Showing posts with label Leviticus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Leviticus. Show all posts

Saturday, 21 January 2023

The Torah in Music according to the Haïk-Vantoura deciphering key

 No section of Scripture is sung more often than these five books. Yet few would sing them in this form. I have gone on with this deciphering key since 2010 when I first heard of it at the Oxford Conference on the Psalms. The tone of voice is restored with these melodies and the leitmotifs and connections of Scripture  with Scripture are rediscovered.

Genesis is here (brawit, as noted earlier this month).

And here is Exodus (wmot), Leviticus (viqra), Numbers (bmdbr), and Deuteronomy (dbrim).

I am convinced that the music will bear much study.

Wednesday, 20 March 2019

Vayikra

I have come across a number of posts this month on Leviticus 1:1. (e.g. the Velveteen Rabbi here.)

A point to note from the music.
Leviticus 1:1 showing the separation of verb (first word) from subject (5th word)
There is a great deal of detail on Rabbinic interpretations here (via Jim Davila). Particularly look at the last one, which shows the tetragram spelled out every 8th letter. It is not totally off the wall. A poet could do this.
וַיִּקְרָ֖א אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה
וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו מֵאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד לֵאמֹֽר

But I wondered if the music tells us anything. First, the verse starts on the tonic, so I would not automatically imagine that the subject of the first verb is necessarily in the prior chapter. But as one reads through it, and hears the implications of the permanence of the presence of glory, cloud, and fire in the sight of all Israel, it is not beyond grammatical imagination that the call has the indeterminate subject, cloud, glory, fire, of the prior 4 verses.

Exodus 40 Fn Min Max Syll
וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד כִּֽי־שָׁכַ֥ן עָלָ֖יו הֶעָנָ֑ן
וּכְב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן
35 And Moses could not enter into the tent of engagement because the cloud dwelt over it,
and the glory of Yahweh filled the dwelling-place.
3e 4B 19
10
וּבְהֵעָל֤וֹת הֶֽעָנָן֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יִסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
בְּכֹ֖ל מַסְעֵיהֶֽם
36 And when the cloud ascended above the dwelling-place, the children of Israel began to migrate,
in all their migrations.
3e 4C 19
5
וְאִם־לֹ֥א יֵעָלֶ֖ה הֶעָנָ֑ן
וְלֹ֣א יִסְע֔וּ עַד־י֖וֹם הֵעָלֹתֽוֹ
37 And if the cloud did not ascend,
then they did not migrate until the day of its ascent.
3e 4B 9
10
כִּי֩ עֲנַ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְאֵ֕שׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַ֖יְלָה בּ֑וֹ
לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־מַסְעֵיהֶֽם
38 Because the cloud of Yahweh was over the dwelling-place by day, and fire was on it by night,
in the sight of all the house of Israel, in all their migrations.
3e 4C 18
13
Moses could not enter the tent of engagement. This tent is described in detail in Exodus with respect to its plan and its construction. Then in Leviticus, it is the place of sacrifice. In Numbers the service in the tent is noted. Joshua is presented there in Deuteronomy. The pair of words אהל מועד appears rarely outside of the three middle books of Torah, Exodus (34), Leviticus (43), Numbers (56), twice in Deuteronomy, twice in Joshua, once in Samuel, once in Kings. 7 times in Chronicles.
The music of Exodus 40 verses 35-38

Thursday, 4 October 2018

Leviticus 26

It has been a long time since we did any Leviticus. (And I thought 6 months ago that we would soon finish it.) This section reads like the treaty of Deuteronomy 28, a summary of consequences. These trade agreements (and ancient treaties) really do prey on fears and desires. But note the reciprocal measures, also as if God operates in the human according as the human operates in the grace of the commandment. (Make no mistake, Pauline interpreters, there is a given prevenient grace here as much as anywhere else.)

The rhetoric of verse 10 is terse. JB and NIV both have wordy interpretations. Old store is interpreted as last year's harvest. And new as this year's harvest. But the explanation is prosaic. ישׁן is the harvest sleeping. I replaced the 3 uses (Deut 28, Prov 6 and 10) of the gloss store with stockpile for אגר to let old store and stored stand only for ישׁן in its sleepy metaphor.

Compromises are creeping into my rules! I see I have allowed עשה and נתן to share the gloss make. O well! Some rules were made to be broken in the last mile of a race. I can always go back and revisit them when I have finished the course. Not all rules are good for ever.

Verse 21 introduces a word used only in this chapter, קרי. I will keep it separate though it is derived from קרה.

Verse 26, מטה the branch of bread. The sense of departmentalization and system is already here in these ancient times. It is a subdivision that transcends the tribal units. Everybody has ovens, mills, flour, dough, and bread makers. I have separated this stem from the gloss staff which is also applied to שׁען. And separated these from the stem שׁבט, sceptre. All of these could easily (and do in other traditional renderings) merge into each other from the point of view of a symbol of rule. I wonder, when we are done, will my separation lead to the possibility of teasing out nuance in the Hebrew rather than mushing the words together. When we are going to have a foundation for say, historical theology, perhaps we should not have everything mushed together. We have plenty of trouble without starting with mush. What is worse than mush is the imposition of a theology say, of punishment, onto the text without any warrant in the text. I submit that the KJV has done just that, continuing a tradition from the Latin and probably the Greek as well.

I wrote that before I read verse 41 where punishment is introduced into the text and there is no word for it anywhere in the verse. It is not just that a half-dozen stems are sometimes rendered punish, but also that at least once punish is pulled out of thin air. This rank prejudice of the history of translation about God as punishing cannot have been good for the raising of children in any generation.

Leviticus 26 Fn Min Max Syll
לֹֽא־תַעֲשׂ֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם אֱלִילִ֗ם וּפֶ֤סֶל וּמַצֵּבָה֙ לֹֽא־תָקִ֣ימוּ לָכֶ֔ם וְאֶ֣בֶן מַשְׂכִּ֗ית לֹ֤א תִתְּנוּ֙ בְּאַרְצְכֶ֔ם לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת עָלֶ֑יהָ
כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם
1 You will not make for yourselves what is good for nothing or a graven image and a monument you will not place for yourselves, and an iconic stone you will not permit in your land to worship over it,
for I am Yahweh your God.
3d 4C 40
9
אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ וּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י תִּירָ֑אוּ
אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה
2 My Sabbaths you will keep and my Holiness you will fear.
I am Yahweh.
3e 4B 14
4
אִם־בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ
וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתַ֣י תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָֽם
3 If in my statutes you walk,
and my commandments you keep and do them,
3e 4B 8
14
וְנָתַתִּ֥י גִשְׁמֵיכֶ֖ם בְּעִתָּ֑ם
וְנָתְנָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְעֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִתֵּ֥ן פִּרְיֽוֹ
4 I will give showers in their time,
and the land will give her produce, and the tree of the field will give its fruit.
3e 4C 10
18
וְהִשִּׂ֨יג לָכֶ֥ם דַּ֙יִשׁ֙ אֶת־בָּצִ֔יר וּבָצִ֖יר יַשִּׂ֣יג אֶת־זָ֑רַע
וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לָבֶ֖טַח בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם
5 And your threshing will overtake grape-gathering, and grape-gathering will overtake seeding,
and you will eat your bread to satiation, and you will settle in trust in your land.
3e 4C 18
20
וְנָתַתִּ֤י שָׁלוֹם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּשְׁכַבְתֶּ֖ם וְאֵ֣ין מַחֲרִ֑יד
וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֞י חַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙ מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְחֶ֖רֶב לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם
6 And I will give peace in the land, and you will lie down and none will make you apprehensive.
And I will eradicate hurtful life from the land, and a sword will not pass through your land.
3e 4C 17
22
וּרְדַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם
וְנָפְל֥וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם לֶחָֽרֶב
7 And you will pursue your enemies,
and they will fall before you by the sword.
3e 4A 7
9
וְרָדְפ֨וּ מִכֶּ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ מֵאָ֔ה וּמֵאָ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם רְבָבָ֣ה יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ
וְנָפְל֧וּ אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם לֶחָֽרֶב
8 And five from you will pursue a hundred, one hundred from you will pursue ten thousand,
and your enemies will fall before you by the sword.
3c 4C 21
12
וּפָנִ֣יתִי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֖י אֶתְכֶ֑ם
וַהֲקִימֹתִ֥י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתְּכֶֽם
9 And I will show preference to you, and I will make you fruitful and will increase you,
and I will raise up my covenant with you.
3e 4B 19
11
וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם יָשָׁ֖ן נוֹשָׁ֑ן
וְיָשָׁ֕ן מִפְּנֵ֥י חָדָ֖שׁ תּוֹצִֽיאוּ
10 And you will eat the old store, stored,
and old store in the presence of the new, you will bring forth.
3e 4A 8
10
וְנָתַתִּ֥י מִשְׁכָּנִ֖י בְּתוֹכְכֶ֑ם
וְלֹֽא־תִגְעַ֥ל נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם
11 I will give my dwelling in your midst,
and my very self will not loathe you.
3e 4A 10
8
וְהִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים
וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֥י לְעָֽם
12 And I will walk in your midst and I will be your God.
And you will be my people.
3e 4B 17
8
אֲנִ֞י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֤אתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִֽהְיֹ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם עֲבָדִ֑ים
וָאֶשְׁבֹּר֙ מֹטֹ֣ת עֻלְּכֶ֔ם וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אֶתְכֶ֖ם קֽוֹמְמִיּֽוּת
13 I am Yahweh your God who brought out you from the land of Egypt, from being their slaves.
And I have shattered the crosspiece of your shackles, and led you, arisen.
3e 4C 27
15
וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י
וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמִּצְוֺ֖ת הָאֵֽלֶּה
14 But if you will not hear me,
and will not do all these commandments.
3e 4B 7
13
וְאִם־בְּחֻקֹּתַ֣י תִּמְאָ֔סוּ וְאִ֥ם אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י תִּגְעַ֣ל נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם
לְבִלְתִּ֤י עֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתַ֔י לְהַפְרְכֶ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי
15 But if my statutes you refuse, and if my judgments your very selves loathe,
so as not do all my commandments, to thwart my covenant,
3e 4C 20
18
אַף־אֲנִ֞י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־זֹּ֣את לָכֶ֗ם וְהִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁחֶ֣פֶת וְאֶת־הַקַּדַּ֔חַת מְכַלּ֥וֹת עֵינַ֖יִם וּמְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ
וּזְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָרִיק֙ זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וַאֲכָלֻ֖הוּ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם
16 Also I, I will do this for you. I will visit against you vexation, consumption, and delirium, to consume eyes and to sap integrity,
and you will sow empty your seed, and your enemies will eat it.
3e 4C 40
16
וְנָתַתִּ֤י פָנַי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְנִגַּפְתֶּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם
וְרָד֤וּ בָכֶם֙ שֹֽׂנְאֵיכֶ֔ם וְנַסְתֶּ֖ם וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֥ף אֶתְכֶֽם
17 I will position my face among you, and you will be plagued before your enemies.
And they who hate you will rule among you. And you will withdraw when there is no one pursuing you.
3e 4C 17
17
וְאִ֨ם־עַד־אֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י
וְיָסַפְתִּי֙ לְיַסְּרָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם
18 And if through these things you do not hear me,
then I will again chasten you seven times over your sins.
3e 4B 10
16
וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֑ם
וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־שְׁמֵיכֶם֙ כַּבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶֽת־אַרְצְכֶ֖ם כַּנְּחֻשָֽׁה
19 And I will break the pride of your strength,
and I will give your heavens as iron and your land as brass.
3e 4C 9
19
וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם
וְלֹֽא־תִתֵּ֤ן אַרְצְכֶם֙ אֶת־יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְעֵ֣ץ הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִתֵּ֖ן פִּרְיֽוֹ
20 And your power will be completely empty.
And your land will not yield her produce nor the tree of the land yield its fruit.
3e 4C 7
20
וְאִם־תֵּֽלְכ֤וּ עִמִּי֙ קֶ֔רִי וְלֹ֥א תֹאב֖וּ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ לִ֑י
וְיָסַפְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ מַכָּ֔ה שֶׁ֖בַע כְּחַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם
21 And if you walk contrary with me and you are not amenable to hear me,
then I will again strike against you seven times according to your sins.
3e 4C 16
16
וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֨י בָכֶ֜ם אֶת־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וְשִׁכְּלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִכְרִ֙יתָה֙ אֶת־בְּהֶמְתְּכֶ֔ם וְהִמְעִ֖יטָה אֶתְכֶ֑ם
וְנָשַׁ֖מּוּ דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם
22 And I will set loose among you the animals of the field, and they will bereave you, and cut off your cattle, and decrease you.
And your ways will be desolate.
3e 4C 32
7
וְאִ֨ם־בְּאֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑י
וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י קֶֽרִי
23 And if in these you will not be chastened for me,
and you will walk contrary with me,
3e 4A 10
8
וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־אֲנִ֛י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֑רִי
וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ גַּם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם
24 Then I myself also will walk with you in contrariness.
And I will strike you, even I, seven times, over your sins.
3c 4C 13
16
וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נְקַם־בְּרִ֔ית וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶל־עָרֵיכֶ֑ם
וְשִׁלַּ֤חְתִּי דֶ֙בֶר֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־אוֹיֵֽב
25 And I will bring against you a sword, to revenge the vengeance of a covenant, and when you are again at your cities,
then I will send pestilence in your midst, and you will be given into the hand of an enemy.
3e 4C 25
17
בְּשִׁבְרִ֣י לָכֶם֮ מַטֵּה־לֶחֶם֒ וְ֠אָפוּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְכֶם֙ בְּתַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד וְהֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְכֶ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל
וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּ
26 When I break your branch of bread, then ten women will bake your bread in one oven, and they will return your bread by weight.
And you will eat and you will not be satisfied.
3e 4C 34
9
וְאִ֨ם־בְּזֹ֔את לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י
וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי
27 But if in this you will not hear me,
and you will walk with me in contrariness,
3e 4A 9
9
וְהָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בַּחֲמַת־קֶ֑רִי
וְיִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אַף־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם
28 Then I will walk with you in the heat of contrariness.
And I will chasten you, indeed I, seven times over your sins.
3e 4C 12
16
וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם בְּשַׂ֣ר בְּנֵיכֶ֑ם
וּבְשַׂ֥ר בְּנֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ
29 And you will eat the flesh of your sons,
and the flesh of your daughters, you will eat.
3e 4B 9
9
וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם
וְגָעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם
30 And I will exterminate your high places, and I will cut off your sun-pillars, and I will consign your carcasses over the carcasses of your figurines,
and my very self will loathe you.
3e 4B 33
8
וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־עָֽרֵיכֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם
וְלֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּרֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם
31 And I will consign your cities to desert, and I will desolate your sanctuaries,
and I will not smell the restful fragrance.
3e 4C 20
12
וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ
וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בָּֽהּ
32 And I myself will desolate the land.
And your enemies, those settled in her, will be appalled over her.
3e 4C 11
13
וְאֶתְכֶם֙ אֱזָרֶ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב
וְהָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצְכֶם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְעָרֵיכֶ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ חָרְבָּֽה
33 And you, I will sift in the nations, and will bare after you a sword,
and your land will be desolate, and your cities will be desert.
3e 4C 20
17
אָז֩ תִּרְצֶ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ כֹּ֚ל יְמֵ֣י הֳשַׁמָּ֔ה וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם
אָ֚ז תִּשְׁבַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְצָ֖ת אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶֽיהָ
34 Then the land will accept her Sabbaths all the days of her desolation, and you, in the land of your enemies.
Then the land will keep sabbath and accept her Sabbaths.
3e 4C 26
14
כָּל־יְמֵ֥י הָשַּׁמָּ֖ה תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת
אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־שָׁבְתָ֛ה בְּשַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בְּשִׁבְתְּכֶ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ
35 All the days of her desolation she will keep sabbath,
though she kept no sabbath in your Sabbaths, when you inhabited over her.
3c 4B 8
18
וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֙רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם
וְרָדַ֣ף אֹתָ֗ם ק֚וֹל עָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֔ף וְנָס֧וּ מְנֻֽסַת־חֶ֛רֶב וְנָפְל֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין רֹדֵֽף
36 And those who are residue among you, I will bring a flustering into their heart in the lands of their enemies.
And the voice of a wind-blown leaf will pursue them, and they will withdraw as if withdrawing from a sword, and they will fall when there is no one pursuing.
3c 4C 22
25
וְכָשְׁל֧וּ אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֛יו כְּמִפְּנֵי־חֶ֖רֶב וְרֹדֵ֣ף אָ֑יִן
וְלֹא־תִֽהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם
37 And they will stumble, each over his kin, as before a sword, and there is no pursuit.
And there will be no place for you before your enemies.
3c 4C 16
14
וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם
וְאָכְלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם
38 And you will perish among the nations,
and the land of your enemies will devour you.
3e 4B 7
10
וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם יִמַּ֙קּוּ֙ בַּֽעֲוֺנָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם
וְאַ֛ף בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם אִתָּ֥ם יִמָּֽקּוּ
39 And the residue among you will rot in their iniquity in the land of your enemies,
and indeed in the iniquities of their ancestors with them, they will rot.
3d 4B 20
14
וְהִתְוַדּ֤וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָם֙ וְאֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בִ֑י
וְאַ֕ף אֲשֶׁר־הָֽלְכ֥וּ עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי
40 Then they will confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their ancestors, in their trespasses that they trespassed against me,
and indeed that they walked with me in contrariness.
3e 4C 25
11
אַף־אֲנִ֗י אֵלֵ֤ךְ עִמָּם֙ בְּקֶ֔רִי וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם בְּאֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם
אוֹ־אָ֣ז יִכָּנַ֗ע לְבָבָם֙ הֶֽעָרֵ֔ל וְאָ֖ז יִרְצ֥וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽם
41 Also I myself walked with them in contrariness, and I will bring them into the land of their enemies.
If then their fore-skinned heart be subdued, and then they accept their iniquity,
3e 4C 22
19
וְזָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֣י יַעֲק֑וֹב
וְאַף֩ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֨י יִצְחָ֜ק וְאַ֨ף אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶזְכֹּ֖ר וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר
42 Then I will remember my covenant with Jacob,
and also my covenant with Yitschaq, and also my covenant with Abraham I will remember, and the land, I will remember.
3c 4B 11
25
וְהָאָרֶץ֩ תֵּעָזֵ֨ב מֵהֶ֜ם וְתִ֣רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ בָּהְשַׁמָּה֙ מֵהֶ֔ם וְהֵ֖ם יִרְצ֣וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֑ם
יַ֣עַן וּבְיַ֔עַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֖י גָּעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשָֽׁם
43 And the land will be forsaken by them, and will accept her Sabbaths, in her desolation without them. And they, they will accept their iniquity,
because, and because, my judgments they refused, and their very selves loathed my statutes.
3e 4B 30
22
וְאַף־גַּם־זֹ֠את בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֞ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֗ם לֹֽא־מְאַסְתִּ֤ים וְלֹֽא־גְעַלְתִּים֙ לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם לְהָפֵ֥ר בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ם
כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם
44 And indeed even this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not refuse them and I will not loathe them to consume them, to thwart my covenant with them,
for I am Yahweh their God.
3d 4C 34
9
וְזָכַרְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים
אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵֽאתִי־אֹתָם֩ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֗ם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם לֵאלֹהִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
45 But I will remember for them the covenant of former times,
that I brought them out from the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God. I am Yahweh.
3d 4B 11
28
אֵ֠לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֮ וְהַתּוֹרֹת֒ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה בֵּינ֕וֹ וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
בְּהַ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה
46 ~ These are the statutes, and the judgments, and the instructions, that Yahweh gave between himself and the children of Israel,
on mount Sinai by the hand of Moses.
3e 4B 29
8

Tuesday, 10 April 2018

Leviticus 25

The laws relating to money and property (holdings) - what are they for? Like house prices today in Paris or Sydney or Toronto or Vancouver? Explosive entitlement? The land is mine, says Yahweh. We wonder... We probably should pay more attention. Let those who have two houses give one away to someone with none. (Somehow I doubt this will happen - voluntarily.) These cities have no walls so the law of walled cities does not apply. (There's a crude anachronism.)

The grammar is very strange here. Plural and singular are mixed in the same thought. (E.g. see Milgrom Leviticus p. 2155. One could spend the rest of one's life in Leviticus.)

Verse 32 is the first instance I have found of עולם being read as whenever, or at any time. I wonder if this represents a change in the use of the word or if I have missed it elsewhere.

There is no distinction in Hebrew between the words for servant and slave. All translation, even the simple act of glossing, is interpretation.

My English is more and more sparse as the chapter goes on, because the Hebrew is sparse. Translations may fill in the blanks. The Jubilee sets a limit to contracted labour and the chapter sets limits to perpetual service within Israel but it specifically does not preclude effective slavery. I would not want to be living under such limited contract law. But where is Yahweh in this? Yahweh is in the redemptive role having brought Israel out of their bondage in Egypt. Where is Yahweh for me whether I am in or out of Israel today? Yahweh is in my relationships, a very complex web, and in the culture of my land that respects the wage-earner as means of production and as consumer. But all this is subject also to the draw of market forces that can cause hard times.

I have deliberately not translated גור as stranger. Stranger is זור. They must have some difference. (We have already seen the guest workers conscripted for temple construction. The monarchy seems to be operating within Torah regulations.) Note there is no distinction between guest and immigrant, and by extension, being slaves of Yahweh, the slaves should not be harsh with those who are guests and immigrants to them - if they/we get the point (a somewhat unlikely happening - but hopeful we are).

Curious that the verb for hold fast and the noun for holdings are from the stem אחז, the name of the not so nice king, Ahaz.

וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵֽאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ occurs 3 times - only in Leviticus does this form of fear + God occur (chapter 19 twice, here 3 times). 

Verses 35-36 appear to universalize the love of associate. In encouraging fairness to everyone whether guest worker or immigrant, these two verses effectively render all as kin. Admittedly there is also distinction between kin and guest/immigrant and other nations in the remainder of the chapter. But Israel is guest and immigrant with Yahweh (verse 23), so if we get the point, all will be considered kin. Therefore all will be implied in the love of associate commandment of chapter 19.

Leviticus 25 Fn Min Max Syll
וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּהַ֥ר סִינַ֖י לֵאמֹֽר 1 And Yahweh spoke to Moses on mount Sinai, saying, 3e 4C 14
דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֤י תָבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם
וְשָׁבְתָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָֽה
2 Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, When you come to the land that I am giving to you,
then the land will keep Sabbath, the Sabbath of Yahweh.
3e 4C 30
10
שֵׁ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ תִּזְרַ֣ע שָׂדֶ֔ךָ וְשֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים תִּזְמֹ֣ר כַּרְמֶ֑ךָ
וְאָסַפְתָּ֖ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ
3 C Six years you will sow a field, and six years you will prune your vineyard,
and gather its income.
3e 4C 17
9
וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ת שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָ֑ה
שָֽׂדְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔ע וְכַרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִזְמֹֽר
4 Then in the seventh year will be the Sabbath of Sabbaths for the land, the Sabbath of Yahweh.
A field you will not sow and your vineyard you will not prune.
3e 4C 21
12
אֵ֣ת סְפִ֤יחַ קְצִֽירְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְצ֔וֹר וְאֶת־עִנְּבֵ֥י נְזִירֶ֖ךָ לֹ֣א תִבְצֹ֑ר
שְׁנַ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן יִהְיֶ֥ה לָאָֽרֶץ
5 B The accidental planting of your harvest you will not reap, and the grapes of your consecration you will not enclose.
A year of recuperation it is, for the land.
3e 4C 21
10
וְ֠הָיְתָה שַׁבַּ֨ת הָאָ֤רֶץ לָכֶם֙ לְאָכְלָ֔ה לְךָ֖ וּלְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וְלַאֲמָתֶ֑ךָ
וְלִשְׂכִֽירְךָ֙ וּלְתוֹשָׁ֣בְךָ֔ הַגָּרִ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ
6 ~ And the Sabbath of the land will be to you for food, to you and to your servant, and to your maidservant,
and to your wage-earner, and to the immigrants who guest with you.
3e 4C 25
13
וְלִ֨בְהֶמְתְּךָ֔ וְלַֽחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאַרְצֶ֑ךָ
תִּהְיֶ֥ה כָל־תְּבוּאָתָ֖הּ לֶאֱכֹֽל
7 And to your cattle and for the animals that are in your land,
all its income will be for food.
3e 4B 15
10
וְסָפַרְתָּ֣ לְךָ֗ שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת שָׁנִ֔ים שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים
וְהָי֣וּ לְךָ֗ יְמֵי֙ שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת הַשָּׁנִ֔ים תֵּ֥שַׁע וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה
8 And you will count for yourselves seven Sabbaths of years, seven years, seven times,
and for you, the days of the seven Sabbaths of years will be forty nine years.
3e 4C 21
22
וְהַֽעֲבַרְתָּ֞ שׁוֹפַ֤ר תְּרוּעָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ
בְּיוֹם֙ הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים תַּעֲבִ֥ירוּ שׁוֹפָ֖ר בְּכָל־אַרְצְכֶֽם
9 Then you will make a blast of triumph, a shophar, pass through in the seventh month on the tenth of the month.
On the day of the cover-offerings, you will make a shophar pass through in all your land.
3e 4C 22
17
וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּ֗ם אֵ֣ת שְׁנַ֤ת הַחֲמִשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּקְרָאתֶ֥ם דְּר֛וֹר בָּאָ֖רֶץ לְכָל־יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ
יוֹבֵ֥ל הִוא֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֗ם אִ֚ישׁ אֶל־אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ תָּשֻֽׁבוּ
10 And you will sanctify the fiftieth year and you will proclaim liberty in the land to all its inhabitants.
A jubilee it will be for you, and you will return, each to his holdings, and each to his family, you will return.
3d 4C 26
25
יוֹבֵ֣ל הִ֗וא שְׁנַ֛ת הַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם
לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔עוּ וְלֹ֤א תִקְצְרוּ֙ אֶת־סְפִיחֶ֔יהָ וְלֹ֥א תִבְצְר֖וּ אֶת־נְזִרֶֽיהָ
11 Jubilee it is. The fiftieth year, it will be for you.
You will not sow, and you will not reap accidental planting, and you will not gather grapes from what is consecrated.
3d 4C 15
24
כִּ֚י יוֹבֵ֣ל הִ֔וא קֹ֖דֶשׁ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם
מִן־הַ֨שָּׂדֶ֔ה תֹּאכְל֖וּ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ
12 C For Jubilee it is. Holy it is for you.
From the field you will eat what comes from it.
3e 4C 10
11
בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הַיּוֹבֵ֖ל הַזֹּ֑את
תָּשֻׁ֕בוּ אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ
13 In the year of this Jubilee,
you will return each to his holdings.
3e 4A 7
9
וְכִֽי־תִמְכְּר֤וּ מִמְכָּר֙ לַעֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ א֥וֹ קָנֹ֖ה מִיַּ֣ד עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ
אַל־תּוֹנ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אָחִֽיו
14 And if you are making a sale to your fellow, or purchase from the hand of your fellow,
you will not suppress each your kin.
3e 4C 21
7
בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שָׁנִים֙ אַחַ֣ר הַיּוֹבֵ֔ל תִּקְנֶ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ
בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר שְׁנֵֽי־תְבוּאֹ֖ת יִמְכָּר־לָֽךְ
15 By the count of years after the Jubilee, you buy from your fellow.
By the count of the years of the income, he will sell to you.
3e 4C 18
11
לְפִ֣י ׀ רֹ֣ב הַשָּׁנִ֗ים תַּרְבֶּה֙ מִקְנָת֔וֹ וּלְפִי֙ מְעֹ֣ט הַשָּׁנִ֔ים תַּמְעִ֖יט מִקְנָת֑וֹ
כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר תְּבוּאֹ֔ת ה֥וּא מֹכֵ֖ר לָֽךְ
16 In proportion to the many years, you will increase the purchase, and in proportion to the fewer years, you will decrease the purchase.
For the count of its income, he will sell to you.
3e 4C 23
10
וְלֹ֤א תוֹנוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־עֲמִית֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵֽאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ
כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם
17 And you will not suppress each his fellow, and you will be fearful from your God,
for I am Yahweh your God.
3d 4C 18
10
וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֙ אֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֔י וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֹתָ֑ם
וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָבֶֽטַח
18 And you will do my statutes, and my judgments you will keep and do them,
and you will settle over the land in trust.
3e 4B 22
10
וְנָתְנָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ פִּרְיָ֔הּ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם לָשֹׂ֑בַע
וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לָבֶ֖טַח עָלֶֽיהָ
19 And the land will give her fruit, and you will eat to satiation,
and you will settle in trust on it.
3e 4C 15
9
וְכִ֣י תֹאמְר֔וּ מַה־נֹּאכַ֤֖ל בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑ת
הֵ֚ן לֹ֣א נִזְרָ֔ע וְלֹ֥א נֶאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־תְּבוּאָתֵֽנוּ
20 And if you should say, What will we eat in the seventh year?
Lo, we will not sow, and we not will gather our income,
3e 4C 13
15
וְצִוִּ֤יתִי אֶת־בִּרְכָתִי֙ לָכֶ֔ם בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑ית
וְעָשָׂת֙ אֶת־הַתְּבוּאָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֖שׁ הַשָּׁנִֽים
21 Then I will command my blessing for you in the sixth year,
and it will make the income for the three years.
3e 4C 16
12
וּזְרַעְתֶּ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמִינִ֔ת וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם מִן־הַתְּבוּאָ֣ה יָשָׁ֑ן
עַ֣ד ׀ הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַתְּשִׁיעִ֗ת עַד־בּוֹא֙ תְּב֣וּאָתָ֔הּ תֹּאכְל֖וּ יָשָֽׁן
22 And you will sow the eighth year and you will eat from the income of the old store.
Till the ninth year till the coming of its income, you will eat old store.
3e 4C 20
17
וְהָאָ֗רֶץ לֹ֤א תִמָּכֵר֙ לִצְמִתֻ֔ת כִּי־לִ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ
כִּֽי־גֵרִ֧ים וְתוֹשָׁבִ֛ים אַתֶּ֖ם עִמָּדִֽי
23 And the land will not be sold in finality, for mine is the land,
for guests and immigrants you are with me.
3c 4C 16
11
וּבְכֹ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֑ם
גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָאָֽרֶץ
24 And in all the land of your holdings,
a redemption you will permit for the land.
3e 4B 8
8
כִּֽי־יָמ֣וּךְ אָחִ֔יךָ וּמָכַ֖ר מֵאֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ
וּבָ֤א גֹֽאֲלוֹ֙ הַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֔יו וְגָאַ֕ל אֵ֖ת מִמְכַּ֥ר אָחִֽיו
25 If your kin is a pauper and has sold from his holdings,
and one to redeem it comes, near to him, then he will redeem what his kin sold.
3e 4C 13
17
וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֖וֹ גֹּאֵ֑ל
וְהִשִּׂ֣יגָה יָד֔וֹ וּמָצָ֖א כְּדֵ֥י גְאֻלָּתֽוֹ
26 And the person for whom there is no one to redeem,
and his means can afford it, and he finds enough for his redemption,
3d 4B 9
15
וְחִשַּׁב֙ אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י מִמְכָּר֔וֹ וְהֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽכַר־ל֑וֹ
וְשָׁ֖ב לַאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ
27 Then let him reckon the years from its sale that he will restore the surfeit, to the person to whom he sold,
and he will return to his holding.
3e 4B 23
7
וְאִ֨ם לֹֽא־מָֽצְאָ֜ה יָד֗וֹ דֵּי֮ הָשִׁ֣יב לוֹ֒ וְהָיָ֣ה מִמְכָּר֗וֹ בְּיַד֙ הַקֹּנֶ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹבֵ֑ל
וְיָצָא֙ בַּיֹּבֵ֔ל וְשָׁ֖ב לַאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ
28 And if he does not find means enough to restore to him, then what was sold will be in the hand of the one who purchased it till the year of Jubilee,
and will come forth in the Jubilee, and he will restore to his holding.
3e 4B 30
13
וְאִ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־יִמְכֹּ֤ר בֵּית־מוֹשַׁב֙ עִ֣יר חוֹמָ֔ה וְהָיְתָה֙ גְּאֻלָּת֔וֹ עַד־תֹּ֖ם שְׁנַ֣ת מִמְכָּר֑וֹ
יָמִ֖ים תִּהְיֶ֥ה גְאֻלָּתֽוֹ
29 And if anyone sell a house situated in a walled city, then he may redeem it until the completion of a year from its sale.
These are the days he may redeem it.
3e 4C 25
8
וְאִ֣ם לֹֽא־יִגָּאֵ֗ל עַד־מְלֹ֣את לוֹ֮ שָׁנָ֣ה תְמִימָה֒ וְ֠קָם הַבַּ֨יִת אֲשֶׁר־בָּעִ֜יר אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ חֹמָ֗ה לַצְּמִיתֻ֛ת לַקֹּנֶ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ לְדֹרֹתָ֑יו
לֹ֥א יֵצֵ֖א בַּיֹּבֵֽל
30 And if it is not redeemed during the fulfillment of its complete year, then the house that is in the city that has a wall will be upheld in finality to the one who bought it for his generations.
It will not come out in the Jubilee.
3d 4B 40
6
וּבָתֵּ֣י הַחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵין־לָהֶ֤ם חֹמָה֙ סָבִ֔יב עַל־שְׂדֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב
גְּאֻלָּה֙ תִּהְיֶה־לּ֔וֹ וּבַיֹּבֵ֖ל יֵצֵֽא
31 But the houses of the villages that are without their wall round about, as a field of the land, such will be considered.
Redemption there may be for it, and in the Jubilee it will come out.
3e 4C 25
12
וְעָרֵי֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם בָּתֵּ֖י עָרֵ֣י אֲחֻזָּתָ֑ם
גְּאֻלַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַלְוִיִּֽם
32 But the cities of the Levites, the houses of the cities of their holdings,
redeemed it may be, whenever, for the Levites.
3e 4B 14
10
וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגְאַל֙ מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְיָצָ֧א מִמְכַּר־בַּ֛יִת וְעִ֥יר אֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ בַּיֹּבֵ֑ל
כִּ֣י בָתֵּ֞י עָרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּ֗ם הִ֚וא אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
33 And when someone redeems from the Levites, then a house that was sold will come forth, and the city of his holdings, in the Jubilee,
for the houses of the cities of the Levites, this is of their holdings among the children of Israel.
3c 4C 25
20
וּֽשְׂדֵ֛ה מִגְרַ֥שׁ עָרֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יִמָּכֵ֑ר
כִּֽי־אֲחֻזַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם ה֖וּא לָהֶֽם
34 But a field of the outlands of their cities will not be sold,
for it is theirs to hold fast forever.
3d 4B 11
8
וְכִֽי־יָמ֣וּךְ אָחִ֔יךָ וּמָ֥טָה יָד֖וֹ עִמָּ֑ךְ
וְהֶֽחֱזַ֣קְתָּ בּ֔וֹ גֵּ֧ר וְתוֹשָׁ֛ב וָחַ֖י עִמָּֽךְ
35 And if your kin, a pauper, has slipped his means with you,
then you will encourage him, whether guest or immigrant, that he may live with you.
3c 4B 13
14
אַל־תִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֔ית וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵֽאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ
וְחֵ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ עִמָּֽךְ
36 Do not take interest from him or increase, but you will be fearful from your God,
that your kin may live with you.
3e 4C 20
7
אֶ֨ת־כַּסְפְּךָ֔ לֹֽא־תִתֵּ֥ן ל֖וֹ בְּנֶ֑שֶׁךְ
וּבְמַרְבִּ֖ית לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן אָכְלֶֽךָ
37 ~ Your silver, you will not give him at interest,
and you will not give your food to increase.
3e 4A 10
8
אֲנִ֗י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם
לָתֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן לִהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים
38 I am Yahweh your God who brought out you from the land of Egypt,
to give to you the land of Canaan, to be your God.
3e 4C 21
17
וְכִֽי־יָמ֥וּךְ אָחִ֛יךָ עִמָּ֖ךְ וְנִמְכַּר־לָ֑ךְ
לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֥ד בּ֖וֹ עֲבֹ֥דַת עָֽבֶד
39 And if your kin is a pauper with you, and he sells himself to you,
you will not make him serve the service of a servant.
3d 4A 12
9
כְּשָׂכִ֥יר כְּתוֹשָׁ֖ב יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֑ךְ
עַד־שְׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל יַעֲבֹ֥ד עִמָּֽךְ
40 As a mercenary, as an immigrant, he will be with you.
Until the year of the Jubilee, he will serve with you.
3e 4B 10
11
וְיָצָא֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ ה֖וּא וּבָנָ֣יו עִמּ֑וֹ
וְשָׁב֙ אֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־אֲחֻזַּ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖יו יָשֽׁוּב
41 And he will come forth from you, he and his children with him,
and he will return to his family, and to the holdings of his fathers will he return.
3e 4B 12
16
כִּֽי־עֲבָדַ֣י הֵ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם
לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד
42 For my servants they are, that I brought out from the land of Egypt.
They will not be sold, to be sold as servants.
3e 4B 17
9
לֹא־תִרְדֶּ֥ה ב֖וֹ בְּפָ֑רֶךְ
וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶֽיךָ
43 You will not rule him harshly,
and you will be fearful from your God.
3e 4A 7
9
וְעַבְדְּךָ֥ וַאֲמָתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיוּ־לָ֑ךְ
מֵאֵ֣ת הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם מֵהֶ֥ם תִּקְנ֖וּ עֶ֥בֶד וְאָמָֽה
44 And your manservant and your maidservant, which there will be for you,
from the nations that are surrounding you, from them, you will purchase a manservant or a maidservant.
3e 4B 13
21
וְ֠גַם מִבְּנֵ֨י הַתּוֹשָׁבִ֜ים הַגָּרִ֤ים עִמָּכֶם֙ מֵהֶ֣ם תִּקְנ֔וּ וּמִמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹלִ֖ידוּ בְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם
וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לַֽאֲחֻזָּֽה
45 ~ And even from the children of the immigrants who guest with you. From them you will purchase and from their families that are with you that they gave birth to in your land,
that they might become for you to hold fast.
3e 4C 37
9
וְהִתְנַחֲלְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֤ם אַחֲרֵיכֶם֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֲחֻזָּ֔ה לְעֹלָ֖ם בָּהֶ֣ם תַּעֲבֹ֑דוּ
וּבְאַ֨חֵיכֶ֤ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לֹא־תִרְדֶּ֥ה ב֖וֹ בְּפָֽרֶךְ
46 And you will make them an inheritance for your children after you to possess, holding them forever, you will make them serve,
but with your kin of the children of Israel, each his kin, will not rule him harshly.
3e 4C 29
20
וְכִ֣י תַשִּׂ֗יג יַ֣ד גֵּ֤ר וְתוֹשָׁב֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וּמָ֥ךְ אָחִ֖יךָ עִמּ֑וֹ
וְנִמְכַּ֗ר לְגֵ֤ר תּוֹשָׁב֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ א֥וֹ לְעֵ֖קֶר מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת גֵּֽר
47 And if affordable to the hand of a guest or immigrant with you, and your kin is a pauper with him,
and he sells himself to the guest or immigrant with you, or to an offshoot from the family of a guest,
3e 4C 18
17
אַחֲרֵ֣י נִמְכַּ֔ר גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּהְיֶה־לּ֑וֹ
אֶחָ֥ד מֵאֶחָ֖יו יִגְאָלֶֽנּוּ
48 After he is sold, redemption there may be for him.
One from his kin may redeem him.
3e 4B 11
9
אוֹ־דֹד֞וֹ א֤וֹ בֶן־דֹּדוֹ֙ יִגְאָלֶ֔נּוּ אֽוֹ־מִשְּׁאֵ֧ר בְּשָׂר֛וֹ מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ יִגְאָלֶ֑נּוּ
אֽוֹ־הִשִּׂ֥יגָה יָד֖וֹ וְנִגְאָֽל
49 Either his uncle, or a child of his uncle may redeem him, or a near relation of his flesh from his family may redeem him,
or his means affording, then he may redeem himself.
3c 4C 24
8
וְחִשַּׁב֙ עִם־קֹנֵ֔הוּ מִשְּׁנַת֙ הִמָּ֣כְרוֹ ל֔וֹ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל
וְהָיָ֞ה כֶּ֤סֶף מִמְכָּרוֹ֙ בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שָׁנִ֔ים כִּימֵ֥י שָׂכִ֖יר יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמּֽוֹ
50 Then let him reckon with the one who bought him from the year of his sale to him until the year of the Jubilee.
Then the silver from his sale will be by the count of years. As the days of a wage-earner it will be with him.
3e 4C 19
21
אִם־ע֥וֹד רַבּ֖וֹת בַּשָּׁנִ֑ים
לְפִיהֶן֙ יָשִׁ֣יב גְּאֻלָּת֔וֹ מִכֶּ֖סֶף מִקְנָתֽוֹ
51 If there are still many in the years,
in proportion he will return his redemption from the silver of his purchase.
3e 4B 7
15
וְאִם־מְעַ֞ט נִשְׁאַ֧ר בַּשָּׁנִ֛ים עַד־שְׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל וְחִשַּׁב־ל֑וֹ
כְּפִ֣י שָׁנָ֔יו יָשִׁ֖יב אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתֽוֹ
52 And if fewer are residue in the years until the year of the Jubilee, then he will reckon for him.
in proportion to its years, he will return his redemption.
3c 4B 19
11
כִּשְׂכִ֥יר שָׁנָ֛ה בְּשָׁנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ
לֹֽא־יִרְדֶּ֥נּֽוּ בְּפֶ֖רֶךְ לְעֵינֶֽיךָ
53 As a year in year out wage-earner it will be with him.
He will not rule harshly in your sight.
3d 4B 11
11
וְאִם־לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּאֵ֑לֶּה
וְיָצָא֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֔ל ה֖וּא וּבָנָ֥יו עִמּֽוֹ
54 And if he will not redeem in these,
then he will come forth in the year of the Jubilee, he and his children with him.
3e 4B 9
14
כִּֽי־לִ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבָדִ֔ים עֲבָדַ֣י הֵ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם
אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם
55 For to me the children of Israel are servants. My servants they are that I brought out from the land of Egypt.
I am Yahweh your God.
3e 4C 27
8

Wednesday, 21 March 2018

Leviticus 27

The first section of this chapter 'explained' in a footnote by the JB "Persons may be vowed" Judges 11:30-40, 13:3 f, 1 Samuel 1:11. True, but is this passage a way of discharging Jephthah's rash vow? It would be far from perspicuous for the average reader if that were the case. I think the rules are unrelated to the cited passages. (I warned you against seeking meaning).

JB, Milgrom and NIV gloss ערך as valuation. I have glossed it as arrange, rank, compare. Here translations seem to be associating it with what you pay for a נפשׁ. I use another stem הון for value. I will stick with ranking which could be read as the relative cost of discharging a vow.

I am glad to know my wife and I are reckoned as 25 shekels. The whole family in the house at the moment (and for the past 6 months!) is 125. 2 seniors, 2 adults, and 2 under 5! (That's a handful.)

Note the difference in phrasing in the various rules. We really need to read chapter 25 first. But such is my process of following the maximally guessed chapter, that I have not read in sequence. It won't be long before we finish Leviticus.

Milgrom glosses נפשׁ as human being. Much as his gloss reads clearly, נפשׁ also applies to animals and birds and water critters and creepy-crawlers. As I have noted before, this stem is notorious. Equally even with the verb for living חיה, I see that phrasing would only rarely allow verb-subject order in English. Such usage needs a tangible subject to allow it to live in the dramatic final position in an English sentence.

Leviticus 27 Fn Min Max Syll
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר 1 And Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 3e 3g 10
דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַפְלִ֖א נֶ֑דֶר
בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת לַֽיהוָֽה
2 Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, Anyone that makes an extraordinary vow,
in your ranking of beings for Yahweh,
3e 4C 21
9
וְהָיָ֤ה עֶרְכְּךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר מִבֶּן֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה
וְהָיָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֗ חֲמִשִּׁ֛ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כֶּ֖סֶף בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ
3 Your ranking will be, of the male from twenty years and to sixty years,
your ranking will be, fifty shekels of silver after the shekel of the sanctuary.
3d 4C 22
19
וְאִם־נְקֵבָ֖ה הִ֑וא
וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָֽׁקֶל
4 And if a female it is,
then your ranking will be thirty shekels.
3e 4A 6
11
וְאִ֨ם מִבֶּן־חָמֵ֜שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים וְעַד֙ בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְהָיָ֧ה עֶרְכְּךָ֛ הַזָּכָ֖ר עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֑ים
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים
5 And if from five years and to a child of twenty years, then your ranking will be of the male, twenty shekels,
and of the female ten shekels.
3c 4B 29
10
וְאִ֣ם מִבֶּן־חֹ֗דֶשׁ וְעַד֙ בֶּן־חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְהָיָ֤ה עֶרְכְּךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּ֑סֶף
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֔ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּֽסֶף
6 And if from a month and to a child of five years, then your ranking of the male will be five shekels of silver,
and of the female your ranking, three shekels of silver.
3e 4C 30
15
וְ֠אִם מִבֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה וָמַ֙עְלָה֙ אִם־זָכָ֔ר וְהָיָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֔ חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר שָׁ֑קֶל
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֥ה שְׁקָלִֽים
7 ~ And if from sixty years and upward, if a male, then your ranking will be fifteen shekels,
and of the female, ten shekels.
3e 4C 27
10
וְאִם־מָ֥ךְ הוּא֙ מֵֽעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְהֶֽעֱמִידוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהֶעֱרִ֥יךְ אֹת֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן
עַל־פִּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּשִּׂיג֙ יַ֣ד הַנֹּדֵ֔ר יַעֲרִיכֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן
8 And if he is a pauper by comparison, then let him stand before the priest, and the priest will rank him.
In proportion to what is affordable to the hand of the one who vowed, the priest will rank him.
3e 4C 27
18
וְאִם־בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה
כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֥ן מִמֶּ֛נּוּ לַיהוָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּֽדֶשׁ
9 And if a beast it is that they will bring near as an oblation for Yahweh,
all that is given from it for Yahweh will be holy.
3c 4A 17
14
לֹ֣א יַחֲלִיפֶ֗נּוּ וְלֹֽא־יָמִ֥יר אֹת֛וֹ ט֥וֹב בְּרָ֖ע אוֹ־רַ֣ע בְּט֑וֹב
וְאִם־הָמֵ֨ר יָמִ֤יר בְּהֵמָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה וְהָֽיָה־ה֥וּא וּתְמוּרָת֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּֽדֶשׁ
10 B He will not renew it and he will not exchange it, better for worse, or worse for better,
and if he will exchange beast for beast, then it will be and the exchange for it will be holy.
3d 4C 18
24
וְאִם֙ כָּל־בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה
וְהֶֽעֱמִ֥יד אֶת־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן
11 And if any unclean beast that they do not bring near as an oblation for Yahweh,
then he will have the beast stand before the priest.
3c 4B 22
13
וְהֶעֱרִ֤יךְ הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֹתָ֔הּ בֵּ֥ין ט֖וֹב וּבֵ֣ין רָ֑ע
כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן כֵּ֥ן יִהְיֶֽה
12 And the priest will rank it between better or worse.
As the priest ranks, so it will be.
3e 4C 14
10
וְאִם־גָּאֹ֖ל יִגְאָלֶ֑נָּה
וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִישִׁת֖וֹ עַל־עֶרְכֶּֽךָ
13 And if he redeems it,
then he will add a fifth over your ranking.
3e 4A 8
11
וְאִ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־יַקְדִּ֨שׁ אֶת־בֵּית֥וֹ קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהֶעֱרִיכוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן בֵּ֥ין ט֖וֹב וּבֵ֣ין רָ֑ע
כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲרִ֥יךְ אֹת֛וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן כֵּ֥ן יָקֽוּם
14 And anyone who sanctifies his house to be holy to Yahweh, then the priest will rank it between better or worse.
As the priest ranks it, so it will place.
3d 4B 25
14
וְאִ֨ם־הַמַּקְדִּ֔ישׁ יִגְאַ֖ל אֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ
וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִישִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְהָ֥יָה לֽוֹ
15 And if the one who sanctified will redeem his house,
then he will add a fifth of silver to your ranking to it, and it will be his.
3c 4A 10
17
וְאִ֣ם ׀ מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֗וֹ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ לְפִ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ
זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף
16 And if from a field of his holdings, a man will sanctify to Yahweh, then your ranking will be in proportion to its seed.
The seed of a homer of barley, at fifty shekels of silver.
3e 4C 23
15
אִם־מִשְּׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֑הוּ
כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖ יָקֽוּם
17 If from the year of the Jubilee he will sanctify his field,
according to your ranking, it will place.
3e 4B 11
6
וְאִם־אַחַ֣ר הַיֹּבֵל֮ יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵהוּ֒ וְחִשַּׁב־ל֨וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֗סֶף עַל־פִּ֤י הַשָּׁנִים֙ הַנּ֣וֹתָרֹ֔ת עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל
וְנִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ
18 And if, after the Jubilee, he will sanctify his field, then the priest will reckon for him the silver in proportion to the years remaining until the year of the Jubilee,
and subtract from your ranking.
3e 4C 38
7
וְאִם־גָּאֹ֤ל יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה הַמַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ
וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִשִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְקָ֥ם לֽוֹ
19 And if the field the one who sanctified it will redeem,
then he will add a fifth of silver of your ranking to it, and it will be upheld for him.
3c 4C 15
16
וְאִם־לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְאִם־מָכַ֥ר אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר
לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד
20 And if he will not redeem the field, or if he sold the field to another person,
it will not be redeemed any more.
3e 4C 21
5
וְהָיָ֨ה הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה בְּצֵאת֣וֹ בַיֹּבֵ֗ל קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה כִּשְׂדֵ֣ה הַחֵ֑רֶם
לַכֹּהֵ֖ן תִּהְיֶ֥ה אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ
21 But the field will be, when it goes out in the Jubilee, holy to Yahweh, as a field devoted.
For the priest, it will be of his holdings.
3d 4B 21
9
וְאִם֙ אֶת־שְׂדֵ֣ה מִקְנָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֕ר לֹ֖א מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ
יַקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַֽיהוָֽה
22 And if anyone purchases a field, not from a field of his holdings,
he will sanctify to Yahweh,
3e 4B 17
4
וְחִשַּׁב־ל֣וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֵ֚ת מִכְסַ֣ת הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ֔ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל
וְנָתַ֤ן אֶת־הָעֶרְכְּךָ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָֽה
23 Then the priest will reckon to him the tally of your ranking until the year of the Jubilee,
and he will give your ranking on that day, sanctified to Yahweh.
3e 4C 20
16
בִּשְׁנַ֤ת הַיּוֹבֵל֙ יָשׁ֣וּב הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖הוּ מֵאִתּ֑וֹ
לַאֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ
24 In the year of the Jubilee the field will return to him from whom it was bought,
to whom the land was his holding.
3e 4C 19
10
וְכָל־עֶרְכְּךָ֔ יִהְיֶ֖ה בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל
25 And all your ranking will be after the shekel of the sanctuary.
Twenty grams will be the shekel.
3e 4B 13
9
אַךְ־בְּכ֞וֹר אֲשֶׁר־יְבֻכַּ֤ר לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא־יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ
אִם־שׁ֣וֹר אִם־שֶׂ֔ה לַֽיהוָ֖ה הֽוּא
26 But the firstborn that is the firstborn for Yahweh among beasts, none will sanctify it,
whether bull or lamb. To Yahweh it is.
3e 4C 19
7
וְאִ֨ם בַּבְּהֵמָ֤ה הַטְּמֵאָה֙ וּפָדָ֣ה בְעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִשִׁת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו
וְאִם־לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל וְנִמְכַּ֥ר בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָ
27 And if among beasts it is unclean, then he will ransom in your ranking, and he will add its fifth to it,
and if he will not redeem, then it will be sold in your ranking.
3e 4C 24
13
אַךְ־כָּל־חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהוָ֜ה מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֗וֹ מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל
כָּל־חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה
28 But all that is devoted that anyone has devoted to Yahweh from all that is his, from human or beast, or from a field of his holdings, will not be sold and will not be redeemed.
All that is devoted, holy of holy things, it is to Yahweh.
3e 4C 39
11
כָּל־חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָחֳרַ֛ם מִן־הָאָדָ֖ם לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה
מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת
29 All that is devoted that is devoted from the human is not ransomed.
It will be put to death.
3c 4B 16
3
וְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֨ר הָאָ֜רֶץ מִזֶּ֤רַע הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ לַיהוָ֖ה ה֑וּא
קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה
30 And all the tithe of the land from the seed of the land, from the fruit of the tree, to Yahweh it is.
Holy to Yahweh.
3e 4C 20
4
וְאִם־גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ
חֲמִשִׁית֖וֹ יֹסֵ֥ף עָלָֽיו
31 And if anyone will redeem from its tithe,
a fifth it will add to it.
3d 4A 11
8
וְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֤ר בָּקָר֙ וָצֹ֔אן כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט
הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה
32 And all tithe of oxen and sheep, all that pass through under the sceptre,
the tenth will be holy to Yahweh.
3e 4C 19
10
לֹ֧א יְבַקֵּ֛ר בֵּֽין־ט֥וֹב לָרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א יְמִירֶ֑נּוּ
וְאִם־הָמֵ֣ר יְמִירֶ֔נּוּ וְהָֽיָה־ה֧וּא וּתְמוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־קֹ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל
33 c He will not reflect to discern good from injured, and he will not exchange it,
and if he does exchange it, then it will be and the exchange for it will be holy. It will not be redeemed.
3c 4B 14
24
אֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֺ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
בְּהַ֖ר סִינָֽי
34 B These are the commandments which Yahweh commanded Moses to the children of Israel,
on mount Sinai.
3c 4B 20
4