Ezekiel 34

More on that root from yesterday רעה. Verse 2 is full of this stem, everyone glossed with shepherd. I didn't need to, graze, tend, and other non-overlapping glosses would sometimes fit. This is my overall usage so far: associate (125) shepherd (103) friend (82) pasture (40) tend (23) graze (20) pastor (4) shepherds' (2) befriend (1) resolution (1 Aramaic)

The stem is pervasive in this chapter, occurring 36 times.

Curious that the stem for veil, even as used in the dwelling-place of God is the same stem as harsh or cruelty.

At the moment, I see בקר as a remarkable addition to the idea of seeking. Rather than a lame repetition search out. בקר is oxen or herd and in this context reflection or morning. (verses 11-12)

Compare Psalms 97, 23.

Ezekiel 34		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר	1		And the word of Yahweh happened to me, saying,	3e	3g	10
בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־רוֹעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנָּבֵ֣א וְאָמַרְתָּ֩ אֲלֵיהֶ֨ם לָרֹעִ֜ים כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה ה֤וֹי רֹעֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ רֹעִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם הֲל֣וֹא הַצֹּ֔אן יִרְע֖וּ הָרֹעִֽים	2		Child of humanity, prophesy over the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy, and you say to them, to the shepherds, Thus says my Lord Yahweh, Alas, shepherds of Israel that are shepherding themselves. Should not the shepherds shepherd the flock?	3e	4C	12 45
אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב תֹּאכֵ֙לוּ֙ וְאֶת־הַצֶּ֣מֶר תִּלְבָּ֔שׁוּ הַבְּרִיאָ֖ה תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ הַצֹּ֖אן לֹ֥א תִרְעֽוּ	3		The gross fat you eat, and with the wool, you clothe yourself. The plenteous you sacrifice. The flock you do not shepherd.	3e	4C	21 5
אֶֽת־הַנַּחְלוֹת֩ לֹ֨א חִזַּקְתֶּ֜ם וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֣ה לֹֽא־רִפֵּאתֶ֗ם וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א חֲבַשְׁתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֙חַת֙ לֹ֣א הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הָאֹבֶ֖דֶת לֹ֣א בִקַּשְׁתֶּ֑ם וּבְחָזְקָ֛ה רְדִיתֶ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם וּבְפָֽרֶךְ	4		The sick you have not encouraged, and the ill you have not healed, and the broken you have not bandaged, and the banished, you have not returned, and the lost you have not sought, but resolute, you yourselves have ruled, and with cruelty.	3d	4B	46 11
וַתְּפוּצֶ֖ינָה מִבְּלִ֣י רֹעֶ֑ה וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה לְאָכְלָ֛ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַתְּפוּצֶֽינָה	5		And they were dispersed without a shepherd. And they became as food for all the animals of the field when they were dispersed.	3c	4B	8 18
יִשְׁגּ֤וּ צֹאנִי֙ בְּכָל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה רָמָ֑ה וְעַ֨ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָפֹ֣צוּ צֹאנִ֔י וְאֵ֥ין דּוֹרֵ֖שׁ וְאֵ֥ין מְבַקֵּֽשׁ	6		My flock strays in all the hills, and on every high hillock. And over all the surface of the land, my flock is dispersed, and no one searches and no one seeks.	3e	4C	16 22
לָכֵ֣ן רֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה	7		Therefore shepherds, hear the word of Yahweh.	3e	4B	11
חַי־אָ֜נִי נְאֻ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַ֣עַן הֱיֽוֹת־צֹאנִ֣י ׀ לָבַ֡ז וַתִּֽהְיֶינָה֩ צֹאנִ֨י לְאָכְלָ֜ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מֵאֵ֣ין רֹעֶ֔ה וְלֹֽא־דָרְשׁ֥וּ רֹעַ֖י אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וַיִּרְע֤וּ הָֽרֹעִים֙ אוֹתָ֔ם וְאֶת־צֹאנִ֖י לֹ֥א רָעֽוּ	8		Living I, an oracle of my Lord Yahweh. Without fail, because my flock has been despoiled, and my flock has become food for all the animals of the field, without shepherd, and my shepherds do not search out my flock but the shepherds shepherd themselves and my flock they do not shepherd,	3e	4C	48 15
לָכֵן֙ הָֽרֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה	9		Therefore, O shepherds, hear the word of Yahweh.	3e	3g	11
כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֨י אֶֽל־הָרֹעִ֜ים וְֽדָרַשְׁתִּ֧י אֶת־צֹאנִ֣י מִיָּדָ֗ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּים֙ מֵרְע֣וֹת צֹ֔אן וְלֹא־יִרְע֥וּ ע֛וֹד הָרֹעִ֖ים אוֹתָ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֤י צֹאנִי֙ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥יןָ לָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה	10		Thus says my Lord Yahweh, Behold me against the shepherds. And I will search out my flock from their hand, and I will have them cease from shepherding my flock, and the shepherds will no more shepherd themselves. And I will deliver my flock from their mouth, and they will not be their food.	3c	4C	41 19
כִּ֛י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִי־אָ֕נִי וְדָרַשְׁתִּ֥י אֶת־צֹאנִ֖י וּבִקַּרְתִּֽים	11	d	For thus says my Lord Yahweh, Behold me, myself, and I will search out my flock, and I will reflect them.	3d	4B	9 14
כְּבַקָּרַת֩ רֹעֶ֨ה עֶדְר֜וֹ בְּיוֹם־הֱיוֹת֤וֹ בְתוֹךְ־צֹאנוֹ֙ נִפְרָשׁ֔וֹת כֵּ֖ן אֲבַקֵּ֣ר אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וְהִצַּלְתִּ֣י אֶתְהֶ֗ם מִכָּל־הַמְּקוֹמֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָפֹ֣צוּ שָׁ֔ם בְּי֥וֹם עָנָ֖ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל	12		As a shepherd reflects his troop on the day he is in the midst of his distinct flock, so I will reflect my flock. And I will deliver them from all the places where they were dispersed on a day of cloud and dark turbulence.	3e	4C	27 25
וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣ים מִן־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְקִבַּצְתִּים֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת וַהֲבִיאֹתִ֖ים אֶל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וּרְעִיתִים֙ אֶל־הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּאֲפִיקִ֕ים וּבְכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ	13		And I will bring them out from the peoples, and I will collect them from the lands, and I will bring them to their ground. And I will shepherd them on the mountains of Israel by river channels, and in all the settlements of the land.	3e	4B	26 20
בְּמִרְעֶה־טּוֹב֙ אֶרְעֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם וּבְהָרֵ֥י מְרֽוֹם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֣ה נְוֵהֶ֑ם שָׁ֤ם תִּרְבַּ֙צְנָה֙ בְּנָ֣וֶה טּ֔וֹב וּמִרְעֶ֥ה שָׁמֵ֛ן תִּרְעֶ֖ינָה אֶל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	14		In good pasture I will shepherd them. On the mountains of the high ground of Israel will be their home. There they will recline in a good home and a stout pasture, they will graze on the mountains of Israel.	3d	4C	21 22
אֲנִ֨י אֶרְעֶ֤ה צֹאנִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אַרְבִּיצֵ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה	15		I myself will shepherd my flock, and I myself will have them recline, an oracle of my Lord Yahweh.	3e	4C	19
אֶת־הָאֹבֶ֤דֶת אֲבַקֵּשׁ֙ וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֣חַת אָשִׁ֔יב וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֣רֶת אֶחֱבֹ֔שׁ וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֖ה אֲחַזֵּ֑ק וְאֶת־הַשְּׁמֵנָ֧ה וְאֶת־הַחֲזָקָ֛ה אַשְׁמִ֖יד אֶרְעֶ֥נָּה בְמִשְׁפָּֽט	16		The lost I will seek, and the banished I will bring back, and the broken I will bandage, and the ill, I will make resolute. And the stout and the resolute I will exterminate. I will shepherd such in the judgment.	3c	4C	32 19
וְאַתֵּ֣נָה צֹאנִ֔י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִ֤י שֹׁפֵט֙ בֵּֽין־שֶׂ֣ה לָשֶׂ֔ה לָאֵילִ֖ים וְלָעַתּוּדִֽים	17		And you, my flock, thus says my Lord Yahweh, Behold me, judging between lamb and lamb, and rams, and goats.	3e	4C	14 16
הַמְעַ֣ט מִכֶּ֗ם הַמִּרְעֶ֤ה הַטּוֹב֙ תִּרְע֔וּ וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ מִרְעֵיכֶ֔ם תִּרְמְס֖וּ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם וּמִשְׁקַע־מַ֣יִם תִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וְאֵת֙ הַנּ֣וֹתָרִ֔ים בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם תִּרְפֹּשֽׂוּן	18		Is it insignificant to you that the good pasture you have grazed, and the remainder of your pasture you have trampled with your feet, and the plunging waters you have imbibed, and those that remain, with your feet you have made turbid?	3e	4C	24 19
וְצֹאנִ֑י מִרְמַ֤ס רַגְלֵיכֶם֙ תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה וּמִרְפַּ֥שׂ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם תִּשְׁתֶּֽינָה	19		And my flock? What is trampled by your feet they graze, and what is made turbid by your feet they imbibe.	3e	4C	3 17
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם הִנְנִי־אָ֕נִי וְשָֽׁפַטְתִּי֙ בֵּֽין־שֶׂ֣ה בִרְיָ֔ה וּבֵ֥ין שֶׂ֖ה רָזָֽה	20		Therefore thus says my Lord Yahweh to them, Behold me, for I myself judge between a lamb who has had a meal, and a lamb who is emaciated.	3d	4B	13 16
יַ֗עַן בְּצַ֤ד וּבְכָתֵף֙ תֶּהְדֹּ֔פוּ וּבְקַרְנֵיכֶ֥ם תְּנַגְּח֖וּ כָּל־הַנַּחְל֑וֹת עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֲפִיצוֹתֶ֛ם אוֹתָ֖נָה אֶל־הַחֽוּצָה	21	~	Because with side and with shoulder, you have driven out, and with your horns you have gored all the ill, until you have dispersed them to the street.	3c	4C	21 14
וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּ֣י לְצֹאנִ֔י וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ינָה ע֖וֹד לָבַ֑ז וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין שֶׂ֖ה לָשֶֽׂה	22		And I will save my flock, and no more will they be despoiled, and I will judge between lamb and lamb.	3e	4B	15 8
וַהֲקִמֹתִ֨י עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רֹעֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וְרָעָ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ן אֵ֖ת עַבְדִּ֣י דָוִ֑יד ה֚וּא יִרְעֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם וְהֽוּא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ן לְרֹעֶֽה	23		But I will raise over them one shepherd and he will shepherd them, my servant David, He himself will shepherd them, and he himself will be their pasture.	3e	4C	22 14
וַאֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֶהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וְעַבְדִּ֥י דָוִ֖ד נָשִׂ֣יא בְתוֹכָ֑ם אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי	24		And I Yahweh, I will be their God, and my servant David principal among them. I am Yahweh. I have spoken.	3e	4C	22 7
וְכָרַתִּ֤י לָהֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית שָׁל֔וֹם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֥י חַיָּֽה־רָעָ֖ה מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיָשְׁב֤וּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ לָבֶ֔טַח וְיָשְׁנ֖וּ בַּיְּעָרִֽים	25		And I will cut for them a covenant of peace, and I will eradicate hurtful life from the land. And they will settle in the wilderness in trust, and sleep in the forest.	3e	4C	22 15
וְנָתַתִּ֥י אוֹתָ֛ם וּסְבִיב֥וֹת גִּבְעָתִ֖י בְּרָכָ֑ה וְהוֹרַדְתִּ֤י הַגֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ גִּשְׁמֵ֥י בְרָכָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ	26		And I will put them forth and the places around my hillock as a blessing, that will make the heavy rain come down in its time. Showers of blessing, they will be.	3d	4C	15 17
וְנָתַן֩ עֵ֨ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה אֶת־פִּרְי֗וֹ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ תִּתֵּ֣ן יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְהָי֥וּ עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖ם לָבֶ֑טַח וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בְּשִׁבְרִי֙ אֶת־מֹט֣וֹת עֻלָּ֔ם וְהִ֨צַּלְתִּ֔ים מִיַּ֖ד הָעֹבְדִ֥ים בָּהֶֽם	27		And the trees of the field will yield their fruit and the land will give her produce, and they will be over their ground in trust. And they will know that I am Yahweh when I break the rods of their shackles, and deliver them from the hands of the servitude among them.	3e	4B	29 26
וְלֹא־יִהְי֨וּ ע֥וֹד בַּז֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחַיַּ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ לֹ֣א תֹאכְלֵ֑ם וְיָשְׁב֥וּ לָבֶ֖טַח וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד	28		And no more will they be despoiled of the nations, and the animal of the land will not devour them. And they will settle confidently, and none will be apprehensive.	3e	4B	18 11
וַהֲקִמֹתִ֥י לָהֶ֛ם מַטָּ֖ע לְשֵׁ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִהְי֨וּ ע֜וֹד אֲסֻפֵ֤י רָעָב֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹֽא־יִשְׂא֥וּ ע֖וֹד כְּלִמַּ֥ת הַגּוֹיִֽם	29		And I will raise up for them a plant of repute. And no more will they be wracked with famine in the land, and no more will they bear the humiliation of the nations.	3d	4C	11 24
וְיָדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם אִתָּ֑ם וְהֵ֗מָּה עַמִּי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה	30		And they will know that I am Yahweh their God with them, and they, my people, the house of Israel. An oracle of my Lord Yahweh.	3c	4B	14 16
וְאַתֵּ֥ן צֹאנִ֛י צֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתִ֖י אָדָ֣ם אַתֶּ֑ם אֲנִי֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה	31		And you are my flock, the sheep of my pasture, humanity, you are. I am your God. An oracle of my Lord Yahweh.	3d	4B	13 13

Judges 14

In this story I began to wonder if there are word forms that would distinguish friend from associate from shepherd, all of which have the same triliteral stem רעה. This will have to be subject to analysis - but I'm not sure what is possible yet. See the last verse. The last verse is also one that has an atnah right between subject and predicate. But the intent is to ponder on the character of Sampson. So to get the rest note on Sampson, I have had to make the English very stilted. Sort of like a tennis commentator who adds the name of the player long after he has described the action.

What is going on with Yahweh in this story?

Judges 14		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים	1		And Sampson went down to Timnah, and saw a woman in Timnah from the daughters of the Philistines.	3d	4A	8 13
וַיַּ֗עַל וַיַּגֵּד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִשָּׁ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַתָּ֕ה קְחוּ־אוֹתָ֥הּ לִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה	2		And he came up and told his father and his mother, and he said, A woman I have seen in Timnah from the daughters of the Philistines. And now take her for me as wife.	3d	4B	29 10
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ הַאֵין֩ בִּבְנ֨וֹת אַחֶ֤יךָ וּבְכָל־עַמִּי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה הוֹלֵךְ֙ לָקַ֣חַת אִשָּׁ֔ה מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָעֲרֵלִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶל־אָבִיו֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ קַֽח־לִ֔י כִּֽי־הִ֖יא יָשְׁרָ֥ה בְעֵינָֽי	3		And his father and his mother said to him, Is there no woman among the daughters of your kin and among all my people that you would go to take a woman from the fore-skinned Philistines? And Sampson said to his father, Take her for me, for this is upright in my eyes.	3e	4C	38 18
וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי־תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא־מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל	4		And his father and his mother did not know that this was from Yahweh, for he sought an opportunity from the Philistines, and at that time, the Philistines were proverbial in Israel.	3e	4C	24 14
וַיֵּ֧רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן וְאָבִ֥יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּפִ֣יר אֲרָי֔וֹת שֹׁאֵ֖ג לִקְרָאתֽוֹ	5		And Sampson went down, and his father and his mother, to Timnah. And they came to the vineyards of Timnah, and behold, a lion cub roared when encountering him.	3c	4B	14 22
וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֙הוּ֙ כְּשַׁסַּ֣ע הַגְּדִ֔י וּמְא֖וּמָה אֵ֣ין בְּיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א הִגִּיד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה	6		And the spirit of Yahweh thrived on him, and he rived him as he would have riven a male kid, and there was nothing whatever in his hand, but he did not tell his father or his mother what he had done.	3e	4C	25 15
וַיֵּ֖רֶד וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר לָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּישַׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן	7		And he went down and he spoke to the woman. And she was upright in the eyes of Sampson.	3e	4B	9 8
וַיָּ֤שָׁב מִיָּמִים֙ לְקַחְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֣סַר לִרְא֔וֹת אֵ֖ת מַפֶּ֣לֶת הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה עֲדַ֧ת דְּבוֹרִ֛ים בִּגְוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וּדְבָֽשׁ	8		And he returned regularly to take her, and he turned aside to see the fallen lion. And behold, a colony of bees was in the body of the lion, and honey.	3c	4C	21 16
וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּ אֶל־כַּפָּ֗יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י מִגְּוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה רָדָ֥ה הַדְּבָֽשׁ	9		And he ruled it into his palms, and he went meandering and eating. And he went to his father and his mother, and he gave to them, and they ate. But he did not tell them that from the body of the lion, he had ruled the honey.	3d	4C	34 16
וַיֵּ֥רֶד אָבִ֖יהוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ שָׁ֤ם שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשׂ֖וּ הַבַּחוּרִֽים	10		And his father went down to the woman. And Sampson made a party there, for so youths in their prime will do.	3d	4C	10 17
וַיְהִ֖י כִּרְאוֹתָ֣ם אוֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים מֵֽרֵעִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֖וּ אִתּֽוֹ	11		And it was as they saw him, that they took thirty associates, and they were with him.	3e	4B	7 14
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אָחֽוּדָה־נָּ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִידָ֑ה אִם־הַגֵּ֣ד תַּגִּידוּ֩ אוֹתָ֨הּ לִ֜י שִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ וּמְצָאתֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִפֹ֥ת בְּגָדִֽים	12		And Sampson said to them, I have a riddle now for you, a riddle. If you will make it clear to me in the seven days of the party, and you find out, then I will give you thirty linen sheets, and thirty renewed garments.	3e	4C	15 40
וְאִם־לֹ֣א תוּכְלוּ֮ לְהַגִּ֣יד לִי֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֨ם אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִיפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ ח֥וּדָה חִידָתְךָ֖ וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּה	13		And if you are not able to tell me, then you will yourselves give to me thirty linen sheets and thirty renewed garments. And they said to him, Riddle your riddle, and we will hear it.	3e	4B	30 14
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙ יָצָ֣א מַאֲכָ֔ל וּמֵעַ֖ז יָצָ֣א מָת֑וֹק וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֛וּ לְהַגִּ֥יד הַחִידָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים	14		And he said to them, From the eater emerged food, and from the strong emerged sweetness. But not they were able to tell the riddle, three days.	3d	4B	21 15
וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לְאֵֽשֶׁת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ פַּתִּ֣י אֶת־אִישֵׁ֗ךְ וְיַגֶּד־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִידָ֔ה פֶּן־נִשְׂרֹ֥ף אוֹתָ֛ךְ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֖יךְ בָּאֵ֑שׁ הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּ קְרָאתֶ֥ם לָ֖נוּ הֲלֹֽא	15		And it was on the seventh day, and they said to the wife of Sampson, Cajole your man, and let him make clear for us the riddle lest we incinerate you and the house of your father in fire. Have you called us to dispossess us? Is it not?	3d	4C	41 11
וַתֵּבְךְּ֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן עָלָ֗יו וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ רַק־שְׂנֵאתַ֙נִי֙ וְלֹ֣א אֲהַבְתָּ֔נִי הַֽחִידָ֥ה חַ֙דְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמִּ֔י וְלִ֖י לֹ֣א הִגַּ֑דְתָּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֗הּ הִנֵּ֨ה לְאָבִ֧י וּלְאִמִּ֛י לֹ֥א הִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְלָ֥ךְ אַגִּֽיד	16		And the wife of Sampson wept over him, and she said, Certainly you hate me, and you do not love me. Have you riddled a riddle for the children of my people, and to me you have not told it? And he said to her, Behold, my father and my mother I did not tell. To you will I tell?	3c	4B	38 20
וַתֵּ֤בְךְּ עָלָיו֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּגֶּד־לָהּ֙ כִּ֣י הֱצִיקַ֔תְהוּ וַתַּגֵּ֥ד הַחִידָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י עַמָּֽהּ	17		And she wept over him the seven days that was their party. And it was on the seventh day that he told her, for she impeded him, and he told the riddle for the children of her people.	3e	4C	19 26
וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ יָבֹ֣א הַחַ֔רְסָה מַה־מָּת֣וֹק מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה עַ֖ז מֵאֲרִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לוּלֵא֙ חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔י לֹ֥א מְצָאתֶ֖ם חִידָתִֽי	18		And the men of the city said to him on the seventh day before the hot sun had set, What is sweeter than honey and what is stronger than a lion? And he said to them, if you had not ploughed with my calf, you would not have found my riddle.	3e	4B	32 21
וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַשְׁקְל֜וֹן וַיַּ֥ךְ מֵהֶ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־חֲלִ֣יצוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּתֵּן֙ הַחֲלִיפ֔וֹת לְמַגִּידֵ֖י הַחִידָ֑ה וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַיַּ֖עַל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהוּ	19		And the spirit of Yahweh thrived on him, and he went down to Ashkelon and struck of them thirty men. And he took their gear, and he gave the renewals to those who told the riddle. And his anger burned, and he went up to the house of his father.	3e	4B	45 12
וַתְּהִ֖י אֵ֣שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן לְמֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רֵעָ֖ה לֽוֹ	20		And she became, the wife of Sampson, his associate's, who was his friend.	3e	4B	6 10

Psalms 14

Psalms 14		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אָ֘מַ֤ר נָבָ֣ל בְּ֭לִבּוֹ אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים הִֽשְׁחִ֗יתוּ הִֽתְעִ֥יבוּ עֲלִילָ֗ה אֵ֣ין עֹֽשֵׂה־טֽוֹב	1		For the leader. Of David. Senseless said in its heart, God? Nothing. They destroy, they do abomination, wantonness. There is none doing good.	3e	4C	7 11 13
יְֽהוָ֗ה מִשָּׁמַיִם֮ הִשְׁקִ֪יף עַֽל־בְּנֵי־אָ֫דָ֥ם לִ֭רְאוֹת הֲיֵ֣שׁ מַשְׂכִּ֑יל דֹּ֝רֵשׁ אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים	2		Yahweh, from the heavens, leaned over to have a look at the human children, to see if there were any with insight, searching out God.	3d	4B	11 6 6
הַכֹּ֥ל סָר֮ יַחְדָּ֪ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד	3		The lot of them are stubborn, altogether corrupt. There is none doing good, not even a single one.	3d	4C	9 4 4
הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ	4		Did they not know. all these workers of mischief, eating my people as they eat bread? Yahweh they do not call.	3d	4B	10 8 6
שָׁ֤ם ׀ פָּ֣חֲדוּ פָ֑חַד כִּֽי־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים בְּד֣וֹר צַדִּֽיק	5	C	There they dread dread, because God is in the generation of one who is righteous.	3e	4C	6 7
עֲצַת־עָנִ֥י תָבִ֑ישׁוּ כִּ֖י יְהוָ֣ה מַחְסֵֽהוּ	6		You shame the advice of the poor, because Yahweh is their refuge.	3e	4B	7 6
מִ֥י יִתֵּ֣ן מִצִּיּוֹן֮ יְשׁוּעַ֪ת יִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֭הוָה שְׁב֣וּת עַמּ֑וֹ יָגֵ֥ל יַ֝עֲקֹ֗ב יִשְׂמַ֥ח יִשְׂרָֽאֵל	7	f	When will the salvation of Israel be given from Zion? When Yahweh turns the captivity of his people, Jacob will rejoice, Israel will be glad.	3d	4B	12 8 10

Daniel 10

I make notes as I read and then I erase them because the problems I was encountering are over. Or at least I think so. Some notes I turn into html comments. But rarely. I think that conclusions about how we should behave are very difficult to say clearly. I am now even afraid of my questions. Those who actually might know won't say anything. And those who know nothing except a party line and who have not read the text will spout the line without thinking.

My old company (1968-1980) has a one word motto: Think. If only I had time...

The stem בין may be the preposition between, or the concept of discernment or understanding. I have varied this gloss. Even in my earliest days with the poetry of the psalms I allowed this variation though I was almost compulsive with insisting on the recognition of recurring words. Daniel is portrayed as understanding or discerning. I doubt that this is understanding to the point of full explanation. Such a desire trivializes the beauty of creation and the things we cannot know fully with words. So please don't read understanding in this way. We do have to use words with all their limitations. The Bible is not for pat answers, but for for instruction in the exercise of love and worship. And these are not rule-bound.

Some words can be varied without compromise. If a new word appears that I must gloss as shrewd then I would have to go back and remove shrewd as a gloss for all occurrences of חכם. Similarly if a new word occurred that I must use discern for, I would have to change all the occurrences of בין where I used discern.

On the other hand, there are different stems used in the domain of seeing in this chapter, vision, appearance, and gaze - note the possible variations elsewhere in this list. These stems have other glosses in other domains. I note in passing that I have used sight for more than one stem. I allow some exceptions for literary or idiomatic reasons.

חזה vision (44) gaze (43) visionary (16) torso (13) envision (4)
ראה see (505) saw (285) seen (155) appearance (93) appear (77) sees (50) show (58) stare (20) regard (15) seer (10) mirror (4) sight (3) vulture (2) apparition (1) charisma (1) saw fit (1) stared down (1)

I think we must read more of Daniel before we say we understand this. The experience of wrestling with this large historical puzzle has left me in Daniel's state a few times.

Daniel 10		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁל֗וֹשׁ לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס דָּבָר֙ נִגְלָ֣ה לְדָֽנִיֵּ֔אל אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר וֶאֱמֶ֤ת הַדָּבָר֙ וְצָבָ֣א גָד֔וֹל וּבִין֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֔ר וּבִ֥ינָה ל֖וֹ בַּמַּרְאֶֽה	1		In the year third of Cyrus, king of Persia, a word was disclosed to Daniel, whose name is called Belteshazzar, and the word was true and a great host, and he understood the matter, and discerned for himself the appearance.	3e	4C	30 24
בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם אֲנִ֤י דָֽנִיֵּאל֙ הָיִ֣יתִי מִתְאַבֵּ֔ל שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה שָׁבֻעִ֖ים יָמִֽים	2		In those days, I, Daniel, I was in lament three weeks of days.	3e	4C	5 20
לֶ֣חֶם חֲמֻד֞וֹת לֹ֣א אָכַ֗לְתִּי וּבָשָׂ֥ר וָיַ֛יִן לֹא־בָ֥א אֶל־פִּ֖י וְס֣וֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי עַד־מְלֹ֕את שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שָׁבֻעִ֖ים יָמִֽים	3	B	An attractive banquet I did not eat, and flesh and wine did not come to my mouth and I did not rub with makeup, until three weeks of days were fulfilled.	3d	4B	22 11
וּבְי֛וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַאֲנִ֗י הָיִ֛יתִי עַ֣ל יַ֧ד הַנָּהָ֛ר הַגָּד֖וֹל ה֥וּא חִדָּֽקֶל	4		And on the twenty fourth day of the first month, and I was on the dike of the great river (this is Hidkel),	3c	4B	14 18
וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶת־עֵינַי֙ וָאֵ֔רֶא וְהִנֵּ֥ה אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד לָב֣וּשׁ בַּדִּ֑ים וּמָתְנָ֥יו חֲגֻרִ֖ים בְּכֶ֥תֶם אוּפָֽז	5		And I lifted up my eyes, and I saw, and behold, one man clothed in linen, and his loins attired in the finest gold.	3e	4C	19 11
וּגְוִיָּת֣וֹ כְתַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וּפָנָ֞יו כְּמַרְאֵ֤ה בָרָק֙ וְעֵינָיו֙ כְּלַפִּ֣ידֵי אֵ֔שׁ וּזְרֹֽעֹתָיו֙ וּמַרְגְּלֹתָ֔יו כְּעֵ֖ין נְחֹ֣שֶׁת קָלָ֑ל וְק֥וֹל דְּבָרָ֖יו כְּק֥וֹל הָמֽוֹן	6		And his body was like beryl, and his face like the appearance of lightning, and his eyes as torches of fire, and his arms and his feet like the colour of burnished brass, and the voice of his words like the voice of a tumult.	3e	4C	39 9
וְרָאִיתִי֩ אֲנִ֨י דָנִיֵּ֤אל לְבַדִּי֙ אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֔ה וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹ֥א רָא֖וּ אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֑ה אֲבָ֗ל חֲרָדָ֤ה גְדֹלָה֙ נָפְלָ֣ה עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַֽיִּבְרְח֖וּ בְּהֵחָבֵֽא	7		And I saw, I, Daniel, alone, the appearance. And everyone that was with me did not see the appearance. Lamentably, a great apprehension had fallen over them, and they ran to camouflage themselves.	3e	4C	35 21
וַאֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י וָֽאֶרְאֶ֗ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֤ה הַגְּדֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁאַר־בִּ֖י כֹּ֑ח וְהוֹדִ֗י נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית וְלֹ֥א עָצַ֖רְתִּי כֹּֽחַ	8		And I was bereft, alone, and I saw this great appearance, and no trace of power was in me, and my splendour changed against me to destruction, and I contained no power.	3e	4C	27 17
וָאֶשְׁמַ֖ע אֶת־ק֣וֹל דְּבָרָ֑יו וּכְשָׁמְעִי֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל דְּבָרָ֔יו וַאֲנִ֗י הָיִ֛יתִי נִרְדָּ֥ם עַל־פָּנַ֖י וּפָנַ֥י אָֽרְצָה	9		And I heard the voice of his words. And when I heard the voice of his words, then I, I became stupefied over my presence, and my face was earthward.	3d	4B	8 24
וְהִנֵּה־יָ֖ד נָ֣גְעָה בִּ֑י וַתְּנִיעֵ֥נִי עַל־בִּרְכַּ֖י וְכַפּ֥וֹת יָדָֽי	10		And behold a hand touched me, and made me waver to and fro to my knees and the palms of my hands.	3e	4B	7 12
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֡י דָּנִיֵּ֣אל אִישׁ־חֲ֠מֻדוֹת הָבֵ֨ן בַּדְּבָרִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר֩ אָנֹכִ֨י דֹבֵ֤ר אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ וַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־עָמְדֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה שֻׁלַּ֣חְתִּי אֵלֶ֑יךָ וּבְדַבְּר֥וֹ עִמִּ֛י אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה עָמַ֥דְתִּי מַרְעִֽיד	11		And he said to me, Daniel, a man coveted, understand in the words that I speak to you, and stand up. Stand yourself, for now I am sent to you. When he had spoken with me this word, I stood trembling.	3d	4C	44 16
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ אַל־תִּירָ֣א דָנִיֵּאל֒ כִּ֣י ׀ מִן־הַיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧תָּ אֶֽת־לִבְּךָ֛ לְהָבִ֧ין וּלְהִתְעַנּ֛וֹת לִפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נִשְׁמְע֣וּ דְבָרֶ֑יךָ וַאֲנִי־בָ֖אתִי בִּדְבָרֶֽיךָ	12		And he said to me, Do not fear, Daniel, because from the first day that you gave your heart to understand, and to afflict yourself before your God, your words were heard. And I myself have come through your words.	3c	4B	47 8
וְשַׂ֣ר ׀ מַלְכ֣וּת פָּרַ֗ס עֹמֵ֤ד לְנֶגְדִּי֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וְאֶחָ֣ד י֔וֹם וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִֽיכָאֵ֗ל אַחַ֛ד הַשָּׂרִ֥ים הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים בָּ֣א לְעָזְרֵ֑נִי וַאֲנִי֙ נוֹתַ֣רְתִּי שָׁ֔ם אֵ֖צֶל מַלְכֵ֥י פָרָֽס	13		And the chief of the kingdom of Persia stood in front of me twenty one days, and behold, Michael, one of the preeminent nobility came to help me, and I myself remained there next to the sovereigns of Persia.	3d	4C	37 13
וּבָ֙אתִי֙ לַהֲבִ֣ינְךָ֔ אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥ה לְעַמְּךָ֖ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֑ים כִּי־ע֥וֹד חָז֖וֹן לַיָּמִֽים	14		And I have come to make you discern what will befall your people in the aftermath of the days, because the vision is yet for days.	3d	4B	22 7
וּבְדַבְּר֣וֹ עִמִּ֔י כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה נָתַ֧תִּי פָנַ֛י אַ֖רְצָה וְנֶאֱלָֽמְתִּי	15		And when he had spoken with me such words as these, I yielded my face earthward and became dumb.	3c	4B	11 12
וְהִנֵּ֗ה כִּדְמוּת֙ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם נֹגֵ֖עַ עַל־שְׂפָתָ֑י וָאֶפְתַּח־פִּ֗י וָאֲדַבְּרָה֙ וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ אֶל־הָעֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדִּ֔י אֲדֹנִ֗י בַּמַּרְאָה֙ נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ צִירַי֙ עָלַ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָצַ֖רְתִּי כֹּֽחַ	16		And behold, one akin to the children of humanity, touched on my lips. And I opened my mouth, and I spoke, and I said to the one standing before me, My lord, in the appearance, spasms were changed over me, and I contained no power.	3e	4C	16 38
וְהֵ֣יךְ יוּכַ֗ל עֶ֤בֶד אֲדֹנִי֙ זֶ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר עִם־אֲדֹ֣נִי זֶ֑ה וַאֲנִ֤י מֵעַ֙תָּה֙ לֹֽא־יַעֲמָד־בִּ֣י כֹ֔חַ וּנְשָׁמָ֖ה לֹ֥א נִשְׁאֲרָה־בִֽי	17		For how can a servant of this my lord speak with this my lord? And myself from now, power will not stand in me, and there is no trace of breath in me.	3e	4C	18 20
וַיֹּ֧סֶף וַיִּגַּע־בִּ֛י כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וַֽיְחַזְּקֵֽנִי	18		And again, then one touched me who appeared as a human, and he made me resolute.	3c	3g	16
וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אַל־תִּירָ֧א אִישׁ־חֲמֻד֛וֹת שָׁל֥וֹם לָ֖ךְ חֲזַ֣ק וַחֲזָ֑ק וּֽבְדַבְּר֤וֹ עִמִּי֙ הִתְחַזַּ֔קְתִּי וָאֹֽמְרָ֛ה יְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י כִּ֥י חִזַּקְתָּֽנִי	19		And he said, Do not fear, coveted man. Peace to you. Be resolute and be courageous. And when he had spoken with me, I was encouraged and I said, Let my lord speak, for you make me resolute.	3c	4C	18 23
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲיָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ לָמָּה־בָּ֣אתִי אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְעַתָּ֣ה אָשׁ֔וּב לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִם־שַׂ֣ר פָּרָ֑ס וַאֲנִ֣י יוֹצֵ֔א וְהִנֵּ֥ה שַׂר־יָוָ֖ן בָּֽא	20		And he said, Do you know why I have come to you? And now, I will turn back to fight with the chief of Persia. And I am going forth, and behold the chief of Greece is coming.	3e	4B	27 12
אֲבָל֙ אַגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ אֶת־הָרָשׁ֥וּם בִּכְתָ֖ב אֱמֶ֑ת וְאֵ֨ין אֶחָ֜ד מִתְחַזֵּ֤ק עִמִּי֙ עַל־אֵ֔לֶּה כִּ֥י אִם־מִיכָאֵ֖ל שַׂרְכֶֽם	21		Lamentably, I make clear to you even what is signified in the written truth, but there is no one resolute with me over these things, except Michael your chief.	3e	4C	14 19

Isaiah 26

Stem derivation is a bit of an art. How does one know if a stem for the word יצר is יצר or צרר? And are they related? And what are all the uses in the text so we can see how the language works? Not all glossaries agree on the stem for a particular word.

There are 22 Hebrew letters. Geoffrey Khan in The early eastern schools of Hebrew grammatical thought, in Hebrew Scholarship and the Medieval World, ed. Nicholas de Lange. p. 90) quotes Saadya Gaon (c 920) on the division of the Hebrew alphabet into two groups: ‘11 base letters and 11 servile letters that, in the formation of words, are attached to the fundamental root letters’. All letters, ‘base’ or ‘servile’, act as root letters.

These are the two groups: letters that play a grammatical role, א ב ה ו י כ ל מ נ ש ת, and letters that do not play a grammatical role ג ד ז ח ט ס ע פ צ ק ר. There are occasional secondments from one team to the other. Letters in the first group may or may not be part of the stem to be derived. Letters in the second group will always be part of the stem.

Besides this, some letters are weak and disappear in word forms. נ is notorious for this, Example תת is a form of נתן, to give. Two of the three letters have disappeared in the formation of the word from the stem. So also י and ו will disappear and sometimes switch to each other. Occasionally ל, will disappear, but more rarely. So also ה. E.g. in לך which could be to you preposition + pronoun, or go derived from הלך.

So I looked at all the stems with צר in them and found 3 or 4 that might be the stem for this form יצר. I checked this against my Hebrew-Latin concordance and found discrepancies between it and other concordances and glossaries.

Trouble indeed. The accumulated glosses of centuries are not to be trusted. In doing this exercise, I was able to eliminate a gloss, deficiency, from my reading. It came about when trying to force a sense into the wrong stem. Note I can still use the word deficient: The Strong's numbering system for Hebrew words is seriously deficient and misleading. We have to be able to negotiate this archaic and misconstrued system because a number of books reference it. The problem with Strong's is that it attempts to map words to numbers as identifiers. A well-defined identifier must be hidden from the user of a system and cannot contain any functionality except as a pointer. One of my initial problems in starting Hebrew is that there is no public domain minimal list of stems. There will be when I am finished. And I assure you I will not number them but will list them according to their families of sounds.

Here, for instance. is every distinct instance of יצר within a Hebrew word in the Bible - it is revealing of a new clarity to have eliminated that false analysis of the stem. There could be others! They may show up in the pieces that don't quite seem to fit properly in the puzzle. One must learn to press where there is uncertainty. One must also allow some variation. So potter and fashioner are exactly equivalent.

צור
ויצר and besieged, and laid siege, and they consolidated, and they laid siege
צרח
יצריח he will scream
יצר
היצר he fashioned, וייצר and fashioned, ויצר and fashioned, ויצר and fashioning, ויצרה and its potter, ויצרו and its fashioner, ויצרי and my features, ויצרתיה and I fashioned it, יצר fashioning, he fashioned, let fashion, the fashioner, the fashioning of, יצרה he fashioned it, יצרו fashion, fashioned, his fashioning, refashioned, the fashioner, the one who fashions him, were fashioned, יצרי fashioning me, יצרנו our fashioning, our potter, יצרת you fashioned, יצרתי I will fashion, יצרתם you fashioned them, ליצר for the fashioning of, ליצרו to its potter
נצר
יצרוני preserve me, translate me, יצרנהו he preserved him
צרר
ויצר and it was troubling, and there was adversity, ויצרו and they were trouble, יצר give trouble, gives trouble, is in trouble, is trouble, will be trouble, will trouble, יצרו its trouble
צרף
ויצרפו and refined

 As usual, Isaiah was difficult. Why are the Shades or the Titans appearing here, or is it healing? But the direction of the passage is ultimate and hopeful. This is a song.

Isaiah 26		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יוּשַׁ֥ר הַשִּׁיר־הַזֶּ֖ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה עִ֣יר עָז־לָ֔נוּ יְשׁוּעָ֥ה יָשִׁ֖ית חוֹמ֥וֹת וָחֵֽל	1		In that day this song will be sung in the land of Judah, A strong city we have. He will set salvation as ramparts and bulwark.	3e	4B	16 13
פִּתְח֖וּ שְׁעָרִ֑ים וְיָבֹ֥א גוֹי־צַדִּ֖יק שֹׁמֵ֥ר אֱמֻנִֽים	2		Open gates, and a righteous nation keeping faithfulness will enter.	3e	4A	5 11
יֵ֣צֶר סָמ֔וּךְ תִּצֹּ֖ר שָׁל֣וֹם ׀ שָׁל֑וֹם כִּ֥י בְךָ֖ בָּטֽוּחַ	3	B	The fashioning of one who is supported, you will preserve entirely in peace, for in you he trusted.	3e	4B	10 6
בִּטְח֥וּ בַֽיהוָ֖ה עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד כִּ֚י בְּיָ֣הּ יְהוָ֔ה צ֖וּר עוֹלָמִֽים	4		Trust in Yahweh for ever and ever, for in Yah, Yahweh, is an everlasting rock.	3e	4C	7 9
כִּ֤י הֵשַׁח֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מָר֔וֹם קִרְיָ֖ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה יַשְׁפִּילֶ֤נָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ֙ עַד־אֶ֔רֶץ יַגִּיעֶ֖נָּה עַד־עָפָֽר	5	C	For he presses down those sitting on high, a town set on high. He humbles her. He abases her to earth. He wearies her to dust.	3e	4C	12 17
תִּרְמְסֶ֖נָּה רָ֑גֶל רַגְלֵ֥י עָנִ֖י פַּעֲמֵ֥י דַלִּֽים	6		Foot will trample it, the feet of poverty, the anvil of weakness.	3e	4A	6 9
אֹ֥רַח לַצַּדִּ֖יק מֵֽישָׁרִ֑ים יָשָׁ֕ר מַעְגַּ֥ל צַדִּ֖יק תְּפַלֵּֽס	7	f	The path of a righteous one is uprightness. Upright, the track of the righteous one, you level.	3e	4A	8 9
אַ֣ף אֹ֧רַח מִשְׁפָּטֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה קִוִּינ֑וּךָ לְשִׁמְךָ֥ וּֽלְזִכְרְךָ֖ תַּאֲוַת־נָֽפֶשׁ	8	B	Indeed in the path of your judgments, Yahweh, we have waited for you. To your name and to the remembrance of you, is the desire of integrity.	3c	4B	13 12
נַפְשִׁ֤י אִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ בַּלַּ֔יְלָה אַף־רוּחִ֥י בְקִרְבִּ֖י אֲשַֽׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ כִּ֞י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר מִשְׁפָּטֶ֙יךָ֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ צֶ֥דֶק לָמְד֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל	9		Myself, I have desired you in the night, indeed, my spirit within me. I will seek you early. For as your judgments are in the land, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.	3e	4C	20 19
יֻחַ֤ן רָשָׁע֙ בַּל־לָמַ֣ד צֶ֔דֶק בְּאֶ֥רֶץ נְכֹח֖וֹת יְעַוֵּ֑ל וּבַל־יִרְאֶ֖ה גֵּא֥וּת יְהוָֽה	10		Let there be grace to one who is wicked. He will not learn righteousness. In the land of what is straightforward he will be unjust, and he will not see the pride of Yahweh.	3e	4C	18 8
יְהוָ֛ה רָ֥מָה יָדְךָ֖ בַּל־יֶחֱזָי֑וּן יֶחֱז֤וּ וְיֵבֹ֙שׁוּ֙ קִנְאַת־עָ֔ם אַף־אֵ֖שׁ צָרֶ֥יךָ תֹאכְלֵֽם	11		Yahweh, your hand is exalted. They will not gaze. They will gaze and they will be ashamed. The jealousy of the people, the anger of the fire of your foes, will devour them.	3d	4C	11 17
יְהוָ֕ה תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ת שָׁל֖וֹם לָ֑נוּ כִּ֛י גַּ֥ם כָּֽל־מַעֲשֵׂ֖ינוּ פָּעַ֥לְתָּ לָּֽנוּ	12		Yahweh, you will ordain peace for us, for even all our deeds you have worked for us.	3d	4A	8 12
יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּעָל֥וּנוּ אֲדֹנִ֖ים זֽוּלָתֶ֑ךָ לְבַד־בְּךָ֖ נַזְכִּ֥יר שְׁמֶֽךָ	13		Yahweh our God, lords have owned us, besides you. Alone in you, we remember your name.	3e	4B	17 9
מֵתִים֙ בַּל־יִחְי֔וּ רְפָאִ֖ים בַּל־יָקֻ֑מוּ לָכֵ֤ן פָּקַ֙דְתָּ֙ וַתַּשְׁמִידֵ֔ם וַתְּאַבֵּ֥ד כָּל־זֵ֖כֶר לָֽמוֹ	14		Dead, they will not live. Shades, they will not arise. So you have visited and exterminated them, and eliminated every memory of them.	3e	4C	12 17
יָסַ֤פְתָּ לַגּוֹי֙ יְהוָ֔ה יָסַ֥פְתָּ לַגּ֖וֹי נִכְבָּ֑דְתָּ רִחַ֖קְתָּ כָּל־קַצְוֵי־אָֽרֶץ	15		You have added to the nation, Yahweh. You have added to the nation. You are glorified. You have put at a distance all the limits of the land.	3e	4C	17 7
יְהוָ֖ה בַּצַּ֣ר פְּקָד֑וּךָ צָק֣וּן לַ֔חַשׁ מוּסָרְךָ֖ לָֽמוֹ	16		Yahweh in trouble they entrusted you. They agonized, worried when your chastening was to them.	3e	4B	8 9
כְּמ֤וֹ הָרָה֙ תַּקְרִ֣יב לָלֶ֔דֶת תָּחִ֥יל תִּזְעַ֖ק בַּחֲבָלֶ֑יהָ כֵּ֛ן הָיִ֥ינוּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה	17		Like one pregnant, she comes near to give birth, she writhes, she appeals in her pangs. So we have been from your presence Yahweh.	3d	4C	18 10
הָרִ֣ינוּ חַ֔לְנוּ כְּמ֖וֹ יָלַ֣דְנוּ ר֑וּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת֙ בַּל־נַ֣עֲשֶׂה אֶ֔רֶץ וּבַֽל־יִפְּל֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל	18		We have been pregnant. We have writhed like we have given birth to wind. Victories of the earth, we have not made. But the inhabitants of the world have not miscarried.	3e	4B	12 17
יִֽחְי֣וּ מֵתֶ֔יךָ נְבֵלָתִ֖י יְקוּמ֑וּן הָקִ֨יצוּ וְרַנְּנ֜וּ שֹׁכְנֵ֣י עָפָ֗ר כִּ֣י טַ֤ל אוֹרֹת֙ טַלֶּ֔ךָ וָאָ֖רֶץ רְפָאִ֥ים תַּפִּֽיל	19		Your dead will live. With my corpse they will arise. Awaken and shout for joy, those that dwell in dust, for the dew of light is your dew, and the land will let Shades fall.	3e	4C	12 25
לֵ֤ךְ עַמִּי֙ בֹּ֣א בַחֲדָרֶ֔יךָ וּֽסְגֹ֥ר דְּלָתְךָ֖ בַּעֲדֶ֑ךָ חֲבִ֥י כִמְעַט־רֶ֖גַע עַד־יַעֲבָר־זָֽעַם	20	C	Come my people. Enter my inner room, and lock your portal about you. Shroud yourself for a brief moment, until indignation is passed by.	3e	4C	18 12
כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ לִפְקֹ֛ד עֲוֺ֥ן יֹֽשֵׁב־הָאָ֖רֶץ עָלָ֑יו וְגִלְּתָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־דָּמֶ֔יהָ וְלֹֽא־תְכַסֶּ֥ה ע֖וֹד עַל־הֲרוּגֶֽיהָ	21		For behold, Yahweh comes forth from his place to visit the iniquity of the inhabitants of the earth over him, and the earth will disclose her blood, and no longer will you cover concerning her slain.	3d	4C	20 21

The toughest word

What's in a word? Nothing at all. By itself, it is a grunt. Too little information. A word only 'means' something through its usage. So how is it used? And what other grunts is it used with? And over what period of time and in what cultures? O my beard and whiskers - that is too much information.

I have been asking myself about the grunt that sounds like nephesh נפשׁ in Hebrew. There are of course pat answers and common glosses. But do they point to truth? Is it really the same idea as the English soul?

The wiki article on soul is really quite interesting. It appears that both the Greek and Hebrew origins are related to breathing. What does that do for my chosen glosses for this word? For some of them, the connection to breathing is clear.

I began in 2010 with being, but it is not perfect for a choice as gloss. It overlaps with both an English helping verb and the verb to be and clearly hayah does not sound like nephesh. Being is not the dominant gloss for נפשׁ in my reading. It is about 31% of usage excluding the 440 times I have glossed the stem as a personal pronoun. And the overlap with to be is minimal - I have used being for העה only a dozen times. The overlap with helping verbs is also small. I use being only about 40 times as a helping verb.

The most 'literal' meaning of נפשׁ is the very physical throat. In some contexts it can also refer to a cadaver whether walking and talking or not. Where there is a whole bunch of people referred to as one nephesh, I have used the gloss group.

I have used these glosses.
being (215 uses so far) integrity (85) very self (53) group (46) self (44) throat (31) cadaver (25) -- (10) anyone (5) regroup (3) very selves (3) group being (2) selfish (2) selves (2) -hold (1) being - being (1) everyone (1) groups together (1) self- (1) such selves (1), glossed as a pronoun (440)

It can be used as a verb also - see the uses of regroup below.

What is my conclusion? Is there an immortal soul, integrity, self, group for all? The text of the Bible neither supports this conclusion nor denies it. When I say all, I include all animal life. See Qohelet below. Chapter 6 is a meditation on justice. But it is chapter 3 that deals with spirit (sprite) that would be more relevant to an approach to our study of animal life. Ecclesiastes 3:21 is a question that is timeless:

Who knows if the sprite of the earthling child ascends herself upward,
or the sprite of the beast descends herself to the couch of the earth?

Though spirit is the dominant gloss for this stem, the gloss for רוח in Qohelet is mostly (17/24) wind. And in this chapter we have the merism of up and down to deal with as well!

רוח spirit (232) wind (125) interval (3) sprite (2) windy (2) aspirate (1) breathing-room (1) there spirit (1) ventilate (1) wisp (1)

Having got this far, I have not got far. But I have seen the landscape. My conclusion is that we must love. And it will be costly. One word won't get us everywhere. If there is an outside of time, a grave gravity graven in this canonical grove, a unity that is good, and which we must distinguish from the not good, then we will get there. And I am sure we will find comfort.

The TNK (Hebrew Bible) is a source for my conclusions if I read it well. There are for me, and must be for others, other sources, but I have not had time to read them in this kind of detail. And given the errors that can be derived from a poor reading, I think it is important not to jump to conclusions.

---

Below are all 741 uses of נפשׁ. The sequence they are in is word form within book. Unfortunately one can't tell much from a list of locations where a word is used. But one could study them further. The hand below points to the chapter in Bob's Bible where this phrase is used (available if it is drafted and published). The hover links are to the Common Jewish Bible.

Genesis נפשׁ
בנפשׁו in his integrity	Gen 44:30 ✍,
בנפשׁו in its integrity	Gen 9:4 ✍,
הנפשׁ the cadavers	Gen 14:21 ✍,
הנפשׁ the group	Gen 12:5 ✍, Gen 46:26 ✍,
הנפשׁ the group of	Gen 46:27 ✍,
הנפשׁ very self	Gen 17:14 ✍,
ונפשׁו for his integrity	Gen 44:30 ✍,
לנפשׁ to self	Gen 2:7 ✍,
לנפשׁתיכם for your integrity	Gen 9:5 ✍,
נפשׁ a group of	Gen 46:27 ✍,
נפשׁ being	Gen 1:20 ✍, Gen 1:24 ✍, Gen 9:12 ✍, Gen 9:15 ✍, Gen 9:16 ✍,
נפשׁ beings	Gen 9:10 ✍,
נפשׁ his being	Gen 37:21 ✍,
נפשׁ in the group	Gen 46:18 ✍,
נפשׁ the being	Gen 1:21 ✍,
נפשׁ the being of	Gen 1:30 ✍,
נפשׁ the group being	Gen 46:22 ✍, Gen 46:25 ✍,
נפשׁ the group of	Gen 46:15 ✍,
נפשׁ the group was	Gen 46:26 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	Gen 9:5 ✍,
נפשׁ the self	Gen 2:19 ✍,
נפשׁה her being	Gen 35:18 ✍,
נפשׁו -	Gen 34:3 , Gen 34:8 ,
נפשׁו his being	Gen 42:21 ✍,
נפשׁות -hold	Gen 36:6 ✍,
נפשׁי I	Gen 12:13 ✍, Gen 19:20 ✍, Gen 27:4 ✍, Gen 27:25 ✍, Gen 32:31 ✍,
נפשׁי me	Gen 19:19 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Gen 49:6 ✍,
נפשׁך you	Gen 27:19 ✍, Gen 27:31 ✍,
נפשׁך your self	Gen 19:17 ✍,
נפשׁכם your group	Gen 23:8 ✍,

Exodus נפשׁ
הנפשׁ being	Exo 12:15 ✍, Exo 12:19 ✍,
הנפשׁ group	Exo 31:14 ✍,
וינפשׁ and regrouped	Exo 31:17 ✍,
וינפשׁ and will regroup	Exo 23:12 ✍,
נפשׁ --	Exo 12:16 ✍,
נפשׁ of them	Exo 1:5 ✍,
נפשׁ those	Exo 1:5 ✍,
נפשׁ throat	Exo 21:23 ✍,
נפשׁ what it is to be	Exo 23:9 ✍,
נפשׁו his integrity	Exo 21:30 ✍,
נפשׁו their own	Exo 30:12 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Exo 15:9 ✍,
נפשׁך your being	Exo 4:19 ✍,
נפשׁת their	Exo 12:4 ✍,
נפשׁתיכם yourselves	Exo 16:16 ✍, Exo 30:15 ✍, Exo 30:16 ✍,

Leviticus נפשׁ
בנפשׁ against the very self	Lev 17:10 ✍,
בנפשׁ against very self	Lev 20:6 ✍,
בנפשׁ for integrity	Lev 17:11 ✍,
בנפשׁו in its integrity	Lev 17:14 ✍,
הנפשׁ --	Lev 23:29 ✍,
הנפשׁ being	Lev 22:3 ✍,
הנפשׁ group	Lev 23:30 ✍,
הנפשׁ the group	Lev 23:30 ✍,
הנפשׁ the very self	Lev 7:25 ✍,
הנפשׁ very self	Lev 7:20 ✍, Lev 7:21 ✍, Lev 7:27 ✍, Lev 19:8 ✍,
הנפשׁות the groups	Lev 18:29 ✍,
והנפשׁ and the self	Lev 7:18 ✍, Lev 20:6 ✍,
והנפשׁ but the self	Lev 7:20 ✍,
ונפשׁ and if anyone	Lev 5:1 ✍,
ונפשׁ and the self	Lev 2:1 ✍, Lev 7:21 ✍,
לנפשׁ for a cadaver	Lev 19:28 ✍, Lev 21:1 ✍,
נפשׁ -	Lev 26:16 ,
נפשׁ a being	Lev 22:6 ✍, Lev 22:11 ✍,
נפשׁ anyone	Lev 5:2 ✍, Lev 5:4 ✍,
נפשׁ being	Lev 24:17 ✍,
נפשׁ beings	Lev 11:10 ✍, Lev 11:46 ✍,
נפשׁ cadaver	Lev 22:4 ✍,
נפשׁ of you	Lev 4:27 ✍,
נפשׁ one	Lev 17:12 ✍,
נפשׁ self	Lev 7:27 ✍,
נפשׁ the being	Lev 11:46 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	Lev 17:11 ✍, Lev 17:14 ✍,
נפשׁ the self	Lev 4:2 ✍, Lev 5:15 ✍, Lev 5:17 ✍, Lev 5:21 ✍,
נפשׁ the throat of	Lev 24:18 ✍,
נפשׁ throat	Lev 24:18 ✍,
נפשׁ you	Lev 17:15 ✍,
נפשׁי -	Lev 26:11 , Lev 26:30 ,
נפשׁכם -	Lev 26:15 ,
נפשׁם -	Lev 26:43 ,
נפשׁת beings	Lev 27:2 ✍,
נפשׁת cadavers	Lev 21:11 ✍,
נפשׁתיכם yourselves	Lev 11:43 ✍, Lev 11:44 ✍, Lev 16:29 ✍, Lev 16:31 ✍, Lev 17:11 ✍, Lev 20:25 ✍, Lev 23:27 ✍, Lev 23:32 ✍,

Numbers נפשׁ
בנפשׁ by anyone's	Num 35:30 ✍,
בנפשׁ the cadaver of	Num 19:13 ✍,
בנפשׁתם against themselves	Num 17:3 ✍,
הנפשׁ being	Num 19:20 ✍,
הנפשׁ cadaver	Num 9:13 ✍,
הנפשׁ group	Num 15:30 ✍, Num 15:31 ✍,
הנפשׁ integrity	Num 5:6 ✍,
הנפשׁ self	Num 19:13 ✍,
הנפשׁ the being	Num 6:11 ✍,
הנפשׁ the self	Num 15:28 ✍,
הנפשׁות the groups	Num 19:18 ✍,
והנפשׁ but the being	Num 19:22 ✍,
והנפשׁ but the self	Num 15:30 ✍,
ונפשׁ and a group of	Num 31:35 ✍, Num 31:40 ✍, Num 31:46 ✍,
ונפשׁנו and our group	Num 21:5 ✍,
לנפשׁ for the cadaver of	Num 35:31 ✍,
לנפשׁ from a cadaver	Num 5:2 ✍, Num 9:6 ✍, Num 9:7 ✍, Num 9:10 ✍,
נפשׁ a being	Num 6:6 ✍, Num 30:14 ✍, Num 31:19 ✍,
נפשׁ a group of	Num 31:40 ✍,
נפשׁ as a group of	Num 21:4 ✍,
נפשׁ being	Num 31:28 ✍,
נפשׁ cadaver	Num 19:11 ✍,
נפשׁ of you	Num 15:27 ✍,
נפשׁ someone	Num 35:11 ✍, Num 35:15 ✍, Num 35:30 ✍,
נפשׁ the group	Num 31:35 ✍,
נפשׁה her very self	Num 30:5 ✍, Num 30:6 ✍, Num 30:7 ✍, Num 30:8 ✍, Num 30:9 ✍, Num 30:10 ✍, Num 30:11 ✍, Num 30:12 ✍, Num 30:13 ✍,
נפשׁו his very self	Num 30:3 ✍,
נפשׁי my throat	Num 23:10 ,
נפשׁנו we	Num 11:6 ✍,
נפשׁתיכם yourselves	Num 29:7 ✍,
נפשׁתינו our group	Num 31:50 ✍,

Deuteronomy נפשׁ
בנפשׁ by throat	Deu 19:21 ✍,
הנפשׁ the integrity	Deu 12:23 ✍,
כנפשׁך -	Deu 23:25 ,
כנפשׁך as your own self	Deu 13:7 ✍,
לנפשׁה -	Deu 21:14 ,
לנפשׁתיכם for your integrity	Deu 4:15 ✍,
נפשׁ -	Deu 22:26 , Deu 24:7 ✍,
נפשׁ --	Deu 24:6 ✍,
נפשׁ a group	Deu 10:22 ✍,
נפשׁ him	Deu 19:6 ✍, Deu 19:11 ✍,
נפשׁ integrity	Deu 28:65 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	Deu 27:25 ✍,
נפשׁ throat	Deu 19:21 ✍,
נפשׁו his very self	Deu 18:6 ✍, Deu 24:15 ✍,
נפשׁך you	Deu 12:20 ✍,
נפשׁך your being	Deu 4:29 ✍, Deu 6:5 ✍, Deu 10:12 ✍, Deu 12:15 ✍, Deu 12:20 ✍, Deu 12:21 ✍, Deu 14:26 ✍, Deu 26:16 ✍, Deu 30:2 ✍, Deu 30:6 ✍, Deu 30:10 ✍,
נפשׁך your integrity	Deu 4:9 ✍,
נפשׁכם your being	Deu 11:13 ✍, Deu 13:4 ✍,
נפשׁכם your very self	Deu 11:18 ✍,

Joshua נפשׁ
הנפשׁ --	Jos 11:11 ✍,
הנפשׁ the group	Jos 10:28 ✍, Jos 10:30 ✍, Jos 10:32 ✍, Jos 10:35 ✍, Jos 10:37 ✍,
לנפשׁתיכם for your integrity	Jos 23:11 ✍,
לנפשׁתינו -	Jos 9:24 ,
נפשׁ someone	Jos 20:3 ✍, Jos 20:9 ✍,
נפשׁ the group	Jos 10:39 ✍,
נפשׁכם your being	Jos 22:5 ✍, Jos 23:14 ✍,
נפשׁנו our group	Jos 2:14 ✍,
נפשׁתינו our group	Jos 2:13 ✍,

Judges נפשׁ
ונפשׁ and those of	Jud 18:25 ✍,
נפשׁ --	Jud 18:25 ✍,
נפשׁו he was	Jud 10:16 ✍, Jud 16:16 ,
נפשׁו his group	Jud 5:18 ✍,
נפשׁו his very self	Jud 9:17 ,
נפשׁי me	Jud 16:30 ,
נפשׁי my group	Jud 12:3 ✍,
נפשׁי my integrity	Jud 5:21 ✍,
נפשׁך your very self	Jud 18:25 ✍,

1 Samuel נפשׁ
בנפשׁ -	1Sa 18:1 ,
בנפשׁי for me	1Sa 28:9 ✍,
ובנפשׁי and in my being	1Sa 2:35 ✍,
ונפשׁ -	1Sa 18:1 ,
כנפשׁו -	1Sa 18:1 , 1Sa 18:3 ,
נפשׁ -	1Sa 25:29 ,
נפשׁ --	1Sa 22:2 ✍, 1Sa 25:29 ,
נפשׁ being	1Sa 1:10 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	1Sa 22:22 ✍, 1Sa 30:6 ✍,
נפשׁו -	1Sa 20:17 ,
נפשׁו his very self	1Sa 19:5 , 1Sa 23:15 ✍,
נפשׁי me	1Sa 22:23 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	1Sa 1:15 ✍, 1Sa 28:21 ✍,
נפשׁי my integrity	1Sa 20:1 , 1Sa 24:12 ✍, 1Sa 26:21 ✍, 1Sa 26:24 ✍,
נפשׁך -	1Sa 20:4 ,
נפשׁך you	1Sa 2:16 ✍, 1Sa 2:33 ✍, 1Sa 20:3 , 1Sa 22:23 ✍, 1Sa 25:26 ,
נפשׁך your being	1Sa 1:26 ✍, 1Sa 17:55 ✍, 1Sa 19:11 , 1Sa 23:20 ✍, 1Sa 25:29 ,
נפשׁך your integrity	1Sa 26:24 ✍,

2 Samuel נפשׁ
בנפשׁ for the integrity of	2Sa 14:7 ✍,
בנפשׁותם -	2Sa 23:17 ,
בנפשׁי -	2Sa 18:13 ,
וינפשׁ and he regrouped	2Sa 16:14 ✍,
ונפשׁ and the integrity of	2Sa 19:6 ✍,
נפשׁ -	2Sa 17:8 ,
נפשׁ a cadaver	2Sa 14:14 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	2Sa 5:8 ✍, 2Sa 19:6 ✍,
נפשׁי me	2Sa 4:9 ✍,
נפשׁי my integrity	2Sa 1:9 ✍, 2Sa 16:11 ✍,
נפשׁך your being	2Sa 4:8 ✍,
נפשׁך your integrity	2Sa 3:21 ✍, 2Sa 11:11 ✍, 2Sa 14:19 ✍,
נפשׁך your very self	2Sa 19:6 ✍,

1 Kings נפשׁ
בנפשׁו against himself	1Kings 2:23 ✍,
כנפשׁ as the cadaver of	1Kings 19:2 ✍,
נפשׁ -	1Kings 17:21 , 1Kings 17:22 ,
נפשׁ --	1Kings 1:12 ✍,
נפשׁ the throat of	1Kings 3:11 ✍,
נפשׁו -	1Kings 20:39 , 1Kings 20:42 ,
נפשׁו he was	1Kings 19:4 ✍,
נפשׁו his own cadaver	1Kings 19:3 ✍,
נפשׁי me	1Kings 1:29 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	1Kings 20:32 ,
נפשׁי my cadaver	1Kings 19:4 ✍,
נפשׁי my throat	1Kings 19:10 ✍, 1Kings 19:14 ✍,
נפשׁך -	1Kings 20:39 , 1Kings 20:42 ,
נפשׁך your being	1Kings 20:31 ,
נפשׁך your cadaver	1Kings 19:2 ✍,
נפשׁך your integrity	1Kings 11:37 ✍,
נפשׁך yourself	1Kings 1:12 ✍,
נפשׁם their integrity	1Kings 2:4 ✍, 1Kings 8:48 ✍,

2 Kings נפשׁ
ונפשׁ and the being of	2Kings 1:13 ✍,
נפשׁ integrity	2Kings 23:3 ✍,
נפשׁה -	2Kings 4:27 ,
נפשׁו -	2Kings 10:24 ,
נפשׁו his integrity	2Kings 23:25 ✍,
נפשׁות those who	2Kings 12:5 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	2Kings 1:13 ✍, 2Kings 1:14 ✍,
נפשׁך you	2Kings 2:2 ✍, 2Kings 2:4 ✍, 2Kings 2:6 ✍, 2Kings 4:30 ,
נפשׁכם your selves	2Kings 9:15 ,
נפשׁם themselves	2Kings 7:7 ✍,

Isaiah נפשׁ
הנפשׁ --	Isa 3:20 ✍,
ונפשׁ and the one who is	Isa 58:10 ✍,
ונפשׁו -	Isa 29:8 ,
ונפשׁם and their group	Isa 46:2 ✍,
לנפשׁך to your being	Isa 51:23 ✍,
לנפשׁם to them	Isa 3:9 ✍,
מנפשׁ from throat	Isa 10:18 ✍,
נפשׁ --	Isa 19:10 ✍,
נפשׁ a self	Isa 32:6 ✍, Isa 49:7 ✍,
נפשׁ integrity	Isa 26:8 ✍,
נפשׁ self	Isa 56:11 ✍,
נפשׁה her throat	Isa 5:14 ✍,
נפשׁו -	Isa 29:8 ,
נפשׁו him	Isa 53:10 ✍,
נפשׁו himself	Isa 53:12 ✍,
נפשׁו his	Isa 53:11 ✍,
נפשׁו his very self	Isa 44:20 ,
נפשׁו its integrity	Isa 15:4 ✍,
נפשׁו its very self	Isa 58:5 ✍,
נפשׁי I	Isa 1:14 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Isa 38:17 ✍, Isa 61:10 ✍,
נפשׁי my very self	Isa 42:1 ✍,
נפשׁי myself	Isa 26:9 ✍,
נפשׁי that is mine	Isa 38:15 ✍,
נפשׁך -	Isa 43:4 ,
נפשׁך your being	Isa 58:10 ✍, Isa 58:11 ✍,
נפשׁכם your integrity	Isa 55:3 ✍,
נפשׁכם your self	Isa 55:2 ✍,
נפשׁם their integrity	Isa 66:3 ✍,
נפשׁם themselves	Isa 47:14 ✍,
נפשׁנו ourselves	Isa 58:3 ✍,

Jeremiah נפשׁ
בנפשׁו by his integrity	Jer 51:14 ✍,
בנפשׁותיכם in your integrity	Jer 17:21 ✍, Jer 42:20 ✍,
הנפשׁ --	Jer 43:6 ✍,
הנפשׁ integrity	Jer 38:16 ✍,
הנפשׁ the very self	Jer 4:10 ✍,
לנפשׁי for me	Jer 18:20 ✍,
לנפשׁכם -	Jer 6:16 ,
לנפשׁם for themselves	Jer 34:16 ✍,
נפשׁ a group of	Jer 52:29 ✍, Jer 52:30 ✍,
נפשׁ groups together	Jer 52:30 ✍,
נפשׁ he	Jer 40:15 ✍,
נפשׁ him	Jer 40:14 ✍,
נפשׁ the being of	Jer 31:14 ✍,
נפשׁ the throat of	Jer 20:13 ✍,
נפשׁ throat	Jer 31:25 ✍,
נפשׁה her throat	Jer 2:24 ✍, Jer 15:9 ✍,
נפשׁה herself	Jer 3:11 ✍,
נפשׁו -	Jer 50:19 ,
נפשׁו his very self	Jer 44:30 ✍,
נפשׁו its very self	Jer 21:9 ✍, Jer 38:2 ✍, Jer 51:6 ✍, Jer 51:45 ✍,
נפשׁות the beings of	Jer 2:34 ✍,
נפשׁותינו ourselves	Jer 26:19 ✍,
נפשׁי -	Jer 6:8 , Jer 13:17 ,
נפשׁי I would have integrity	Jer 15:1 ✍,
נפשׁי O my very self	Jer 4:19 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Jer 32:41 ✍,
נפשׁי my integrity	Jer 5:9 ✍, Jer 5:29 ✍, Jer 9:8 ✍, Jer 12:7 ✍,
נפשׁי my very self	Jer 4:31 ✍,
נפשׁך you	Jer 38:17 ✍, Jer 38:20 ✍,
נפשׁך your being	Jer 11:21 ✍, Jer 39:18 ✍, Jer 45:5 ✍,
נפשׁך your integrity	Jer 14:19 ✍, Jer 22:25 ✍, Jer 38:16 ✍,
נפשׁך your very self	Jer 4:30 ✍,
נפשׁכם -	Jer 48:6 ,
נפשׁם for themselves	Jer 22:27 ✍, Jer 44:14 ✍,
נפשׁם their being	Jer 31:12 ✍,
נפשׁם their cadaver	Jer 19:7 ✍, Jer 19:9 ✍, Jer 21:7 ✍, Jer 34:20 ✍, Jer 34:21 ✍, Jer 46:26 ✍, Jer 49:37 ,
נפשׁתיכם yourselves	Jer 37:9 ✍,
נפשׁתכם your integrity	Jer 44:7 ✍,

Ezekiel נפשׁ
בנפשׁ -	Eze 27:13 ,
בנפשׁ into the will of	Eze 16:27 ✍,
בנפשׁ selfish	Eze 25:6 ✍, Eze 25:15 ✍,
הנפשׁ the being	Eze 18:4 ✍, Eze 18:20 ✍,
הנפשׁות beings	Eze 18:4 ✍,
הנפשׁות the groups	Eze 13:20 ✍,
הנפשׁות the groups that	Eze 13:18 ✍, Eze 13:20 ✍,
וכנפשׁ so the being of	Eze 18:4 ✍,
ונפשׁות and the groups	Eze 13:18 ✍,
כנפשׁ as the being of	Eze 18:4 ✍,
לנפשׁו for its own integrity	Eze 32:10 ✍,
נפשׁ -	Eze 22:25 , Eze 27:31 ,
נפשׁ anyone	Eze 33:6 ✍,
נפשׁ being	Eze 47:9 ✍,
נפשׁ integrity	Eze 36:5 ✍,
נפשׁה -	Eze 23:17 ,
נפשׁו his very self	Eze 33:5 ✍,
נפשׁו its very self	Eze 18:27 ✍,
נפשׁות -	Eze 22:27 ,
נפשׁות everyone	Eze 13:18 ✍,
נפשׁות groups	Eze 13:19 ✍,
נפשׁות throats	Eze 17:17 ✍,
נפשׁי -	Eze 23:18 ,
נפשׁי my being	Eze 4:14 ✍,
נפשׁים the groups	Eze 13:20 ✍,
נפשׁך -	Eze 23:22 , Eze 23:28 ,
נפשׁך your being	Eze 3:19 ✍, Eze 3:21 ✍,
נפשׁך your integrity	Eze 16:5 ✍,
נפשׁך your very self	Eze 33:9 ✍,
נפשׁכם -	Eze 24:21 ,
נפשׁם -	Eze 24:25 ,
נפשׁם their integrity	Eze 7:19 ✍,
נפשׁם themselves	Eze 14:14 ✍, Eze 14:20 ✍,

Hosea נפשׁ
לנפשׁם for themselves	Hos 9:4 ✍,
נפשׁו their being	Hos 4:8 ✍,

Amos נפשׁ
בנפשׁו by his integrity	Amo 6:8 ✍,
נפשׁו himself	Amo 2:14 ✍, Amo 2:15 ✍,

Jonah נפשׁ
בנפשׁ in the being	Jon 1:14 ✍,
נפשׁ the throat	Jon 2:6 ✍,
נפשׁו he was	Jon 4:8 ✍,
נפשׁי I	Jon 2:8 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Jon 4:3 ✍,

Micah נפשׁ
נפשׁו his	Mic 7:3 ✍,
נפשׁי I	Mic 7:1 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Mic 6:7 ✍,

Habakkuk נפשׁ
נפשׁו is his being	Hab 2:4 ✍,
נפשׁו its throat	Hab 2:5 ✍,
נפשׁך your being	Hab 2:10 ✍,

Haggai נפשׁ
נפשׁ being	Hag 2:13 ✍,

Zechariah נפשׁ
נפשׁי my being	Zec 11:8 ✍,
נפשׁם their beings	Zec 11:8 ✍,

Psalms נפשׁ
בנפשׁ in being	Psa 17:9 ,
בנפשׁ into the throat of	Psa 41:3 ,
בנפשׁ to the throat of	Psa 27:12 ,
בנפשׁו by his integrity	Psa 105:22 ,
בנפשׁי on myself	Psa 13:3 ,
בנפשׁי within me	Psa 138:3 ,
בנפשׁם to their being	Psa 106:15 ,
ונפשׁ and a self	Psa 107:9 ✍,
ונפשׁו but his being	Psa 22:30 ✍,
ונפשׁות and	Psa 72:13 ,
ונפשׁי and my being	Psa 6:4 ✍, Psa 35:9 , Psa 71:23 ,
ונפשׁי as my self	Psa 139:14 ✍,
לנפשׁי for me	Psa 35:7 , Psa 59:4 ,
לנפשׁי for my being	Psa 66:16 ,
לנפשׁי my being	Psa 142:5 ,
לנפשׁי of me	Psa 3:3 ✍,
לנפשׁי of my being	Psa 35:12 ,
לנפשׁי to me	Psa 11:1 ,
לנפשׁי to my being	Psa 35:3 ,
לנפשׁם for themselves	Psa 78:18 ✍,
נפשׁ a self	Psa 107:9 ✍,
נפשׁ any being	Psa 19:8 ,
נפשׁ the being of	Psa 34:23 , Psa 86:4 , Psa 94:21 ,
נפשׁ the throat	Psa 69:2 ,
נפשׁ the throat of	Psa 74:19 ,
נפשׁו he	Psa 11:5 , Psa 89:49 ✍,
נפשׁו him	Psa 109:31 ,
נפשׁו himself	Psa 49:19 ,
נפשׁו his throat	Psa 105:18 ,
נפשׁו its own	Psa 10:3 ,
נפשׁו now he	Psa 25:13 ✍,
נפשׁות --	Psa 97:10 ✍,
נפשׁי I am	Psa 57:5 ,
נפשׁי O my being	Psa 42:6 , Psa 42:12 , Psa 43:5 , Psa 103:1 , Psa 103:2 , Psa 103:22 , Psa 104:1 ✍, Psa 104:35 ✍, Psa 116:7 ✍, Psa 146:1 ,
נפשׁי being - my being	Psa 34:3 ,
נפשׁי is my being	Psa 57:7 ,
נפשׁי me	Psa 7:3 ✍, Psa 7:6 ✍, Psa 16:10 , Psa 17:13 , Psa 24:4 , Psa 26:9 , Psa 30:4 , Psa 35:17 , Psa 49:16 , Psa 56:7 , Psa 56:14 , Psa 109:20 ,
נפשׁי my being	Psa 6:5 ✍, Psa 22:21 ✍, Psa 23:3 , Psa 31:8 ✍, Psa 31:10 ✍, Psa 31:14 ✍, Psa 35:4 , Psa 35:13 , Psa 38:13 ✍, Psa 40:15 , Psa 41:5 , Psa 42:2 , Psa 42:3 , Psa 42:5 , Psa 42:7 , Psa 54:5 , Psa 54:6 , Psa 55:19 , Psa 57:2 , Psa 62:2 ✍, Psa 62:6 ✍, Psa 63:2 , Psa 63:6 , Psa 63:9 , Psa 63:10 , Psa 69:11 , Psa 69:19 , Psa 70:3 , Psa 71:10 , Psa 71:13 , Psa 77:3 ✍, Psa 84:3 , Psa 86:2 , Psa 86:4 , Psa 86:13 , Psa 86:14 , Psa 88:4 , Psa 88:15 , Psa 94:17 , Psa 94:19 , Psa 116:4 ✍, Psa 116:8 ✍, Psa 119:20 ✍, Psa 119:25 ✍, Psa 119:28 ✍, Psa 119:81 ✍, Psa 119:129 ✍, Psa 119:167 ✍, Psa 119:175 ✍, Psa 120:2 , Psa 120:6 , Psa 130:5 , Psa 130:6 , Psa 131:2 , Psa 141:8 , Psa 142:8 , Psa 143:3 , Psa 143:6 , Psa 143:8 , Psa 143:11 , Psa 143:12 ,
נפשׁי my self	Psa 25:1 ✍, Psa 25:20 ✍,
נפשׁי now my being is	Psa 119:109 ✍,
נפשׁך your being	Psa 121:7 ,
נפשׁם their being	Psa 33:19 , Psa 78:50 ✍,
נפשׁם their beings	Psa 107:5 ✍, Psa 107:18 ✍, Psa 107:26 ✍,
נפשׁם their self-	Psa 49:9 ,
נפשׁם them	Psa 72:14 ,
נפשׁנו our being	Psa 33:20 , Psa 123:4 , Psa 124:7 ,
נפשׁנו our being is	Psa 44:26 ,
נפשׁנו ours he is	Psa 35:25 ,
נפשׁנו us	Psa 66:9 , Psa 124:4 , Psa 124:5 ,

Proverbs נפשׁ
בנפשׁו against itself	Pro 7:23 ✍, Pro 23:7 ✍,
ונפשׁ and a self	Pro 19:15 ✍,
ונפשׁ and the being of	Pro 25:13 ✍,
ונפשׁ but self	Pro 13:4 ✍,
ונפשׁ but the throat of	Pro 13:2 ✍,
ונפשׁ but to a self	Pro 27:7 ✍,
ונפשׁו and its integrity	Pro 23:14 ✍,
לנפשׁ to integrity	Pro 13:19 ✍, Pro 16:24 ✍,
לנפשׁך for your throat	Pro 3:22 ✍,
לנפשׁך to your being	Pro 2:10 ✍, Pro 24:14 ✍, Pro 29:17 ✍,
לנפשׁך to your integrity	Pro 22:25 ✍,
לנפשׁתם themselves	Pro 1:18 ✍,
נפשׁ a cadaver	Pro 28:17 ✍,
נפשׁ a self	Pro 6:26 ✍, Pro 27:7 ✍,
נפשׁ integrity	Pro 19:2 ✍, Pro 23:2 ✍, Pro 27:9 ✍,
נפשׁ self	Pro 1:19 ✍, Pro 13:8 ✍, Pro 21:10 ✍, Pro 28:25 ✍, Pro 31:6 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	Pro 10:3 ✍, Pro 12:10 ✍, Pro 22:23 ✍,
נפשׁ the self	Pro 16:26 ✍,
נפשׁ the self that	Pro 11:25 ✍,
נפשׁ throat	Pro 25:25 ✍,
נפשׁו for it	Pro 13:4 ✍,
נפשׁו him	Pro 29:10 ✍,
נפשׁו himself	Pro 6:32 ✍, Pro 15:32 ✍,
נפשׁו integrity	Pro 11:17 ✍,
נפשׁו its	Pro 14:10 ✍,
נפשׁו its being	Pro 13:25 ✍, Pro 18:7 ✍,
נפשׁו its integrity	Pro 19:8 ✍, Pro 21:23 ✍, Pro 22:5 ✍,
נפשׁו itself	Pro 6:30 ✍, Pro 8:36 ✍, Pro 13:3 ✍, Pro 16:17 ✍, Pro 19:16 ✍, Pro 20:2 ✍, Pro 29:24 ✍,
נפשׁו to him	Pro 6:16 ✍,
נפשׁות beings	Pro 14:25 ✍,
נפשׁך you	Pro 24:12 ✍,
נפשׁך yourself	Pro 19:18 ✍,
נפשׂות such selves	Pro 11:30 ✍,

Job נפשׁ
בנפשׁ within itself	Job 21:25 ✍,
ונפשׁ and the being of	Job 24:12 ✍, Job 31:39 ✍,
ונפשׁו and his being	Job 14:22 ✍, Job 23:13 ✍,
ונפשׁו and its very self	Job 33:20 ✍,
ונפשׁי and myself	Job 13:14 ✍,
נפשׁ a self	Job 11:20 ✍,
נפשׁ is the being of	Job 12:10 ✍,
נפשׁ self	Job 3:20 ✍,
נפשׁו his very self	Job 2:4 ✍, Job 2:6 ✍, Job 27:8 ✍, Job 31:30 ✍, Job 32:2 ✍, Job 41:21 ✍,
נפשׁו its very self	Job 33:18 ✍, Job 33:22 ✍, Job 33:28 ✍, Job 33:30 ✍,
נפשׁו itself	Job 18:4 ✍,
נפשׁי me	Job 27:2 ✍,
נפשׁי my	Job 16:4 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Job 6:7 ✍, Job 6:11 ✍, Job 7:11 ✍, Job 10:1 ✍, Job 19:2 ✍, Job 30:16 ✍,
נפשׁי my self	Job 9:21 ✍,
נפשׁי my throat	Job 7:15 ✍,
נפשׁי my very self	Job 30:25 ✍,
נפשׁכם your selves	Job 16:4 ✍,
נפשׁם their being	Job 36:14 ✍,

Song נפשׁ
נפשׁי my	Song 1:7 ✍, Song 3:1 ✍, Song 3:2 ✍, Song 3:3 ✍, Song 3:4 ✍,
נפשׁי my self	Song 5:6 ✍,
נפשׁי myself	Song 6:12 ✍,

Ruth נפשׁ
נפשׁ you	Rut 4:15 ✍,

Lamentations נפשׁ
בנפשׁנו ourselves	Lam 5:9 ✍,
לנפשׁ to the being	Lam 3:25 ✍,
לנפשׁי that is mine	Lam 3:51 ✍,
נפשׁ the integrity of	Lam 2:19 ✍,
נפשׁ themselves	Lam 1:11 ✍,
נפשׁי is my being	Lam 3:20 ✍,
נפשׁי me	Lam 1:16 ✍,
נפשׁי my being	Lam 3:17 ✍, Lam 3:24 ✍,
נפשׁי own	Lam 3:58 ✍,
נפשׁם their beings	Lam 2:12 ✍,
נפשׁם themselves	Lam 1:19 ✍,

Qohelet נפשׁ
הנפשׁ that throat	Qoh 6:7 ✍,
ונפשׁו but it	Qoh 6:3 ✍,
לנפשׁו in it	Qoh 6:2 ✍,
נפשׁ self	Qoh 6:9 ✍,
נפשׁו itself	Qoh 2:24 ✍,
נפשׁי me	Qoh 4:8 ✍,
נפשׁי my self	Qoh 7:28 ✍,

Esther נפשׁ
בנפשׁך that you	Est 4:13 ✍,
נפשׁו his very self	Est 7:7 ✍,
נפשׁי my very self	Est 7:3 ✍,
נפשׁם their very selves	Est 8:11 ✍, Est 9:16 ✍, Est 9:31 ✍,

1 Chronicles נפשׁ
בנפשׁותם in their integrity	1Ch 11:19 ✍,
ובנפשׁ and with integrity of	1Ch 28:9 ✍,
ונפשׁ and a group of	1Ch 5:21 ✍,
ונפשׁכם and your being	1Ch 22:19 ✍,

2 Chronicles נפשׁ
נפשׁ the throat of	2Ch 1:11 ✍,
נפשׁו his integrity	2Ch 34:31 ✍,
נפשׁם their integrity	2Ch 6:38 ✍, 2Ch 15:12 ✍,