: 1, mp: 2, hm: 2, lh: 3, pn: 2, ra: 1,
9 earth quaked, also the heavens dropped from the presence of God,
(that is Sinai),
from the presence of God, the God of Israel.
ia kitç iwbu-bh
tcin b'tobtç lyni alohim
b:-4, v:-3, i:-5, c:-3, t:-3,
bt: 2, tb: 1, tc: 3,
11 Those you gave life sit there.
You will establish your goodness for the poor, O God.

ch rau hlicotiç alohim
hlicot ali mlci bqodw
a:-3, h:-3, v:-5, i:-6, c:-4, l:-5,
al: 2, ct: 2, hl: 2, lc: 3, lh: 1, tc: 1,
25 They have seen your processions, O God,
the processions of my God, my king in the sanctuary.
ck wm bnimin xyir rodm wri ihudh rgmtm
wri zbulun wri nptli
v:-4, i:-8, m:-5, n:-4, r:-6, w:-4,
dh: 1, hd: 1, mn: 1, mt: 1, nm: 1, tm: 1, wr: 3,
28 There is diminutive Benjamin, ruler, the nobility of Judah their crowd,
the nobility of Zebulun, the nobility of Naphtali.
l mhiclç yl-iruwlim
lç iobilu mlcim wi
v:-3, i:-7, c:-4, l:-6, m:-4,
cl: 1, lm: 1, lc: 3, ml: 1,
30 Out of your temple at Jerusalem,
to you kings will convey tribute.
h rbu mwyrot rawi wonaii kinm
yxmu mxmitii aoibii wqr
awr la-gzlti az awib
a:-7, b:-3, v:-5, i:-12, m:-5, r:-5, w:-6, t:-3,
aw: 3, mx: 1, xm: 2,
5 More than the hairs of my head are those hating me for nothing,
numerous those who would annihilate me, my enemies false.
What I did not ravage, must I return?

'tz al-tw'tpni wibolt mim val-tblyni mxulh
val-ta'tr-ylii bar pih
a:-5, b:-3, v:-4, i:-7, l:-7, m:-3, t:-4,
al: 3, at: 1, bl: 2, ly: 1, ta: 1, tw: 1, wt: 1, yl: 1,
16 Do not let floods of waters overflow me and do not let depth swallow me.
And do not let a well close her mouth on me.
cd tkwcnh yinihm mraot
umotnihm tmid hmyd
h:-4, v:-3, i:-4, m:-6, n:-3, t:-4,
hm: 3, mt: 1, nh: 3, tm: 1,
24 Let their eyes be darkened from seeing,
and their loins continually unstable.

d iwubu yl-yqb bowtm
haomrim hak hak
a:-3, b:-3, h:-3, v:-4, m:-3,
ak: 2, bw: 1, ha: 3, mr: 1, rm: 1, wb: 1,
4 Let them turn, foot firmly planted in their shame,
those saying, Aha! aha!
ib alohim al-trkq mmni
alohii lyzrti kuwh
a:-3, h:-3, v:-3, i:-5, l:-4, m:-3,
al: 3, rt: 1, lh: 2, tr: 1,
12 O God do not be distant from me,
My God to my help hurry.
i mlci trwiw vaiim mnkh iwibu
mlci wba usba awcr iqribu
a:-4, b:-4, v:-4, i:-9, c:-3, m:-4, r:-3, w:-5,
ba: 2, lc: 2, ml: 2, wb: 3,
10 Kings of Tarshish and the coasts will return with a gift.
Kings of Sheba and Seba with wages will come near.
iz ihi wmo lyolm lpni-wmw iinon wmo vitbrcu bo
cl-goiim iawruhu
v:-10, i:-9, l:-4, m:-5, n:-3, w:-5,
ly: 1, mw: 1, wm: 3, yl: 1,
17 His name will be forever. His name will propagate in the presence of the sun, and they will bless themselves in him.
All nations will call him happy.

ik bruç ihvh alohim alohi iwral
yowh nplaot lbdo
a:-4, h:-5, v:-7, i:-4, l:-5,
al: 3, la: 1, lh: 2,
18 Bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel,
doing wonders he alone.
k imiqu vidbru bry yowq
mmrom idbru
b:-3, v:-6, i:-4, m:-4, r:-4,
br: 3, db: 2, mr: 1, rm: 1,
8 They mock and speak in oppressive evil.
From on high they speak.
'tv ath bqyt myiin vnkl
ath hobwt nhrot aitn
a:-3, h:-4, v:-3, i:-3, n:-4, t:-6,
at: 3, th: 2,
15 You yourself split spring and torrent.
You yourself dried up the perennial rivers.
z ci la mmoxa ummyrb
vla mmdbr hrim
a:-3, v:-3, m:-7, r:-3,
br: 1, mm: 3, la: 2, rb: 1,
7 For not from the going forth or from the setting,
nor from the wilderness, is exaltation.
i bqum-lmwp't alohim
lhowiy cl-ynvvi-arx slh
h:-3, v:-5, i:-3, l:-5, m:-3,
lh: 3,
10 When God arose to judgment,
to save all the afflicted of the earth. Selah.

id alohim bqodw drcç
mi-al gdol calohim
a:-3, d:-3, v:-4, i:-3, c:-3, l:-4, m:-3,
al: 3, hm: 2, lh: 2,
14 God in holiness is your way.
Who is a god as great as God?
c bim drcç uwbilç bmim rbim
vyiqbotiç la nodyu
b:-5, v:-5, i:-6, c:-4, m:-4,
bm: 3,
20 In the sea is your way, and your wake in abundant waters,
and your footprints were not known.
k vla ihiu cabotm dor sorr umorh
dor la-hcin libo
vla-namnh at-al ruko
a:-7, h:-4, v:-12, i:-4, l:-5, m:-3, n:-3, r:-6,
al: 1, dr: 2, la: 3,
8 and not become like their ancestors, a rebellious and provocative generation,
a generation not preparing its heart,
and whose spirit did not believe God.

la vaf alohim ylh bhm vihrog bmwmnihm
ubkuri iwral hcriy
a:-3, b:-3, h:-6, v:-6, i:-6, l:-3, m:-5, r:-4,
al: 2, hm: 3, lh: 2, mw: 1, wm: 1,
31 and the anger of God ascended in them, and slew among their stoutest,
and the chosen of Israel were bowed down.
lh vizcru ci-alohim xurm
val ylion goalm
a:-3, v:-7, i:-4, l:-4, m:-3,
al: 3,
35 And they remembered for God is their rock,
and God the Most High their redeemer.
d hiinu krph lwcninu
lyg vqls lsbibotinu
v:-5, i:-5, l:-4, n:-4,
lw: 3,
4 We have become a reproach to our neighbours,
derision and ridicule to those around us.
i la-ihih bç al zr
vla twtkvvh lal ncr
a:-4, h:-3, v:-3, l:-5,
al: 2, la: 3, tw: 1, wt: 1,
10 There will not be among you a strange god,
and you will not worship an alien god.
a mzmor lasf
alohim nixb bydt-al
bqrb alohim iwpo't
a:-4, b:-4, v:-4, i:-4, l:-4, m:-4,
al: 3, hm: 2, la: 1, lh: 2, mz: 1, zm: 1,
1 A psalm of Asaph.
God takes a stand in the divine assembly,
in the close combat of gods he judges.
k gbl vymon vymlq
plwt ym-iowbi xor
v:-5, l:-3, m:-3, y:-3,
ym: 3,
8 Gebal and Ammon and Amalek,
Philistines with those sitting in Tyre.
k ilcu mkil al-kil
iirah al-alohim bxion
a:-4, v:-3, i:-7, l:-6,
al: 3, kl: 2,
8 They will walk on from wealth to wealth,
and will appear to God in Zion.

't ihvh alohim xbaot wmyh tpilti
hazinh alohi iyqob slh
a:-4, h:-8, v:-5, i:-7, l:-4, t:-3,
al: 2, lh: 3,
9 Yahweh God of hosts, hear my prayer.
Give ear God of Jacob. Selah.
i ci-gdol ath vyowh nplaot
ath alohim lbdç
a:-4, h:-4, v:-5, l:-4, t:-3,
al: 1, at: 3, th: 2, la: 1,
10 For you are great and do wonders,
you O God, you alone.

i ath mowl bgaut him
bwoa gliv ath twbkm
a:-4, b:-3, h:-3, v:-4, m:-3, w:-3, t:-4,
at: 3, bw: 1, th: 2, wb: 1,
10 You yourself govern over the pride of the sea.
When its waves gloat, you yourself soothe them.
i imi-wnotinu bhm wbyim wnh vam bgburot wmonim wnh vrohbm yml vavvn
ci-gz kiw vnyuph
b:-5, h:-5, v:-13, i:-7, m:-8, n:-7, y:-3, w:-6,
bg: 1, bh: 1, gb: 1, hb: 1, mn: 1, nh: 2, nm: 1, nt: 1, tn: 1, wn: 3, ym: 2,
10 The days of our years, in them a seventy year span, and if valiant, an eighty year span, but their boldness is toil and mischief,
for they scurry past, and we fly away.
iz vihi noym adonii alohinu ylinu
umywh idinu connh ylinu
umywh idinu connhu
d:-3, h:-6, v:-14, i:-11, l:-3, m:-3, n:-11, y:-5,
cn: 2, dn: 3, hn: 1, my: 2, nh: 2, wh: 2, yl: 2, ym: 1, yw: 2,
17 And let the pleasure of the Lord our God be upon us,
and the deed of our hands establish upon us,
and the deed of our hands establish.
d yli-ywor vyli-nbl
yli higion bcinor
v:-4, i:-6, l:-4, n:-3, y:-4,
yl: 3,
4 on ten-strings and on a lute,
on meditation with a harp.

i ci hnh aoibiç ihvh ci-hnh aoibiç iabdu
itprdu cl-poyli avvn
a:-4, b:-3, h:-6, v:-8, i:-10, c:-5, n:-3,
ab: 3, bc: 2, hn: 2, nh: 2,
10 For behold your enemies Yahweh, for behold your enemies will perish.
All workers of mischief will be separated.

g nwau nhrot ihvh nwau nhrot qolm
iwau nhrot dociim
a:-3, h:-5, v:-9, i:-4, n:-5, r:-3, w:-3, t:-3,
rt: 3, hr: 3, nh: 3, nw: 2, wa: 3,
3 The rivers have lifted up Yahweh. The rivers have lifted up their voice.
The rivers will lift up their crushing waves.
ib awri hgbr awr-tiisrnu ih
umtortç tlmdnu
v:-4, i:-4, r:-5, t:-4,
aw: 2, rt: 1, tr: 1, wr: 3,
12 Happy the valiant whom you chasten Yah,
and from your instruction you teach them.
'tz mi-iqum li ym-mryim
mi-itiixb li ym-poyli avvn
v:-4, i:-10, l:-3, m:-7, y:-4,
ym: 3,
16 Who will arise for me with the evildoers?
Who station themselves for me with the workers of mischief?
cg viwb ylihm at-aonm ubrytm ixmitm
ixmitm ihvh alohinu
a:-3, h:-4, v:-6, i:-8, m:-7, t:-4,
lh: 2, mt: 2, xm: 2, tm: 3,
23 And he will turn their mischief on them and in their evil, he will annihilate them.
He will annihilate them, Yahweh our God.
k al-tqwu lbbcm cmribh
ciom msh bmdbr
b:-5, c:-3, m:-5,
br: 1, cm: 3, rb: 1,
8 Do not harden your heart in contention,
as if it were the day of temptation in the wilderness,
a wiru lihvh wir kdw
wiru lihvh cl-harx
h:-5, v:-4, i:-5, l:-3, r:-4, w:-4,
lh: 2, wr: 3,
1 Sing to Yahweh a new song.
Sing to Yahweh all the earth.
ig lpni ihvh ci ba ci ba lwpo't harx
iwpo't-tbl bxdq
vymim bamunto
a:-4, b:-5, h:-3, v:-6, i:-6, l:-3, m:-3, p:-3,
ba: 3, pt: 2, wp: 2,
13 in the presence of Yahweh, for he comes, for he comes to judge the earth.
He will judge the world in righteousness,
and the peoples in his faithfulness.
d vyoz mlç mwp't ahb
ath connt miwrim
mwp't uxdqh biyqob ath ywit
a:-3, b:-3, h:-4, v:-5, i:-4, m:-5, y:-3, w:-4, t:-4,
at: 2, th: 2, mw: 3, pt: 2, wp: 2,
4 And the king's strength loves judgment.
You yourself establish uprightness.
Judgment and righteousness in Jacob, you yourself make.

't rommu ihvh alohinu vhwtkvu lhr qodwo
ci-qdow ihvh alohinu
h:-8, v:-14, i:-5, l:-3, w:-3,
al: 2, dw: 2, hn: 2, lh: 3, qd: 2,
9 Exalt Yahweh our God and worship at his holy hill,
for Yahweh our God is holy.
ib crkoq mzrk mmyrb
hrkiq mmnu at-pwyinu
v:-3, k:-3, m:-5, r:-4,
mm: 2, kq: 2, rk: 3,
12 As distant as sunrise is from evening,
so distant from us are our transgressions.

iz vksd ihvh myolm vyd-yolm yl-iraiv
vxdqto lbni bnim
d:-3, v:-8, i:-5, l:-4, m:-4, y:-4,
bn: 2, lm: 2, yl: 3,
17 But the kindness of Yahweh is from everlasting and unto everlasting to those who fear him,
and his righteousness to children's children,
't gbul-wmt bl-iyborun
bl-iwubun lcsot harx
b:-5, v:-6, l:-4,
bl: 3,
9 A border you set up that they will not pass through,
so they will not turn again to cover the earth.
lh viacl cl-ywb barxm
viacl pri admtm
a:-4, i:-3, c:-3, l:-3, m:-3,
ac: 2, cl: 3, mt: 1, tm: 1,
35 And they ate all the herbs in their land,
and they ate the fruit of their ground.

z abotinu bmxriim la-hwcilu nplaotiç la zcru at-rob ksdiç
vimru yl-im bim-suf
a:-5, b:-4, v:-9, i:-9, c:-4, l:-5, m:-5, r:-4, t:-3,
at: 2, bm: 2, mr: 1, la: 3, rm: 1,
7 Our ancestors in Egypt did not have insight into your wonders. They did not remember your many kindnesses,
but they were provocative over the sea, at that sea of reeds.
cg viamr lhwmidm
luli mwh bkiro ymd bprx lpniv
lhwib kmto mhwkit
b:-3, h:-4, v:-5, k:-3, i:-7, l:-5, m:-7, r:-3, w:-4,
hw: 3, dm: 1, lh: 2, md: 2, mw: 1, wh: 1, wm: 1,
23 And he promised to exterminate them,
unless Moses his chosen had stood in the breach in his presence,
to turn away his heat to destroy.
lk viwpcu dm nqi dm-bnihm ubnotihm awr zibku lyxbi cnyn
vtknf harx bdmim
b:-5, d:-3, h:-3, v:-6, i:-7, m:-6, n:-6,
bn: 2, dm: 3, hm: 2, nt: 2, ny: 1, yn: 1,
38 And poured out innocent blood, the blood of their sons and their daughters, which they offered to idols of Canaan,
and polluted the land with blood.
mz howiynu ihvh alohinu vqbxnu mn-hgoiim
lhodot lwm qodwç
lhwtbk bthiltç
b:-3, h:-8, v:-11, i:-6, l:-5, m:-3, n:-4, w:-4, t:-4,
hw: 2, bt: 1, tb: 1, hl: 1, lh: 3,
47 Save us Yahweh our God, and collect us from the nations,
to give thanks to your holy name,
to commend your praises.
g umarxot qibxm
mmzrk ummyrb
mxpon umim
v:-5, m:-9, x:-3, r:-3,
mm: 3, mx: 1, xm: 1,
3 and from lands collected them,
from the sunrise and from the sunset
from the treasured place and from the sea.

'tz ci-wibr dltot nkowt
ubriki brzl gidy
b:-3, v:-3, i:-5, r:-3, t:-3,
br: 3,
16 For he has broken the gateways of brass,
and bars of iron he has chopped.

i moab sir rkxi yl-adom awliç nyli
yli-plwt atroyy
a:-4, v:-3, i:-5, l:-5, y:-5, r:-3,
lw: 1, wl: 1, yl: 3,
10 Moab my washpot, on Edom I fling my sandal.
To me Philistia, I will be jubilant.
a hllu-ih hllu ybdi ihvh
hllu at-wm ihvh
h:-8, v:-5, i:-4, l:-6,
hl: 3,
1 Hallelu Yah. Praise servants of Yahweh.
Praise the name of Yahweh.
k lhowibi ym-ndibim
ym ndibi ymo
b:-3, i:-6, m:-4, y:-3,
db: 2, nd: 2, ym: 3,
8 to make him sit with princes,
with the princes of his people?
z idihm vla imiwun rglihm vla ihlcu
la-ihgu bgronm
a:-3, g:-3, h:-4, v:-6, i:-7, l:-5, m:-4,
gr: 1, hl: 1, hm: 2, la: 3, lh: 1, rg: 1,
7 Their hands and they feel not, their feet and they walk not,
nor do they mutter through their gullet.
k cmohm ihiu yowihm
col awr-bo'tk bhm
h:-4, v:-5, i:-3, m:-4,
hm: 3, mh: 1,
8 Like them their makers will become,
all who trust in them.

ib ihvh zcrnu ibrç
ibrç at-bit iwral
ibrç at-bit ahron
a:-4, b:-5, h:-3, v:-3, i:-7, c:-4, r:-6, t:-4,
at: 2, br: 3, bt: 2, cr: 1, rc: 3, rn: 2,
12 Yahweh remembers us - he will bless.
He will bless the house of Israel.
He will bless the house of Aaron.
id iosf ihvh ylicm
ylicm vyl-bnicm
v:-3, i:-5, c:-3, l:-3, m:-3, y:-3,
cm: 3, lc: 2, yl: 3,
14 Yahweh will add to you,
to you and to your children.

g appuni kbli-mvvt umxri waol mxauni
xrh vigon amxa
a:-5, v:-8, i:-5, m:-4, n:-3, x:-4,
mx: 3, xa: 2, xr: 2,
3 The pangs of death enveloped me and anguish of Sheol found me.
Trouble and sadness I find.
'tz anh ihvh ci-ani ybdç
ani-ybdç bn-amtç
pitkt lmosrii
a:-4, b:-3, h:-3, i:-7, c:-4, n:-4, t:-3,
an: 3, bd: 2, dc: 2, kt: 1, tk: 1, yb: 2,
16 Yahweh beseeching, for I myself am your servant,
I myself your servant and child of your maidservant.
You have loosed my bonds.
cg mat ihvh hiith zat
hia nplat byininu
a:-4, h:-5, i:-6, n:-3, t:-4,
at: 3, ht: 1, th: 1,
23 From Yahweh is this.
It is wonderful in our eyes.
ig bwptii siprti
col mwp'ti-piç
i:-6, p:-4,
pt: 2, wp: 3,
13 By my lips I have recounted,
all the judgments of your mouth.
lv h't-libi al-ydvotiç val al-bxy a:-3, v:-3, i:-3, l:-4,
al: 3,
36 Hearten me to your testimonies and not to extortion.
mk vawa-cpii al-mxvotiç awr ahbti vawikh bkuqiç a:-6, v:-5, i:-6, c:-3, w:-3,
aw: 3, wa: 1,
48 Wave my palms I will to your commandments, which I have loved and I will ponder on your statutes.
pa clth ltwuytç npwi
ldbrç iiklti
i:-4, c:-3, l:-4, t:-4,
lt: 3,
81 Faints my being for your salvation.
Of your word I have hoped.
qiz sydni vaivvwyh
vawyh bkuqiç tmid
v:-5, i:-4, y:-3,
aw: 2, wy: 3,
117 Sustain me and I will be saved,
and I will look to your statutes continually.
qck yl-cn cl-piqudi col iiwrti
cl-aork wqr wnati
v:-3, i:-6, c:-4, l:-4, r:-3, w:-3,
cl: 3,
128 Indeed all your precepts, all I find upright.
Every path of falsehood I hate.
qmg xr-umxoq mxauni
mxvotiç wywuyii
v:-6, i:-4, m:-3, x:-4,
mx: 3, wy: 2, yw: 1,
143 Strain and distress find me out.
Your commandments are my revel.
qyd tabti liwuytç ihvh
vtortç wywuyii
v:-5, i:-5, y:-3, w:-3, t:-5,
rt: 1, tc: 2, tr: 1, wy: 3, yw: 1,
174 To your salvation I have longed to come, Yahweh,
and your instruction is my revel.
g mh-iitn lç umh-iosif lç lwon rmiih h:-3, v:-3, i:-6, l:-3, m:-3,
lc: 2, mh: 3,
3 What gives with you or what next with you deceitful tongue?
v walu wlom iruwlim
iwliu aohbiiç
v:-5, i:-6, l:-4, w:-4,
lm: 2, wl: 3,
6 Ask peace for Jerusalem.
Those who love you will be at ease.
b hnh cyini ybdim al-id adonihm cyini wpkh al-id gbrth
cn yininu al-ihvh alohinu
yd wikonnu
a:-5, d:-5, h:-8, v:-7, i:-13, c:-3, l:-4, n:-10, y:-5,
al: 4, cy: 2, hn: 2, nh: 2, yn: 3,
2 Here! as the eyes of servants to the hand of their masters, as the eyes of a maid to the hand of her mistress,
so our eyes to Yahweh our God,
until he will be gracious to us.
h awri hgbr awr mila at-awpto mhm
la-ibowu
ci-idbru at-aoibim bwyr
a:-8, b:-5, v:-5, i:-7, m:-4, r:-5, w:-5, t:-3,
at: 2, aw: 3, br: 2, bw: 2, hm: 1, la: 2, mh: 1, wr: 2,
5 Happy the valiant who filled his quiver with them.
He will not be ashamed,
when he speaks with enemies at the gate.
k vla amru hyobrim brct-ihvh alicm
bircnu atcm bwm ihvh
a:-4, b:-4, h:-5, v:-6, i:-5, c:-4, m:-5, r:-4,
al: 1, br: 3, cm: 2, ct: 1, rc: 2, mr: 1, la: 1, rm: 1, tc: 1,
8 And those going by will not say, The blessing of Yahweh on you.
We bless you in the name of Yahweh.
v hnh-wmynuh baprth
mxanuh bwdi-iyr
h:-5, n:-3,
hn: 1, nh: 3,
6 Here! we heard of it in Ephrata,
and we have found it in the fields of the forest.
ib am-iwmru bniç briti vydoti zo almdm
gm-bnihm ydi-yd
iiwbu lcisa-lç
a:-3, b:-4, d:-4, v:-5, i:-10, c:-3, l:-3, m:-6, y:-3,
bn: 2, dm: 1, lc: 2, md: 1, yd: 3,
12 If your children will keep my covenant and my testimonies that I will teach them,
even their children for ever and ever.
will sit on your throne.

b cwmn h'tob yl-hraw iord yl-hzqn zqn-ahron
wiord yl-pi midotiv
d:-3, h:-4, v:-6, i:-5, l:-3, n:-4, y:-3, r:-4, w:-3,
hr: 2, qn: 2, rd: 2, yl: 3, zq: 2,
2 As the finest oil on the head running down on the beard, even Aaron's beard,
running down on the collar of his shirt.
a hllu-ih hllu at-wm ihvh
hllu ybdi ihvh
h:-8, v:-5, i:-4, l:-6,
hl: 3,
1 Hallelu Yah. Praise the name of Yahweh.
Praise O servants of Yahweh,
ia lsikon mlç hamori ulyog mlç hbwn
ulcol mmlcot cnyn
v:-7, c:-5, l:-7, m:-5, n:-4,
cl: 1, lc: 4, ml: 3, ny: 1, yn: 1,
11 So Sihon king of the Amorites, and so Og king of fruitful Bashan.
and so all the kings of Canaan,
ik cmohm ihiu yowihm
col awr-bo'tk bhm
h:-4, v:-5, i:-3, m:-4,
hm: 3, mh: 1,
18 Like them become those who make them,
all who trust in them.

iz lmch mlcim gdolim
ci lyolm ksdo
v:-3, i:-3, c:-3, l:-5, m:-5,
cm: 1, lm: 3, ly: 1, mc: 1, ml: 1, yl: 1,
17 and he struck great kings,
because forever is his kindness,
g ci wm walunu wobinu dbri-wir vtollinu wmkh
wiru lnu mwir xion
v:-10, i:-8, l:-4, m:-3, n:-5, r:-4, w:-7,
mw: 1, wm: 2, wr: 3,
3 For there our captors asked us the words of a song, and our tormentors mirth.
"Sing to us a song of Zion"
b awtkvvh al-hicl qodwç vaodh at-wmç yl-ksdç vyl-amitç
ci-hgdlt yl-cl-wmç amrtç
a:-6, d:-4, h:-4, v:-6, i:-3, c:-9, l:-7, m:-4, y:-3, w:-4, t:-5,
am: 2, cl: 2, dw: 1, mc: 2, tc: 2, wd: 1, wm: 2, yl: 3,
2 I will worship in your holy temple and give thanks to your name over your kindness, and over your truth,
for you magnify your promise over all your name.
ib gm-kowç la-ikwiç mmç
vlilh ciom iair
ckwich caorh
a:-3, h:-3, v:-4, k:-3, i:-7, c:-7, l:-3, m:-4, w:-3,
ar: 2, cm: 1, kw: 3, mc: 1, wc: 3,
12 even darkness is not darkness from you,
and night like day enlightens,
as darkness as light.
id aodç yl ci noraot npliti
nplaim mywiç
vnpwi iodyt maod
a:-4, d:-3, v:-6, i:-7, c:-3, l:-3, m:-3, n:-4, y:-3, p:-3, t:-3,
ad: 2, am: 1, ma: 1, np: 3, pl: 2,
14 I will thank you for fearfully I am reserved.
Wonderful your deeds,
as my self knows in full.
d al-t't-libi ldbr ry lhtyoll ylilot brwy at-aiwim poyli-avvn
ubl-alkm bmnymihm
a:-5, b:-5, v:-6, i:-7, l:-11, m:-5, y:-6, r:-3, t:-4,
al: 2, bl: 1, br: 2, hm: 1, lb: 1, mh: 1, yl: 3,
4 Do not bend my heart to a word of evil, wantonly wanton in wickedness with others, workers of mischief,
and let me not partake in their pleasures.

h hb't imin urah vain-li mcir
abd mnos mmni
ain dorw lnpwi
a:-4, v:-4, i:-8, m:-5, n:-6, r:-3,
an: 2, mn: 3,
5 Take note on the right and see. There is no one recognizing me.
Haven perished beyond me.
There is no one searching for my being.

't alohim wir kdw awirh lç
bnbl ywor azmrh-lç
a:-3, h:-3, i:-3, l:-4, r:-4, w:-4,
bn: 1, lc: 2, nb: 1, rh: 2, wr: 3,
9 O God, a new song I will sing to you.
On a ten-stringed lute I will sing a psalm to you.
ib awr bninu cn'tiyim mgudlim bnyurihm
bnotinu czvviiot
mku'tbot tbnit hicl
b:-5, v:-10, i:-10, c:-3, m:-5, n:-7, t:-5,
bn: 4, bt: 1, tb: 2, nt: 3, tn: 1,
12 that our sons may be as plants developed in their youth,
with our daughters as cornerstones,
dressed in the manner of a temple,
ig mzvvinu mlaim mpiqim mzn al-zn
xannu malipot mrubbot bkuxotinu
a:-4, b:-3, v:-10, z:-3, i:-6, l:-3, m:-8, n:-6, t:-3,
al: 2, am: 1, la: 1, zn: 3, ma: 1, mz: 2,
13 so our granaries are full furnished from kind to kind,
our sheep by thousands, to ten thousands in our streets,
id alupinu msublim
ain-prx vain ioxat
vain xvvkh brkobotinu
a:-5, b:-3, v:-11, i:-7, n:-5, x:-3,
an: 3,
14 our droves bearing burdens,
without breach without sally,
without complaint in our piazzas.
ig mlcutç mlcut cl-yolmim
ummwltç bcl-dor vdor
namn ihvh bdbriv
vksid bcol mywiv
b:-4, d:-4, v:-12, i:-5, c:-7, l:-7, m:-8, r:-3, t:-3,
bc: 2, bd: 1, cl: 3, ct: 2, db: 1, lm: 1, dr: 2, mm: 2, lc: 2, ml: 2, tc: 2,
13 Making your reign a reign for every era,
and your governance in all generations.
Note that faithful is Yahweh in his words,
and merciful in all his deeds.
ik qrob ihvh lcl-qoraiv
lcol awr iqrauhu bamt
a:-4, h:-3, v:-7, i:-3, l:-4, q:-3, r:-4,
cl: 2, lc: 2, qr: 3, ra: 2,
18 Quick is Yahweh to all calling him,
to all who call him in truth.

k hmcsh wmiim bybim hmcin larx m'tr
hmxmik hrim kxir
h:-5, i:-7, m:-9, x:-3, r:-4,
by: 1, hm: 3, mc: 2, mx: 1, rx: 1, xm: 1, xr: 1, yb: 1,
8 who covers the heavens with thick clouds, who prepares rain for the earth,
who makes grass grow on the hills,
a hllu-ih hllu at-ihvh mn-hwmiim
hlluhu bmromim
h:-8, v:-6, i:-5, l:-6, m:-6,
mm: 2, hl: 3, mr: 1, lh: 1, rm: 1,
1 Hallelu Yah. Praise Yahweh from the heavens.
Praise him on the high ground.
d hlluhu wmi hwmiim
vhmim awr myl hwmiim
h:-5, v:-3, i:-6, l:-3, m:-8, w:-4,
hw: 2, mm: 3, hl: 1, lh: 1, wm: 3,
4 Praise him the heaven of heavens,
and the waters which are above the heavens.

ig ihllu at-wm ihvh ci-nwgb wmo lbdo
hodo yl-arx vwmiim
h:-4, v:-7, i:-5, l:-4, m:-4, w:-4,
wm: 3,
13 Let them praise the name of Yahweh, for set on high is his name, his alone,
his splendour over earth and heaven.
a hllu-ih wiru lihvh wir kdw
thilto bqhl ksidim
h:-6, v:-4, i:-7, l:-5, w:-3,
dw: 1, hl: 3, lh: 1, wd: 1, wr: 2,
1 Hallelu Yah. Sing to Yahweh a new song.
His praise in the congregation of the-many who are under mercy.
a hllu-ih hllu-al bqodwo
hlluhu brqiy yuzo
h:-5, v:-8, l:-7,
hl: 3, lh: 1,
1 Hallelu Yah. Praise God in his holiness.
Praise him in the expanse of his strength.

Monday, 31 May 2021

Assonance in Psalms 7, verse by verse

This is an experiment. It has resulted in one immediate change to my translation. Priorities change for me when I see alliteration and there is enough in verse 3 to pay attention. npwi is much better as the concrete throat in this context (rather than the innocuous me). But the repeating letters and pairs in the rest of the Psalm did not suggest anything. A recurring root in one verse will result in several potential suggests of paired letters.

Psalms 7 is the subject of psalms blogging this week here.

thlim z Psalms 7
a wigion ldvid
awr-wr lihvh
yl-dbri-cuw bn-imini
d: 3, v: 4, i: 8, l: 3, n: 3, r: 3, w: 4,
wr: 2,
1 A reel of David,
who sang to Yahweh,
over the words of Cush of Benjamin,
b ihvh alohii bç ksiti
howiyni mcl-rodpii vhxilni
h: 5, v: 5, i: 11, l: 3,
2 Yahweh my God in you I take refuge.
Save me from all my persecutors and deliver me,
g pn-i'trof carih npwi
porq vain mxil
v: 3, i: 5, n: 3, p: 3, r: 3,
'tr: 1, np: 1, pn: 1, r't: 1,
3 lest he tear like a lion my throat,
rending apart and there is none to deliver.

d ihvh alohii am-ywiti zat
am-iw-yvvl bcpii
a: 4, h: 3, v: 4, i: 8,
am: 2,
4 Yahweh my God if I have done this,
if there is injustice in my palm,
h am-gmlti wolmi ry
vaklxh xorri riqm
v: 3, i: 4, l: 3, m: 4, r: 4,
lm: 1, ml: 1,
5 if I have paid back evil to one who is at peace with me,
then let me be gripped without cause by my adversary.
v irdof aoib npwi viwg virmos larx kii
ucbodi lypr iwcn slh
v: 7, i: 9, l: 3, r: 4, w: 3,
6 Let an enemy persecute me and overtake and trample my life on earth,
and make my glory to dwell in the dust. Selah.

z qumh ihvh bapç hinwa bybrot xorrii
vyurh alii mwp't xivvit
a: 3, b: 3, h: 5, v: 8, i: 8, r: 4,
by: 1, yb: 1,
7 Arise Yahweh, in your anger, be lifted up in the outbursts of my adversary,
and be aroused, my God, judgment you command.
k vydt laumim tsobbç
vylih lmrom wubh
b: 3, v: 6, l: 3, m: 4,
mr: 1, rm: 1,
8 And an assembly of tribes surround you,
so for her of the high ground return.
't ihvh idin ymim
wop'tni ihvh
cxdqi uctumi ylii
h: 4, v: 5, i: 10, m: 3,
9 Yahweh makes the case for the peoples.
Judge me Yahweh,
for my righteousness and for my completeness in me.
i igmor-na ry rwyim utconn xdiq
ubokn libot ucliot alohim xdiq
v: 9, i: 7, l: 3, m: 3, n: 4, r: 3, t: 3,
dq: 2, xd: 2,
10 May the evil of the wicked be obliterated and prepare a righteous one.
So testing hearts and vital centres is God, a righteous one.
ia mgini yl-alohim
mowiy iwri-lb
i: 6, l: 3, m: 3,
11 My shield is of God,
saving the upright of heart.
ib alohim wop't xdiq
val zoym bcl-iom
v: 5, i: 3, l: 3, m: 3,
al: 2, zy 1,
12 God judges a righteous one,
and God is indignant every day.

ig am-la iwub krbo il'tow
qwto drç viconnha
a: 3, v: 6, i: 3, w: 3,
13 If he will not turn he will hone his sword,
his bow he directs, and he will aim.
id vlo hcin cli-mvvt
kixiv ldolqim ipyl
v: 6, i: 6, l: 5,
dl: 1, ld: 1,
14 And for him he has prepared consuming means of death.
His arrows for those in hot pursuit he will draw.
'tv hnh ikbl-avvn
vhrh yml vild wqr
h: 4, v: 4, l: 3,
hn: 1, hr: 1, nh: 1, rh: 1,
15 Behold he pushes out mischief,
and he is big with toil and he gives birth to falsehood.
'tz bor crh vikprhu
viipol bwkt ipyl
v: 5, i: 4, p: 3, r: 3,
rh: 2,
16 A pit he digs and he excavates it,
and he miscarries into the destruction that he has worked.
iz iwub ymlo brawo
vyl qodqodo kmso iird
d: 3, v: 8, i: 3,
dq: 1, qd: 2,
17 He turns his toil in his head,
and onto his scalp his violence descends.
ik aodh ihvh cxdqo
vazmrh wm-ihvh ylion
h: 6, v: 6, i: 3,
18 I will give thanks to Yahweh for his righteousness,
and I will psalm the name of Yahweh on high.

Wednesday, 13 February 2019

More on the Song of Songs

The choice of words for an English writer is of course conditioned by the audience that the work may target. Adele Berlin drops the note that "dark is certainly a better word for American readers than black." I doubt this. But it shows me several parts of Alter's glossary of terms for his choices in English that I would like to consider.

Songs 1:5: Alter: I am dark but desirable

Berlin writes: “Dark” is certainly a better choice for American readers than “black,” because the reference is to sun-darkened skin, not to African ancestry.

Was this not written in Africa? Why should we think that it is not African? Niger sum sed pulchra. The black goes back a long way.

My version is: 
Black am I but lovely, O daughters of Jerusalem,
like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Shalmah.

The word for black is also the word for dawn and for rising early.
Kedar קדר is also wan, and I break my rules and use blackness for it in a few places.
Shalmah is the same stem as Solomon. This is one of many hints that all is not well concerning the king in the Song.

"Surprisingly, Alter does not follow the Hebrew word order." I agree with Adele Berlin on this point.
As she continues to note: "Most translations render na’vah as “lovely” or “beautiful.” In his commentary, Alter justifies “desirable” and uses it elsewhere (but not at Song of Songs 1:10 and 6:4, where he has “lovely”); but one wonders whether in this case he is also aiming for the alliteration in “dark” and “desirable.”"

I think alliteration is used in Hebrew. I have noted several instances in the Psalms. E.g. Psalm 73:10b וּמֵ֥י מָ֝לֵ֗א יִמָּ֥צוּ לָֽמוֹ. Note the repeated m's. In my rendering I managed one m and an l or two. "So! his people will return here, where they can be fully milked."

 And in the Song particularly, the foxes (shualim) are paired with the Shulamite woman.

Adele Berlin points out a half-dozen examples in Alter's translation. They raise questions for me. 
  • “cushion me with quinces” (2:5); Why did I separate apricot from quince? They are both the same word and same stem. This is the traditional apple. Perhaps no one is quite sure what tree it is. I could reduce the number of stems by 1 now that I have noticed, but it is scarcely significant. I have left obviously related stems separate on other occasions. I will also leave unresolved the uncertainty of the fruit. My rendering is 
Support me with raisins, outspread me with apricots,
for ah, I, I am writhing with love.
  • “peering . . . peeping” (2:9); My words are peering through the perforations, blossoming through the lattice
  •  “[i]ts posts . . . its padding . . . its curtains crimson” (3:9 [actually 10]); My version shows no particular alliteration. I am not sure where he gets curtains (ירע) from.
Its pillars he constructed of silver, its outspread of gold, its chariot purple,
its centre tessellated with love, daughters of Jerusalem.
  • “watchmen of the walls” (5:7); watchmen fits my rules. I used the keepers of the walls. 
  • “[l]ike Lebanon his look” (5:15); I have his appearance like Lebanon. The stem is ראה with a dominant sense of seeing. Appear, show are secondary senses depending on the word form.
  • “a fearsome flame” (8:6). I have Its fire-brands are fire-brands of fire, that are its flame. There is no fear in the text. 
I will end with Song 4:3:

Alter: Like a scarlet thread, your lips, / and your tongue—desire
NRSV: Your lips are like a crimson thread, / and your mouth is lovely.
Music: Like the thread of scarlet are your lips and your words lovely,
like a slice of the pomegranate your temple from within your headscarf.

We only have the first half of the verse from Alter as reported by Adele Berlin.
Song 4:3 Default mode using the deciphering key of Suzanne Haïk-Vantoura
Time will tell if Alter's translation will have the literary impact he desires. Altogether as I see so far, his work is going to be too free with its synonyms for my taste in translating. I wonder whether he is concerned about rendering two different stems by the same English gloss. I agree that the Hebrew corpus exhibits literary techniques under its own constraint of reporting multiple traditions. I think a translation must also accurately report to the reader of another tongue or other tradition. I would put accurate reporting as a priority over literary technique in the host language.

Friday, 21 December 2018

Alter vs Bob - round 1

I haven't seen Alter's translation - but I am sure I have been influenced by him since I have read some of his earlier work at least in part.

I worry about my literary prowess. Can a computational bible for the music compete with a literary one?

I see in the NYT an article on him with this rendering of Song 1:13: A sachet of myrrh is my lover to me,/all night between my breasts.

Mine is: An anguish of myrrh is my beloved to me. Between my breasts he will bide.

He leaves out the verb. He splits the verse with a pause when there is none (well there is a mordent or revia, but not an atnah) in the text. (The Song is marked from verses 9 to 17 by the haste of the music.)

We both manage some alliteration. His 'all night' is not in the text though the Hebrew word לון has assonance with 'night' ליל. I think that is really subtle, probably too subtle for an English reader. But I like the rationale for his decision.

Sunday, 1 January 2017

2 Kings 23

For one reason or another, this chapter proved difficult. I approached it and retreated several times even though it was 'on the top of my list' - i.e. about 58% automated when I began to look at it a few weeks ago.

To be blunt, the zeal of the young king is somewhat frightening. Today we would consider him culturally insensitive. All this pulverizing of images. And the summary word that is used of it is a word that so far I have rendered as one of two glosses: kindle, or brutalize. This root is more flexibly translated by others. At the moment, I don't see other possible homonyms. My decision may change if I find a convincing third set of uses of this root בער. But for now I have kept kindle, in that it fits better with the radical incineration already accomplished. Brute seems a rare option. This is the word of Psalm 2.
נַשְּׁקוּ־בַ֡ר פֶּן־יֶאֱנַ֤ף ׀ וְתֹ֬אבְדוּ דֶ֗רֶךְ כִּֽי־יִבְעַ֣ר כִּמְעַ֣ט אַפּ֑וֹ
אַ֝שְׁרֵ֗י כָּל־ח֥וֹסֵי בֽוֹ
Kiss, each of you - pure lest he be angry and you perish in the way,
for he kindles as a hint of his anger. Happy are all who take refuge in him.

The world, through the mediation of Pharaoh Neko seems to prevent the continuation of Josiah's reforms. I note that there is a lot concerning monetary and governance policy by the foreign ruler in this piece. Much more than one might see at a surface reading. Why does Pharaoh Neko do what he does and over how long a period? Similarly, did Josiah carry out his reforms single-handed or did he have brutal power at his command over the period of his rule from age 26 when 'the book' was discovered to his death 13 years or so later?

Impossible of course in translation to catch the alliteration of My name will be there. שׁמי שׁם, shemi sham.

The music for verses 32 and 37 are identical. The pattern occurs 59 times in the Bible of which 2 more are in the next chapter exactly where we might expect them (9, 19). The music is resigned to this refrain.

2 Kings 23 Fn Min Max Syll
וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ
וַיַּאַסְפ֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם
1 And the king sent,
and gathered to himself all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.
3e 4B 6
16
וַיַּ֣עַל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־יְהוָ֡ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָה֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אִתּ֗וֹ וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לְמִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל
וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית הַנִּמְצָ֖א בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה
2 And the king went up to the house of Yahweh, and everyone of Judah, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, from the youngest and to the greatest,
and he recited in their ears, all the words of the record of the covenant, that was found in the house of Yahweh.
3e 4B 46
22
וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַֽל־הָ֨עַמּ֜וּד וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִ֣ית ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לָלֶ֜כֶת אַחַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר מִצְוֺתָ֜יו וְאֶת־עֵדְוֺתָ֤יו וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתָיו֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֣ב וּבְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְהָקִ֗ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים עַל־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה
וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בַּבְּרִֽית
3 And the king stood by the pillar, and he cut the covenant in the presence of Yahweh, to walk following Yahweh, and to keep his commandments, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all heart and with all integrity, to raise up the words of this covenant that is written over this record.
And all the people in the covenant stood.
3e 4C 70
9
וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּהוּ֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַגָּד֜וֹל וְאֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֣י הַמִּשְׁנֶה֮ וְאֶת־שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַסַּף֒ לְהוֹצִיא֙ מֵהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֗ים הָֽעֲשׂוּיִם֙ לַבַּ֣עַל וְלָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֔ה וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם
וַֽיִּשְׂרְפֵ֞ם מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בְּשַׁדְמ֣וֹת קִדְר֔וֹן וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵֽל
4 And the king commanded Hilqiah the great priest and priests of the second order and those keeping the doorway, to bring forth from the temple of Yahweh all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the fetish, and for all the host of the heavens,
and he incinerated them outside of Jerusalem in the corn-blasts of Kidron and bore dust to Bethel.
3e 4C 63
24
וְהִשְׁבִּ֣ית אֶת־הַכְּמָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְקַטֵּ֤ר בַּבָּמוֹת֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְסִבֵּ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם
וְאֶת־הַֽמְקַטְּרִ֣ים לַבַּ֗עַל לַשֶּׁ֤מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֙חַ֙ וְלַמַּזָּל֔וֹת וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
5 And he put a stop to the ascetics that the kings of Judah assigned, and to burning incense on the high places of the cities of Judah and round about Jerusalem,
and to those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, or to the moon, or to the Zodiac, and to all the host of the heavens.
3e 4C 35
29
וַיֹּצֵ֣א אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָה֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יְהוָ֜ה מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛הּ בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֣דֶק לְעָפָ֑ר
וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֔הּ עַל־קֶ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם
6 And he brought out a fetish from the house of Yahweh, outside of Jerusalem to the wadi of the Kidron, and incinerated it in the wadi Kidron, and stamped out in the dust,
and he cast its dust over the tomb of the children of the people.
3d 4C 39
14
וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־בָּתֵּ֣י הַקְּדֵשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה
אֲשֶׁ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֗ים אֹרְג֥וֹת שָׁ֛ם בָּתִּ֖ים לָאֲשֵׁרָֽה
7 And he broke down the house of the holy prostitutes that were in the house of Yahweh,
where the women wove the housings for the fetish.
3d 4B 15
14
וַיָּבֵ֤א אֶת־כָּל־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ מֵעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְטַמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִטְּרוּ־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מִגֶּ֖בַע עַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע
וְנָתַ֞ץ אֶת־בָּמ֣וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֜תַח שַׁ֤עַר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שַׂר־הָעִ֔יר אֲשֶֽׁר־עַל־שְׂמֹ֥אול אִ֖ישׁ בְּשַׁ֥עַר הָעִֽיר
8 And he made all the priests from the cities of Judah come, and he defiled the high places where they burned incense, the priests from Geba to Beer-Sheva.
And he broke down the high places of the gates that were at the door of the gate of Joshua, the chief of the city, that are on everyone's left hand by the city gate.
3e 4C 39
34
אַ֗ךְ לֹ֤א יַֽעֲלוּ֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֶל־מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם
כִּ֛י אִם־אָכְל֥וּ מַצּ֖וֹת בְּת֥וֹךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם
9 ~ But the priests of the high places did not come up to the altar of Yahweh in Jerusalem,
but they ate the unleavened bread among their kin.
3d 4C 20
11
וְטִמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַתֹּ֔פֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגֵ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֑ם
לְבִלְתִּ֗י לְהַעֲבִ֨יר אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֧וֹ וְאֶת־בִּתּ֛וֹ בָּאֵ֖שׁ לַמֹּֽלֶךְ
10 And he defiled Timbrel that is in the gorge of the child of Hinnom,
that no person may make his son or his daughter pass through in the fire to Moloch.
3c 4B 14
20
וַיַּשְׁבֵּ֣ת אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֩ מַלְכֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֤ה לַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מִבֹּ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־לִשְׁכַּת֙ נְתַן־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַסָּרִ֔יס אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּפַּרְוָרִ֑ים
וְאֶת־מַרְכְּב֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ
11 And he put a stop to the horses that kings of Judah gave to the sun at the entrance of the house of Yahweh, to the chamber of Nathan Melek, the eunuch, that were in Parbar,
and the chariots of the sun he incinerated in the fire.
3e 4C 40
12
וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ
וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן
12 And the altars that were on the housetop of the upper room of Ahaz that the kings of Judah had made, and the altars that Manasseh made in the two courts of the house of Yahweh, the king broke off,
and he raced from there, and he cast away their dust into the wadi of the Kidron.
3d 4B 50
17
וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת ׀ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן
טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
13 And the high places that face Jerusalem, that are on the right hand of the hill of destruction, that Solomon king of Israel had built for Ashtaroth, the detestable of the Zidonians, and for Kemosh, the detestable of Moab, and to Milcom, the abomination of the children of Ammon,
the king defiled.
3e 4B 60
5
וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּב֔וֹת וַיִּכְרֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים
וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־מְקוֹמָ֖ם עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָֽם
14 And he shattered the monuments and he cut the fetishes,
and he filled their places with human bones.
3e 4A 16
11
וְגַ֨ם אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֜חַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל הַבָּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־נְבָט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֧חַ הַה֛וּא וְאֶת־הַבָּמָ֖ה נָתָ֑ץ
וַיִּשְׂרֹ֧ף אֶת־הַבָּמָ֛ה הֵדַ֥ק לְעָפָ֖ר וְשָׂרַ֥ף אֲשֵׁרָֽה
15 And moreover, the altar that was in Bethel, the high place that Jeroboam child of Nabat made, who made Israel to sin, moreover, that altar and the high place, he broke down,
and he incinerated the high place and stamped in the dust and he incinerated a fetish.
3c 4C 49
18
וַיִּ֣פֶן יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ וַיַּ֨רְא אֶת־הַקְּבָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָֽעֲצָמוֹת֙ מִן־הַקְּבָרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וַֽיְטַמְּאֵ֑הוּ
כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרָא֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֔א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה
16 And Josiah faced about and he saw the tombs that were there on the hill, and he sent and he took the bones from the tombs, and he incinerated on the altar, and defiled it,
according to the word of Yahweh that the man of God proclaimed who proclaimed these words.
3e 4C 45
24
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֚ה הַצִּיּ֣וּן הַלָּ֔ז אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֑ה
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעִ֗יר הַקֶּ֤בֶר אִישׁ־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א מִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתָ עַ֖ל הַמִּזְבַּ֥ח בֵּֽית־אֵֽל
17 And he said, What title is this that I, I see?
And those of the city said to him, The tomb of the man of God that had come from Judah, and he proclaimed these things which you have done on the altar of the house of God.
3e 4C 15
44
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַנִּ֣יחוּ ל֔וֹ אִ֖ישׁ אַל־יָנַ֣ע עַצְמֹתָ֑יו
וַֽיְמַלְּטוּ֙ עַצְמֹתָ֔יו אֵ֚ת עַצְמ֣וֹת הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖א מִשֹּׁמְרֽוֹן
18 And he said, Leave him. Let no-one disarrange his bones.
So his bones escaped, the bones of the prophet that had come from Samaria.
3e 4C 14
18
וְגַם֩ אֶת־כָּל־בָּתֵּ֨י הַבָּמ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְר֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְהַכְעִ֔יס הֵסִ֖יר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָהֶ֔ם כְּכָל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּבֵֽית־אֵֽל
19 And moreover, all the houses of the high places that the cities of Samaria that the kings of Israel had made for grievous behaviour, Josiah put aside,
and he did for them according to all the deeds that he did in Bethel.
3e 4C 34
18
וַ֠יִּזְבַּח אֶת־כָּל־כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַבָּמ֤וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ עַל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת וַיִּשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם
וַיָּ֖שָׁב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
20 ~ And he sacrificed all the priests of the high places there on the altars, and incinerated human bones on them.
And he returned to Jerusalem.
3d 4C 30
7
וַיְצַ֤ו הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲשׂ֣וּ פֶ֔סַח לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם
כַּכָּת֕וּב עַ֛ל סֵ֥פֶר הַבְּרִ֖ית הַזֶּֽה
21 And the king commanded all the people, saying, Do the Passover of Yahweh your God,
as it is written in the record of this covenant.
3d 4C 21
10
כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נַֽעֲשָׂה֙ כַּפֶּ֣סַח הַזֶּ֔ה מִימֵי֙ הַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁפְט֖וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
וְכֹ֗ל יְמֵ֛י מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה
22 B For there was not done like this Passover from the days of the judges who judged Israel,
and all the days of the kings of Israel or the kings of Judah.
3d 4C 23
15
כִּ֗י אִם־בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ
נַעֲשָׂ֞ה הַפֶּ֧סַח הַזֶּ֛ה לַיהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם
23 ~ But in the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah,
this Passover was done for Yahweh in Jerusalem.
3c 4C 16
14
וְגַ֣ם אֶת־הָאֹב֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַ֠יִּדְּעֹנִים וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּעֵ֖ר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ
לְ֠מַעַן הָקִ֞ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה
24 And moreover, the necromancers, and the wizards, and the healing images, and the figurines, and all the detestable things that have appeared in the land Judah and in Jerusalem, Josiah had kindled,
so that he may uphold the words of instruction that were written in the record that Hilqiah the priest found in the house of Yahweh.
3d 4C 51
32
וְכָמֹהוּ֩ לֹֽא־הָיָ֨ה לְפָנָ֜יו מֶ֗לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֤ב אֶל־יְהוָה֙ בְּכָל־לְבָב֤וֹ וּבְכָל־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ וּבְכָל־מְאֹד֔וֹ כְּכֹ֖ל תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה
וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹֽא־קָ֥ם כָּמֹֽהוּ
25 And like him there was not before him a king that has turned to Yahweh with all his heart, and with all his integrity, and with all his capacity, according to all the instruction of Moses,
and after him there did not arise his like.
3e 4C 37
9
אַ֣ךְ ׀ לֹֽא־שָׁ֣ב יְהוָ֗ה מֵחֲר֤וֹן אַפּוֹ֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־חָרָ֥ה אַפּ֖וֹ בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה
עַ֚ל כָּל־הַכְּעָסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִכְעִיס֖וֹ מְנַשֶּֽׁה
26 B But Yahweh did not turn from his fierce great anger which burned, his anger against Judah,
over all the grief with which Manasseh grieved him.
3e 4C 22
13
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה גַּ֤ם אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ אָסִיר֙ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲסִרֹ֖תִי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
וּ֠מָאַסְתִּי אֶת־הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֤את אֲשֶׁר־בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתִּי יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמִ֖י שָֽׁם
27 And Yahweh said, Moreover, Judah I will put aside out of my presence as I have put aside Israel,
and I will refuse this city which I have chosen, Jerusalem, and the house of which I had said, My name will be there.
3e 4C 27
34
וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה
הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה
28 And the remaining words of Josiah and all that he undertook,
are they not written in the record of the words of the days of the kings of Judah?
3d 4B 15
20
בְּיָמָ֡יו עָלָה֩ פַרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֛יִם עַל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר עַל־נְהַר־פְּרָ֑ת
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיְמִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּמְגִדּ֔וֹ כִּרְאֹת֖וֹ אֹתֽוֹ
29 In his days, Pharaoh Neko, the king of Egypt, came up against the king of Ashur over the river Euphrates,
and king Josiah went to encounter him, and he put him to death at Megiddo, when he saw him.
3c 4C 23
25
וַיַּרְכִּבֻ֨הוּ עֲבָדָ֥יו מֵת֙ מִמְּגִדּ֔וֹ וַיְבִאֻ֙הוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֖הוּ בִּקְבֻֽרָת֑וֹ
וַיִּקַּ֣ח עַם־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־יְהֽוֹאָחָז֙ בֶּן־יֹ֣אשִׁיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּמְשְׁח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ תַּ֥חַת אָבִֽיו
30 And his servants carried him by chariot, dead, from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and they entombed him in his tomb,
and the people of the land took Jehoahaz child of Josiah and anointed him, and made him king instead of his father.
3d 4B 29
33
בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם
וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ חֲמוּטַ֥ל בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה
31 A child of twenty three years was Jehoahaz when he began to reign, and three months he reigned in Jerusalem,
and the name of his mother was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah.
3e 4C 27
15
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה
כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו
32 And he did evil in the eyes of Yahweh,
according to everything that his ancestors had done.
3e 4B 10
9
וַיַּאַסְרֵהוּ֩ פַרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֤ה בְרִבְלָה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֔ת מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם
וַיִּתֶּן־עֹ֙נֶשׁ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאָ֥ה כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף וְכִכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב
33 And Pharaoh Neko bound him in Riblah in the land of Hamath that he might not be king in Jerusalem,
and he assigned a fine over the land, a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
3e 4C 23
20
וַיַּמְלֵךְ֩ פַּרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֜ה אֶת־אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ תַּ֚חַת יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֔יו וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים
וְאֶת־יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז לָקָ֔ח וַיָּבֹ֥א מִצְרַ֖יִם וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם
34 And Pharaoh Neko made Elyaqim child of Josiah king instead of Josiah his father, and he changed his name to Jehoiachim.
and took Jehoahaz and brought him to Egypt, and he died there.
3e 4C 34
17
וְהַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב נָתַ֤ן יְהוֹיָקִים֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֶעֱרִ֣יךְ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ לָתֵ֥ת אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף עַל־פִּ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה
אִ֣ישׁ כְּעֶרְכּ֗וֹ נָגַ֞שׂ אֶת־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב֙ אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ לָתֵ֖ת לְפַרְעֹ֥ה נְכֹֽה
35 And the silver and the gold Jehoiachim gave to Pharaoh but he rearranged the land to give the silver against the mandate of Pharaoh.
Each, according to his rearrangement, exacted the silver and the gold from the people of the land to give to Pharaoh Neko.
3e 4C 35
27
בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָ֨ה יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם
וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ זְבוּדָּ֥ה בַת־פְּדָיָ֖ה מִן־רוּמָֽה
36 A child of twenty five years was Jehoiachim when he began to reign, and eleven years he reigned in Jerusalem,
and the name of his mother was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedayah from Rumah.
3e 4C 28
14
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה
כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו
37 And he did evil in the eyes of Yahweh,
according to everything that his ancestors had done.
3e 4B 10
9