Wednesday, 31 January 2018

The January 2018 Biblical Studies Carnival 143

"We can't all, and some of us don't. That's all there is to it. ..."
"Can't all what?" said Pooh, rubbing his nose.
"Gaiety. Song-and-dance. Here we go round the mulberry bush."1

Keep on blogging2
Tanakh

R David Moster is beginning a weekly series on the Hebrew Bible.
Deane Galbraith asks if Genesis was authoritative for the Book of Watchers.

Jim Davila has a number of notes:
Jim Davila also points out an extensive article by Wil Gafney on Reading the Bible through Marginal/ized Female Characters.
Reading the stories of the monarchies of Israel and Judah from the stitched together fragments of the royal women reveals very different nations than when read from the perspective of the male characters.
On this subject area, Ian Paul cites the work of Marg Mowczko on women in the Bible.
Marg posts on Deuteronomy 22:28-29.

A note from the Mishnah via John Hobbins via Facebook:
These are the things that have no measure [the more one enlarges and increases them, the better]:
The corner of the field [which is left for the poor], the first-fruits [offerings of income for God’s work], appearances [visits to the house of God, attendance in worship], acts of kindness, and study of Torah [the precepts and examples found in the Bible and tradition].
Bob MacDonald (your host) continues his reading project in Exodus 4 pondering our dependence on Zippora for the emergence of Torah, wondering about sibling rivalry in Numbers 12, and speculating on the music behind qinah rhythm in Ezekiel 19.

Painstaking efforts to improve the biblical text by Carolingian scholars are briefly described here at the Medieval Manuscripts blog.
"Correct carefully the Psalms, the signs in writing …, the songs, the calendar, the grammar …, and the catholic books; because often some desire to pray to God properly, but they pray badly because of faulty books"
David Koyzis invites us to listen to Psalm 1. Here is a preacher's pondering of Psalm 139 (in 4 parts) and its recent reception history. Psalm 25 music again contrasts with the agonies of the preacher who also has a series on Jonah. Andrew Perriman writes on Psalm 82. And here is an example of interpreting the music of the accents in Psalm 82.


And here's a book review. Psalter Mark reviews BW III Psalms Old and New.

John Meade notes alternative readings of Job 24:25b.
Symmachus has read the text differently. He appears to have understood Job’s question not as directed to his three friends but to someone else who could deliver a speech to God on his behalf.
And here's a delightful review of Elaine James,  Landscapes of the Song of Songs, including your host's favorite verse.
Life in the Song is fragile. Life in the Song is also rhythmically, reliably flourishing. This duality is captured beautifully in an interlude in Song 2:15 that James contemplates, “Catch us the foxes, the little foxes who are ruining the vineyards. Our vineyards are in blossom” (22–23). She observes that the foxes, though destructive agents in biblical literature, are here qualified as little. “Despite this destructive potential—and increasing the sense of urgency about the foxes—the vineyards are budding … the poem presents a world that is still coming into full fruition” (22). Humans are inextricably linked in the poem to this landscape, invoked by the term “our” and charged with catching the foxes. In the Song, “the celebration of flourishing in light of fragility creates a fuller sense of goodness as a precious, even threatened possibility, and heightens the need for human responsibility and care”
A throwback from Tim Bulkeley to 2012 - conversations then at bigbible.org and 2018 on Facebook.


Winston McHarg fathoms "further, fuller and final fulfillment in the future", a note from the reception history of the little horn of Daniel.

Peter Leithart writes on Calendrical Patterns in 2 Chronicles.

Michael Langlois has a series on the saga-semitica.

Airton José da Silva is revising and updating his curriculum in 2018. (See the full set of posts for January.)

A throwback to the National Geographic's 1920 magazine: the last Israelitish Blood Sacrifice (via David Moster).

Michael Heiser points out a new open access journal: Hebrew Annual Review and highlights an article on intermarriage.

Jacob Prahlow reviews The Old Testament Case for Nonviolence by Matthew Curtis Fleischer here. Jonathan Esterman also reviews it here.
In the beginning chapters, the author offhandedly refers to the violence of Torah as mere jealousy of HaShem, which discounts and dismisses the decision of the Creator to end life.
"It's a very funny thing," said Bear, "but there seem to be two animals now. 
This...whatever-it-was...has now been joined by another...whatever-it-is... and they are now proceeding in company. Would you mind coming with me, Piglet, in case they turn out to be Hostile Animals?3

 New Testament
The Benedictional of St Æthelwold c 963-984 CE 
Marc Goodacre gives us podcast #81 on Schweitzer and the Historical Jesus.

Kurk Gayle reflects on the Women who taught Jesus.
Gentle strokes in an ongoing brawl on the carnival grounds:

Related studies

Jim Gordon embarks on a year of lectio continua with Mark and a commentary by Boring.

A touch of reception history in a Deflt tile from Jim Gordon at Living Wittily.

Locating the pericopae adulterae, some detailed manuscript evidence from Chris Keith.

Deane has a host of lectures here. Just need to find time to listen to them. This month, note the Yale Divinity School lectures on the Gospel of John.

Yet another Jesus movie. via Jim Davila. “The Young Messiah” is the best Jesus movie ever. Based on Anne Rice’s historical novel, “Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt,” it combines the latest and best in filmmaking, the dramatic arts, mature biblical scholarship, theology and imagination...." ¿que?

Todd Bolen notes the next 6 episodes of Following the Messiah.

The exegetical strategy for John 21 of Aquinas as a "master of the sacred page" is noted here, via Ekaterini G. Tsalampouni.
The first single motif explained by Thomas in John 21:1-6 is “after this” (Greek: meta tauta, Latin: postea). First, he exposes its literal sense: “after what the Evangelist has just narrated,” and then he continues: It is significant that he says this for it shows that Christ was not with them continuously, but appeared to them at intervals. The reason for this was that he had not risen with the same life as before, but with a glorious life, as the angels have and the blessed will have: “Except the gods”, that is, the angels “whose dwelling is not with flesh.”
This out of context assumption of the authority of the Chaldean theology of Daniel 2:11 is thoroughly explored in the article along with a clear description of medieval exegetical procedures.

James Tabor writes on The Earliest Harmonization of the Endings of the New Testament Gospels. Speaking of the ending of Mark he writes: this ending merits careful reading and is a precious and illuminating look at the history of interpretation of the gospels.

Ian Paul has two articles on Paul's understanding of resurrection.
C.D.Elledge reviews the literature on Resurrection in Early Jerusalem.
Phil Long on John Barclay, Pauline Churches and Diaspora Jews, and on Jerry Sumney, Steward of God's Mysteries.
Todd Scacewater reviews William Varner's Linguistic Commentary on Philippians.

Jude seldom makes it into a carnival, so here is a take on Jude as invective. via Jim Davila.
And Michael Kok has a series of posts on 1 Peter.

Brian Small points out new articles on Hebrews. Ken Schenck is outlining Hebrews in detail. Phil Long asks about Hebrews to Revelation. And follows his question up with a series of posts on a problematic combination of terms, e.g. his description of Neusner, Jews and Christians, The Myth of the Common Tradition. Phil asks why not Paul as the author of Hebrews. Summarized links for the month are in Brian's highlights here.

In assessing Hebrews’ understanding of the relationship between the old covenant sacrifices and Christ’s new covenant sacrifice, many scholars conclude that Hebrews takes a negative view of the old covenant cult. Ribbens challenges this position by contending that Hebrews affirms the efficacy of the old covenant sacrifices while also asserting the superiority of Christ’s sacrifice.
Andrew Perriman explains (again) the purpose of narrative historical criticism. He asks also what to do with the second coming and continues the apocalyptic imagery here?
The people of God has stopped telling the dense, prophetically inspired story of its engagement with the God of history and instead lines up in ranks reciting its beliefs, like school children running through the 9x table.
David Bentley Hart replies to NT Wright on translation of the NT.
"Interpreting Paul’s meaning here may be difficult, but translating his language is not. It is a tiresome fact of theological history that, generation upon generation, Christian exegetes choose to draw a veil of delicacy over some of the more jarring claims made by Paul. I fully understand the impulse; but I am no longer as patient with it as I once was."
(via FB and Bill Heroman). Comments from Doug Chaplin here, Christian Century here.
When texts are so close together,
script size and style are essential:
 Harley MS 46, f. 7r

Predicting the future of translation, by Jonathan Orr-stav at Autumn Light.

NRSV to be revised.

Medieval Manuscripts presents some 12th century designs for studying the Bible and its authoritative traditions.
Designing the layout was not easy before the age of print, especially when it meant positioning three different closely related texts of unequal length.
John Meade reflects on the Canon and its definition and function.
"The evidence for an authoritative list of (authoritative) books is not strong in the early period. Not only did early Christians refrain from speaking of their lists this way, but the variance between the contents of the lists themselves manifest that there was no single authoritative list of scriptural books."
OUP also writes about canon, on the origins of the reformation Bible.
And Todd Scacewater lectures on it with fine coffee here.
Ian Paul has a how-to series on interpretation.

Matt Page reviews 2017 Bible Films.

Christopher Robin finished the mouthful he was eating and said carelessly: "I saw a Heffalump to-day, Piglet." 4

Conferences, Archaeology
For Ge'ez grammar lovers, everyone's going to Regina for a conference on Biblical tongues, via Robert Holmstedt.
Ge'ez, it's a real tongue
Theology on tap at the Sail and Anchor pub in Perth - sounds like a good idea, via Michael Kok.
The Macquarie Ancient Languages School  You missed the summer workshop but there is also a winter week in July, via Marg Mowczko.

Free conference March 11-13, on Truth, Lies, and Language in the ancient Mediterranean.

Airton José da Silva on Israel Finklestein's address at SBL/AAR, "I went to dig at Kiriath-jearim with a theory, and right at the beginning of the project I ostensibly found support for it in the field. This was terrifying. I was relieved when later things became confused."

Bob Cargill, XKV8R, is the new editor of BAR. via Jim Davila as is the following: Recovering the text of a charred Biblical codex - astonishing technology soon to be a TV show somewhere near you.

Can you identify fragment C from Oxyrynchus here, via Jim Davila. Jim West reports a possible solution. Jim Davila has a response here via Richard Steiner.

Deciphering the Rosetta Stone, as Jim Davila says, an oft-told story, but always worth hearing again.
Deciphering one of the cryptic scripted DSS, JBL 136, no. 4 (2017): 905-936 - PDF also available via Academia as noted here. Lots more - endless reading - on the DSS here.

And here is some reconstructed music from ancient Egypt by Heidi Kopp-Junk. Sounds very tonal, even with a sequence.

AI and deciphering ancient codes. Was the Voynich manuscript written in Hebrew?

In Memoriam
J.Z.Smith, Richard Newton, Russell McCutcheon.
Lawrence Stager, Jim Davila.
Donald Verseput, d. millar.
Joachim Gnilka, Ekaterini G. Tsalampouni.

Postscript
A comment from Kierkegaard on scholarship from Stephen Westerholm via d. millar.
A note via OUP from Louis Rosenblatt on the question Are the gods indifferent?
A conversation among the talking snake, the burning bush, and Toni, the talking donkey..

"It is hard to be brave," said Piglet, sniffing slightly, "when you're only a Very Small Animal."5

Next Carnival 144 - 12 years of monthly carnivals, stretched over an elapsed time longer by a year, for the early ones were less regular.

Upcoming carnivals are coming from:
February 2018 (Due March 1) – Jacob Prahlow (@prahlowjacob)
March 2018 (Due April 1) – Jim West (@drjewest)

1 Winnie the Pooh, In which Eeyore has a birthday.
2 thanks to Jim Gordon at Living Wittily on his purpose re blogging.
3 Winnie the Pooh, In which Pooh and Piglet go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle.
4 Winnie the Pooh, In which Piglet Meets a Heffalump.
5 Winnie the Pooh, In which Kanga and Baby Roo Come to the Forest and Piglet has a Bath.

 Disclaimer: the opinions expressed in the linked posts are not necessarily congruent with your host's opinions. Each selected post should represent critical engagement with the canonical text and its sources and may also represent reception in art, culture, religion or liturgical practice of any age where such engagement and reception is recorded. Critical in this context implies a good question from the post author's point of departure.

 Acknowledgement: without people named Jim, the carnival would be a less interesting place.
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Ezekiel 19

Verse 11, in the extended parable, the pronouns change here from feminine to masculine/neuter. I have altered the text to read clouds (עבים) rather than cords (עבתים).

This being a dirge (qinah), it should be in qinah meter. Like Lamentations 3. It could be formatted in shorter lines. (Some possible explanations here.)

See if the music suggests the 3+2 patterns. I don't think it does. I have never embraced the 19th century view of Hebrew poetry in any case. The music shows clear tonal movement and clear accents based on changes of pitch.

verse 2a bar structure implies a long upbeat (4 syllables with a mordent dit-dit-dit-dah), then 4 'bars' dit-dit-dah-dit-dit dah, dah-dit-dit, dah-dit, dah-dit. Take dah and dit as equal length but less equal stress.
verse 2b a short upbeat then rhythms by bar as dah-dit-dit, dah-dit, dah-dit, dah-dit,

I put the rest of this thoroughly boring analysis below. Just sing it. Eventually the music will speak its own language. It is a syllabic free pulse like plainsong. Flexible speech rhythm for prose. In poetry or prose, don't let a syllable disappear entirely.

[Here is an example of how this sort of music might be sung. This example is for 2 Samuel 1:19. I did a version here (pdf). Full chapter here. I don't have the singing resources to record Ezekiel 19 or the composition resources to develop an accompaniment.]


Ezekiel 19 Fn Min Max Syll
וְאַתָּה֙ שָׂ֣א קִינָ֔ה אֶל־נְשִׂיאֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 And you lift up a dirge to the principals of Israel. 3e 4B 13
וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ מָ֤ה אִמְּךָ֙ לְבִיָּ֔א בֵּ֥ין אֲרָי֖וֹת רָבָ֑צָה
בְּת֥וֹךְ כְּפִרִ֖ים רִבְּתָ֥ה גוּרֶֽיהָ		 2 And say, What is your mother? a great cat? between lions reclining,
in the midst of young lions, increasing her whelps?		 3e 4C 17
10
וַתַּ֛עַל אֶחָ֥ד מִגֻּרֶ֖יהָ כְּפִ֣יר הָיָ֑ה
וַיִּלְמַ֥ד לִטְרָף־טֶ֖רֶף אָדָ֥ם אָכָֽל		 3 And she brought up one from her whelps. A young lion it became,
and it learned to tear prey. Human, it eats.		 3d 4B 13
11
וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו גּוֹיִ֖ם בְּשַׁחְתָּ֣ם נִתְפָּ֑שׂ
וַיְבִאֻ֥הוּ בַֽחַחִ֖ים אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם		 4 And nations heard about it. In their ditch it was arrested,
and they brought it in thorns to the land of Egypt.		 3d 4B 13
13
וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ כִּ֣י נֽוֹחֲלָ֔ה אָבְדָ֖ה תִּקְוָתָ֑הּ
וַתִּקַּ֛ח אֶחָ֥ד מִגֻּרֶ֖יהָ כְּפִ֥יר שָׂמָֽתְהוּ		 5 And she saw that she had hoped. Perished was her expectation.
And she took one from her whelps, a young lion. She set it in place.		 3d 4B 12
14
וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בְּתוֹךְ־אֲרָי֖וֹת כְּפִ֣יר הָיָ֑ה
וַיִּלְמַ֥ד לִטְרָף־טֶ֖רֶף אָדָ֥ם אָכָֽל		 6 And it walked in the midst of lions. A young lion it became,
and it learned to tear prey. Human, it eats.		 3e 4B 13
11
וַיֵּ֙דַע֙ אַלְמְנוֹתָ֔יו וְעָרֵיהֶ֖ם הֶחֱרִ֑יב
וַתֵּ֤שַׁם אֶ֙רֶץ֙ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ מִקּ֖וֹל שַׁאֲגָתֽוֹ		 7 And it knew its widowed places, and their cities it made desert,
and wasteland was earth and her fullness, from the voice of its roaring.		 3e 4C 14
14
וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ עָלָ֥יו גּוֹיִ֛ם סָבִ֖יב מִמְּדִינ֑וֹת
וַֽיִּפְרְשׂ֥וּ עָלָ֛יו רִשְׁתָּ֖ם בְּשַׁחְתָּ֥ם נִתְפָּֽשׂ		 8 And nations were positioned against it round about from the provinces,
and they spread over it their net. In their ditch it was arrested.		 3d 4A 12
13
וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֤הוּ בַסּוּגַר֙ בַּֽחַחִ֔ים וַיְבִאֻ֖הוּ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל
יְבִאֻ֙הוּ֙ בַּמְּצֹד֔וֹת לְמַ֗עַן לֹא־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע קוֹל֛וֹ ע֖וֹד אֶל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 		9 And they consigned it in prison among thorns, and brought it to the king of Babel.
They conducted it into the fortresses, so that its voice was not heard any more on the mountains of Israel.		 3d 4C 19
22
אִמְּךָ֥ כַגֶּ֛פֶן בְּדָמְךָ֖ עַל־מַ֣יִם שְׁתוּלָ֑ה
פֹּֽרִיָּה֙ וַֽעֲנֵפָ֔ה הָיְתָ֖ה מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים		 10 Your mother is like a vine in your blood, over waters transplanted.
Fruitful and full of boughs she was, from many waters.		 3d 4B 13
13
וַיִּֽהְיוּ־לָ֞הּ מַטּ֣וֹת עֹ֗ז אֶל־שִׁבְטֵי֙ מֹֽשְׁלִ֔ים וַתִּגְבַּ֥הּ קֽוֹמָת֖וֹ עַל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֑ים
וַיֵּרָ֣א בְגָבְה֔וֹ בְּרֹ֖ב דָּלִיֹּתָֽיו		 11 And she had rods of strength for sceptres of governors, and she was lofty, its height between thick clouds.
And it appeared in its haughtiness in the abundance of its tresses.		 3e 4B 23
12
וַתֻּתַּ֤שׁ בְּחֵמָה֙ לָאָ֣רֶץ הֻשְׁלָ֔כָה וְר֥וּחַ הַקָּדִ֖ים הוֹבִ֣ישׁ פִּרְיָ֑הּ
הִתְפָּרְק֧וּ וְיָבֵ֛שׁוּ מַטֵּ֥ה עֻזָּ֖הּ אֵ֥שׁ אֲכָלָֽתְהוּ		 12 But she was deported in heat. To earth she was flung, and the wind from the east dried up her fruit.
Rent and dried up was the rod of her strength. Fire has devoured it.		 3c 4C 22
16
וְעַתָּ֖ה שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ צִיָּ֥ה וְצָמָֽא		 13 And now she is transplanted in the wilderness,
in a land arid and thirsty.		 3e 4B 9
8
וַתֵּצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ מִמַּטֵּ֤ה בַדֶּ֙יהָ֙ פִּרְיָ֣הּ אָכָ֔לָה וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה בָ֛הּ מַטֵּה־עֹ֖ז שֵׁ֣בֶט לִמְשׁ֑וֹל
קִ֥ינָה הִ֖יא וַתְּהִ֥י לְקִינָֽה 		14 And fire has gone out from the rod of her shafts. Her fruit it devours that she has no rod of strength to be a sceptre of governance.
A dirge this is, and will be for a dirge.		 3d 4C 26
8
Boring analysis continued.
verse 3 is 5 stresses in the first half and 4 in the second half. verse 4 is similar.
verse 5 has a long upbeat followed by a single beat bar sort of like this dah-dah-dah, dah, dah-dit-dah-dit. dah-dit-dit dah, then in the second half: an upbeat with 4 single pulsed bars following.
verse 6 is 4 stresses then 4 more
verse 7 has a long recitation followed by 2 short bars dit-dah-dah-dit-dit-dit-dah-dit-dit-dit, dah-dit-dit, dah - and a similarly paced second half.
verse 8 is reversed 4 then 5 stresses.
verse 9 is a long high recitative and three following pulse groups and its second half is a long recitative on the rest note. Very suitable for shutting up the voice. 5 stresses follow in the second half.
verse 10 is 5 then 4
verse 11 first half has as many as 8 stressed bars followed by 3.
verse 12 is 6 followed by 6.
verse 13 3 by 3 - very short.
verse 14 7 or 8 followed by 3.

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Tuesday, 30 January 2018

Psalm 82

Psalms 82 Fn Min Max Syll
מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף
אֱ‍ֽלֹהִ֗ים נִצָּ֥ב בַּעֲדַת־אֵ֑ל
בְּקֶ֖רֶב אֱלֹהִ֣ים יִשְׁפֹּֽט		 1 A psalm of Asaph.
God takes a stand in the divine assembly,
in the close combat of gods he judges.		 3e 4B 5
8
8
עַד־מָתַ֥י תִּשְׁפְּטוּ־עָ֑וֶל
וּפְנֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תִּשְׂאוּ־סֶֽלָה		 2 How long will you judge with injustice,
and bear with the presence of the-many wicked? Selah.

 3e 4A 7
8
שִׁפְטוּ־דַ֥ל וְיָת֑וֹם
עָנִ֖י וָרָ֣שׁ הַצְדִּֽיקוּ		 3 You judge weak and orphan,
poor and those in want. Do what is right.		 3e 4B 6
7
פַּלְּטוּ־דַ֥ל וְאֶבְי֑וֹן
מִיַּ֖ד רְשָׁעִ֣ים הַצִּֽילוּ		 4 Secure weak and needy,
from the hand of the-many wicked, deliver.

 3e 4B 6
8
לֹ֤א יָֽדְע֨וּ ׀ וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֗ינוּ בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ
יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ כָּל־מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ		 5 C They do not know and they do not understand. In the darkness they walk.
Dislodged are all the foundations of earth.		 3e 4C 16
8
אֲ‍ֽנִי־אָ֭מַרְתִּי אֱלֹהִ֣ים אַתֶּ֑ם
וּבְנֵ֖י עֶלְי֣וֹן כֻּלְּכֶֽם		 6 I myself said, Gods you are,
and children of the Most High all of you.		 3e 4B 9
6
אָ֭כֵן כְּאָדָ֣ם תְּמוּת֑וּן
וּכְאַחַ֖ד הַשָּׂרִ֣ים תִּפֹּֽלוּ		 7 g Nevertheless as humans you will die,
and as one of the nobility you will fall.

 3e 4B 8
9
קוּמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים שָׁפְטָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ
כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה תִ֝נְחַ֗ל בְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִֽם		 8 Arise O God, judge the earth,
for you yourself will inherit among all the nations.		 3e 4B 10
9
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Monday, 29 January 2018

2 Kings 2

For some reason, we have not looked at much of the Elijah, Elisha cycle. Like many sections still to be read, the Joseph story, Ezekiel's temple, and probably others, this will be a fascinating read. I have from 2008 San Diego SBL an exploration of the origins of Luke's gospel based on the analysis of the Elijah cycle. The work is by Thomas Brodie comprising 8 two-part sections of the story, a translation of the Elijah-Elisha cycle from the LXX, a Greek and English reconstruction of Proto-Luke based on the structural similarities of the cycle. I will follow it. I realize that it is dependent according to the thesis on the Greek text of the OT, but my phrasing will always be based on the Hebrew.

We have seen part of this chapter in 2 Kings 13 when Elisha's words are quoted by Joash.

Did the bears devour the juveniles or just split the group in two? Is the story a parable?

2 Kings 2 Fn Min Max Syll
וַיְהִ֗י בְּהַעֲל֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ בַּֽסְעָרָ֖ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם
וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ אֵלִיָּ֛הוּ וֶאֱלִישָׁ֖ע מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל		 1 And it happened when Yahweh was to have Elijah ascend in the tempest of the heavens,
and Elijah and Elisha went from Gilgal.		 3c 4C 20
15
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֜ע שֵֽׁב־נָ֣א פֹ֗ה כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי עַד־בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ
וַיֵּרְד֖וּ בֵּֽית־אֵֽל		 2 And Elijah said to Elisha, Sit, if you will, here, for Yahweh has sent me to Bethel. And Elisha said, Yahweh lives and you live. I will not forsake you,
and I will come down to Bethel.		 3e 4C 44
5
וַיֵּצְא֨וּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בֵּֽית־אֵל֮ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו הֲיָדַ֕עְתָּ כִּ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם יְהוָ֛ה לֹקֵ֥חַ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ מֵעַ֣ל רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־אֲנִ֥י יָדַ֖עְתִּי הֶחֱשֽׁוּ		 3 And the children of the prophets who were at Bethel went forth to Elisha, and they said to him,
Do you know that today Yahweh will take your lord from your head. And he said, Even I, I know. Be calm.		 3d 4B 43
12
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֱלִישָׁ֣ע ׀ שֵֽׁב־נָ֣א פֹ֗ה כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי יְרִיח֔וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ
וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ יְרִיחֽוֹ		 4 And Elijah said to him, Elisha, sit, if you will, here, for Yahweh has sent me to Jericho. And Elisha said, Yahweh lives and you live. I will not forsake you,
and they came to Jericho.		 3e 4C 41
6
וַיִּגְּשׁ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בִּֽירִיחוֹ֮ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו הֲיָדַ֕עְתָּ כִּ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם יְהוָ֛ה לֹקֵ֥חַ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ מֵעַ֣ל רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־אֲנִ֥י יָדַ֖עְתִּי הֶחֱשֽׁוּ		 5 And the children of the prophets who were at Jericho came close to Elisha, and they said to him,
Do you know that today Yahweh will take your lord from your head. And he said, Even I, I know. Be calm.		 3d 4B 44
12
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ שֵֽׁב־נָ֣א פֹ֗ה כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי הַיַּרְדֵּ֔נָה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ
וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם		 6 And Elijah said to him, Sit, if you will, here, for Yahweh has sent me to the Jordan, and he said, Yahweh lives and you live. I will not forsake you.
And they went, the two of them.		 3e 4C 39
6
וַחֲמִשִּׁ֨ים אִ֜ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֤י הַנְּבִיאִים֙ הָֽלְכ֔וּ וַיַּעַמְד֥וּ מִנֶּ֖גֶד מֵרָח֑וֹק
וּשְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם עָמְד֥וּ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן		 7 And fifty men among the children of the prophets went and they stood aloof from afar,
and the two of them stood at the Jordan.		 3e 4C 22
9
וַיִּקַּח֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ אֶת־אַדַּרְתּ֤וֹ וַיִּגְלֹם֙ וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם וַיֵּחָצ֖וּ הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה
וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם בֶּחָרָבָֽה		 8 And Elijah took his majestic cape and rolled it up and struck the waters, and they were halved hither and thither,
and they passed through, the two of them, towards the desert.		 3e 4C 29
11
וַיְהִ֣י כְעָבְרָ֗ם וְאֵ֨לִיָּ֜הוּ אָמַ֤ר אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֙ שְׁאַל֙ מָ֣ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ בְּטֶ֖רֶם אֶלָּקַ֣ח מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע וִֽיהִי־נָ֛א פִּֽי־שְׁנַ֥יִם בְּרוּחֲךָ֖ אֵלָֽי		 9 And it happened when they had passed through that Elijah said to Elisha, Ask what will I do for you before I am taken away from you,
and Elisha said, Let there be, if you will, a second mandate of your spirit for me.		 3d 4C 32
17
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ לִשְׁא֑וֹל
אִם־תִּרְאֶ֨ה אֹתִ֜י לֻקָּ֤ח מֵֽאִתָּךְ֙ יְהִֽי־לְךָ֣ כֵ֔ן וְאִם־אַ֖יִן לֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה		 10 And he said, What a hard thing to ask.
If you see me taken from you, let such be yours, but if there is nothing, it will not be.		 3e 4C 8
21
וַיְהִ֗י הֵ֣מָּה הֹלְכִ֤ים הָלוֹךְ֙ וְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה רֶֽכֶב־אֵשׁ֙ וְס֣וּסֵי אֵ֔שׁ וַיַּפְרִ֖דוּ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם
וַיַּ֙עַל֙ אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ בַּֽסְעָרָ֖ה הַשָּׁמָֽיִם		 11 And it happened they were ambling, walking and speaking, and behold, a chariot of fire and horses of fire, and they separated between them both,
and Elijah ascended in the tempest of the heavens.		 3e 4C 29
14
וֶאֱלִישָׁ֣ע רֹאֶ֗ה וְה֤וּא מְצַעֵק֙ אָבִ֣י ׀ אָבִ֗י רֶ֤כֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפָ֣רָשָׁ֔יו וְלֹ֥א רָאָ֖הוּ ע֑וֹד
וַֽיַּחֲזֵק֙ בִּבְגָדָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָעֵ֖ם לִשְׁנַ֥יִם קְרָעִֽים		 12 And Elisha saw and he cried out, My father, my father, the chariot of Israel and his cavaliers, and he saw him no longer.
And he held resolutely his garments, and ripped them into two segments.		 3e 4C 30
16
וַיָּ֙רֶם֙ אֶת־אַדֶּ֣רֶת אֵלִיָּ֔הוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָפְלָ֖ה מֵעָלָ֑יו
וַיָּ֥שָׁב וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיַּרְדֵּֽן		 13 And he lifted high the majestic cape of Elijah that fell from him,
and he turned and stood by the bank of the Jordan.		 3e 4B 18
13
וַיִּקַּח֩ אֶת־אַדֶּ֨רֶת אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֲשֶׁר־נָפְלָ֤ה מֵֽעָלָיו֙ וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אַיֵּ֕ה יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ
אַף־ה֣וּא ׀ וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וַיֵּֽחָצוּ֙ הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֔נָּה וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֱלִישָֽׁע		 14 And he took the majestic cape of Elijah that fell from him and struck the waters, and he said, Where is Yahweh the God of Elijah?
Indeed, he. And he struck the waters, and they were halved hither and thither. So Elisha crossed over.		 3e 4C 38
24
וַיִּרְאֻ֨הוּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־בִּֽירִיחוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נָ֛חָה ר֥וּחַ אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁ֑ע
וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֖וֹ אָֽרְצָה		 15 And the children of the prophets saw, (who were at Jericho from before), and they said, The spirit of Elijah rests on Elisha.
And they came to encounter him, and prostrated themselves to him earthward.		 3d 4C 32
13
וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֡יו הִנֵּה־נָ֣א יֵֽשׁ־אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ֩ חֲמִשִּׁ֨ים אֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּנֵֽי־חַ֗יִל יֵ֣לְכוּ נָא֮ וִיבַקְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶיךָ֒ פֶּן־נְשָׂאוֹ֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִכֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד הֶהָרִ֔ים א֖וֹ בְּאַחַ֣ת הַגֵּאָי֑וֹת
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֥א תִשְׁלָֽחוּ		 16 And they said to him, Behold if you will, there are with your servants fifty persons, children of ability. Let them go if you will, and they will seek your lord, lest the spirit of Yahweh has lifted him up and cast him on another of the hills or in one of the gorges.
But he said, You will not send.		 3e 4B 61
7
וַיִּפְצְרוּ־ב֥וֹ עַד־בֹּ֖שׁ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלָ֑חוּ
וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ וַיְבַקְשׁ֥וּ שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־יָמִ֖ים וְלֹ֥א מְצָאֻֽהוּ		 17 And they urged him until he was ashamed, and he said, Send.
And they sent fifty men, and they sought three days and they did not find.		 3e 4B 12
22
וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֵלָ֔יו וְה֖וּא יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירִיח֑וֹ
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם הֲלֽוֹא־אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אַל־תֵּלֵֽכוּ		 18 And they returned to him, and he was sitting in Jericho,
And he said to them, Did I not say to you not to go?		 3e 4B 13
18
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֔ע הִנֵּה־נָ֞א מוֹשַׁ֤ב הָעִיר֙ ט֔וֹב כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י רֹאֶ֑ה
וְהַמַּ֥יִם רָעִ֖ים וְהָאָ֥רֶץ מְשַׁכָּֽלֶת		 19 And the men of the city said to Elisha, Behold if you will, the seat of the city is good, as my lord can see,
but the waters are hurtful, and the earth bereaved.		 3e 4C 27
13
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר קְחוּ־לִי֙ צְלֹחִ֣ית חֲדָשָׁ֔ה וְשִׂ֥ימוּ שָׁ֖ם מֶ֑לַח
וַיִּקְח֖וּ אֵלָֽיו		 20 And he said, Take for me a new basin and set there salt.
And they took it to him.		 3e 4B 18
5
וַיֵּצֵא֙ אֶל־מוֹצָ֣א הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּשְׁלֶךְ־שָׁ֖ם מֶ֑לַח
וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה רִפִּ֙אתִי֙ לַמַּ֣יִם הָאֵ֔לֶּה לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מִשָּׁ֛ם ע֖וֹד מָ֥וֶת וּמְשַׁכָּֽלֶת		 21 And he went out to the source of the waters, and there he flung salt,
and he said, Thus says Yahweh, I have healed these waters, there will not be from there any more death or bereavement.		 3d 4B 14
28
וַיֵּרָפ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה
כִּדְבַ֥ר אֱלִישָׁ֖ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר 		22 And the waters were healed to this day,
according to the word of Elisha that he spoke.		 3e 4B 11
9
וַיַּ֥עַל מִשָּׁ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל
וְה֣וּא ׀ עֹלֶ֣ה בַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וּנְעָרִ֤ים קְטַנִּים֙ יָצְא֣וּ מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּתְקַלְּסוּ־בוֹ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ עֲלֵ֥ה קֵרֵ֖חַ עֲלֵ֥ה קֵרֵֽחַ		 23 And he ascended from there to Bethel.
And he was ascending in the way, and wee lads came forth from the city and ridiculed him, and they said to him, Ascend, baldy. Ascend, baldy.		 3e 4C 7
36
וַיִּ֤פֶן אַֽחֲרָיו֙ וַיִּרְאֵ֔ם וַֽיְקַלְלֵ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה
וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה שְׁתַּ֤יִם דֻּבִּים֙ מִן־הַיַּ֔עַר וַתְּבַקַּ֣עְנָה מֵהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנֵ֖י יְלָדִֽים		 24 And he faced behind him and stared them down, and slighted them in the name of Yahweh.
And two bears emerged from the forest and split them in two, forty two juveniles.		 3e 4C 16
26
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מִשָּׁ֖ם אֶל־הַ֣ר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל
וּמִשָּׁ֖ם שָׁ֥ב שֹׁמְרֽוֹן 		25 And he went from there to mount Carmel,
and from there he returned to Samaria.		 3e 4B 10
6
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Sunday, 28 January 2018

Psalm 3

Psalms 3 Fn Min Max Syll
מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד
בְּ֝בָרְח֗וֹ מִפְּנֵ֤י ׀ אַבְשָׁל֬וֹם בְּנֽוֹ		 1 A psalm of David,
when he ran away from the face of Absalom his son.		 3e 4C 5
10
יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י
רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי		 2 g Yahweh, how multiplied my straits!
Many arise over me.		 3e 4B 7
6
רַבִּים֮ אֹמְרִ֪ים לְנַ֫פְשִׁ֥י
אֵ֤ין יְֽשׁוּעָ֓תָה לּ֬וֹ בֵֽאלֹהִ֬ים סֶֽלָה		 3 Many say of me,
There is no salvation for him in God. Selah.

 3d 4C 7
11
וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה מָגֵ֣ן בַּעֲדִ֑י
כְּ֝בוֹדִ֗י וּמֵרִ֥ים רֹאשִֽׁי		 4 But you, Yahweh, a shield about me,
my glory, and lifting high my head.		 3e 4B 10
8
ק֭וֹלִי אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א
וַיַּֽעֲנֵ֨נִי מֵהַ֖ר קָדְשׁ֣וֹ סֶֽלָה		 5 g My voice, to Yahweh I call,
and he answers me from his holy hill. Selah.		 3e 4B 7
11
אֲנִ֥י שָׁכַ֗בְתִּי וָֽאִ֫ישָׁ֥נָה
הֱקִיצ֑וֹתִי
כִּ֖י יְהוָ֣ה יִסְמְכֵֽנִי		 6 I lie down and I sleep.
I awake,
for Yahweh supports me.

 3e 4B 9
4
7
לֹֽא־אִ֭ירָא מֵרִבְב֥וֹת עָ֑ם
אֲשֶׁ֥ר סָ֝בִ֗יב שָׁ֣תוּ עָלָֽי		 7 I will not fear the multiplicity of people,
that surround set over me.		 3e 4B 6
8
ק֘וּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הוֹשִׁ֘יעֵ֤נִי אֱלֹהַ֗י כִּֽי־הִכִּ֣יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבַ֣י לֶ֑חִי
שִׁנֵּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ		 8 ~ Arise Yahweh. Save me my God for you strike all my enemies on the cheek.
The teeth of the wicked you break.		 3e 4C 20
8
לַיהוָ֥ה הַיְשׁוּעָ֑ה
עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֖ בִרְכָתֶ֣ךָ סֶּֽלָה		 9 Of Yahweh is the salvation.
On your people your blessing. Selah.		 3e 4B 5
9
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Saturday, 27 January 2018

1 Samuel 6

For some reason I have shied away from the former prophets. I bet it was the flannel board teaching of these stories from my pre-school days. I don't know. But even when studying the Psalms in depth I did not do the research I needed to do into the life of David. I find Kings and Chronicles easier to take now because of the intriguing aspects of their doublets. I suspect there are several between Samuel and Chronicles as well, but I am still slow to take the early books up. Joshua and Judges may be the tail end of the books as I complete this process.

In 1 Samuel 6, we have the story of the Philistine hemorrhoids. Not really flannel board stuff I suppose. In verse 6, that word כבד appears and is rendered with heart, by force of habit, as harden or in more dynamic translations as stubborn. This sort of idiom is too much fun to hide when English is not short of synonyms like, self-glorification, intransigence, etc. So these are my choices so far to keep separate the stems traditionally used as hardened.

כבד glorify (33) glorious (13) glory (172) heavy (58) liver (13) pile up (1)
סור depart (39) frying pan (1) gone (1) obligation (1) put aside (93) scamper (1) stay (3) stubborn (9) turn aside (79)
קשׁה ... bow (2) bow (47) hair- (1) hammer (1) hammered work (8) hard (14) hard new (1) harden (16) hardness (1) intransigence (5) intransigent (10)

When I saw pile up in the list, I investigated where I had created this artificial hapax and changed it in Habakkuk 2:6. There's no need for the colloquialism here when glory fits perfectly well. If it had been a necessary fudge for a literary figure or acrostic poem, I would have left it.

When a verse reads until this day, when is the time under consideration? There is no stone in verse 18. Verse 18 needs a reference to the stone of verses 14 and 15. In KJV and in JB the stone is added to the text. The text is odd here, the great lament seems to be in the list of the classes of Philistine cities. A new thought is needed to separate the classes of cities (linked by the preposition ועד) from the first Israelite city in the second half of that verse. But perhaps the text as we have it does not read clearly. אבל if a noun (lament) is masculine, אבן (stone) is feminine and the great הגדלה is feminine. So perhaps the stone is implied and the text must be corrected.

1 Samuel 6 Fn Min Max Syll
וַיְהִ֧י אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים שִׁבְעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים 1 And the ark of Yahweh was in the country of the Philistines seven months. 3c 3g 16
וַיִּקְרְא֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים לַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְלַקֹּֽסְמִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַאֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֑ה
הוֹדִעֻ֕נוּ בַּמֶּ֖ה נְשַׁלְּחֶ֥נּוּ לִמְקוֹמֽוֹ		 2 And the Philistines called for the priests and for the soothsayers, saying, What will we do to the ark of Yahweh?
Let us know in what we should send it to its place.		 3e 4C 26
13
וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אִֽם־מְשַׁלְּחִ֞ים אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אַל־תְּשַׁלְּח֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ רֵיקָ֔ם כִּֽי־הָשֵׁ֥ב תָּשִׁ֛יבוּ ל֖וֹ אָשָׁ֑ם
אָ֤ז תֵּרָֽפְאוּ֙ וְנוֹדַ֣ע לָכֶ֔ם לָ֛מָּה לֹא־תָס֥וּר יָד֖וֹ מִכֶּֽם		 3 And they said, If you send away the ark of the God of Israel, you will not send it out empty, for you must restore with it a guilt offering.
Then you will be healed, and it will be known to you why his hand was not turned aside from you.		 3d 4C 32
17
וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָ֣ה הָאָשָׁם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָשִׁ֣יב לוֹ֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מִסְפַּר֙ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֲמִשָּׁה֙ טְחֹרֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה עַכְבְּרֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב
כִּֽי־מַגֵּפָ֥ה אַחַ֛ת לְכֻלָּ֖ם וּלְסַרְנֵיכֶֽם		 4 And they said, What is the guilt offering that we should return to him? And they said, From the count of the chieftains of the Philistines, five hemorrhoids of gold and five gold mice,
for one plague for all of them and for your chieftains.		 3d 4B 39
12
וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֩ צַלְמֵ֨י טְחֹרֵיכֶ֜ם וְצַלְמֵ֣י עַכְבְּרֵיכֶ֗ם הַמַּשְׁחִיתִם֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּנְתַתֶּ֛ם לֵאלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּב֑וֹד
אוּלַ֗י יָקֵ֤ל אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וּמֵעַ֥ל אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם וּמֵעַ֥ל אַרְצְכֶֽם		 5 And you will make images of your hemorrhoids and images of your mice that impair the land, and you will give to the God of Israel glory.
Maybe he will lighten his hand from upon you, and from upon your God, and from upon your land.		 3d 4C 36
24
וְלָ֤מָּה תְכַבְּדוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר כִּבְּד֛וּ מִצְרַ֥יִם וּפַרְעֹ֖ה אֶת־לִבָּ֑ם
הֲלוֹא֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְעַלֵּ֣ל בָּהֶ֔ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּם וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ		 6 So why glorify your heart, as Egypt and Pharaoh glorified their heart?
Was it not that he was prodigal with them, and they sent them away, and they went?		 3c 4C 23
17
וְעַתָּ֗ה קְח֨וּ וַעֲשׂ֜וּ עֲגָלָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ אֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּ֤י פָרוֹת֙ עָל֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־עָלָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עֹ֑ל
וַאֲסַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־הַפָּרוֹת֙ בָּעֲגָלָ֔ה וַהֲשֵׁיבֹתֶ֧ם בְּנֵיהֶ֛ם מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּֽיְתָה		 7 And now take and make one new wagon and two cows giving suck on which no shackle has ascended,
and bind the cows into the wagon, and have their little ones return behind them towards the house.		 3c 4C 30
28
וּלְקַחְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֗ה וּנְתַתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֲגָלָ֔ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כְּלֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֥ם לוֹ֙ אָשָׁ֔ם תָּשִׂ֥ימוּ בָאַרְגַּ֖ז מִצִּדּ֑וֹ
וְשִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ וְהָלָֽךְ		 8 And take the ark of Yahweh and position it on the wagon, and the vessels of gold which you are returning to him as a guilt offering, you will set in the box by its side.
And send it, that it may go.		 3e 4C 43
9
וּרְאִיתֶ֗ם אִם־דֶּ֨רֶךְ גְּבוּל֤וֹ יַֽעֲלֶה֙ בֵּ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ ה֚וּא עָ֣שָׂה לָ֔נוּ אֶת־הָרָעָ֥ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את
וְאִם־לֹ֗א וְיָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָדוֹ֙ נָ֣גְעָה בָּ֔נוּ מִקְרֶ֥ה ה֖וּא הָ֥יָה לָֽנוּ		 9 And you will see. If it will ascend the way of its border to the House of the Sun, he has done to us this great evil,
and if not, then we will know that his hand has not touched us. Chance it was for us.		 3e 4C 29
22
וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ כֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְח֗וּ שְׁתֵּ֤י פָרוֹת֙ עָל֔וֹת וַיַּאַסְר֖וּם בָּעֲגָלָ֑ה
וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּל֥וּ בַבָּֽיִת		 10 And the men did so, and they took two cows giving suck and bound them to the wagon,
and their little ones they restrained in the house.		 3e 4C 26
10
וַיָּשִׂ֛מוּ אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הָעֲגָלָ֑ה
וְאֵ֣ת הָאַרְגַּ֗ז וְאֵת֙ עַכְבְּרֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֵ֖ת צַלְמֵ֥י טְחֹרֵיהֶֽם		 11 And they set the ark of Yahweh on the wagon,
and the box, and with the mice of gold, and the images of their hemorrhoids.		 3d 4B 14
21
וַיִשַּׁ֨רְנָה הַפָּר֜וֹת בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ עַל־דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ בֵּ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ בִּמְסִלָּ֣ה אַחַ֗ת הָלְכ֤וּ הָלֹךְ֙ וְגָע֔וֹ וְלֹא־סָ֖רוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול
וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הֹלְכִ֣ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם עַד־גְּב֖וּל בֵּ֥ית שָֽׁמֶשׁ		 12 And the cows went straight in the way on the journey to the House of the Sun. By the one highway they walked, walking and lowing, and they did not turn aside right or left,
and the chieftains of the Philistines walked after them to the border of the House of the Sun.		 3e 4C 35
18
וּבֵ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ קֹצְרִ֥ים קְצִיר־חִטִּ֖ים בָּעֵ֑מֶק
וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָר֔וֹן וַֽיִּשְׂמְח֖וּ לִרְאֽוֹת		 13 And the House of the Sun, the ones reaping the harvest wheat were in the valley,
and they lifted up their eyes and they saw the ark. And they were glad to see.		 3e 4B 13
20
וְהָעֲגָלָ֡ה בָּ֠אָה אֶל־שְׂדֵ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בֵּֽית־הַשִּׁמְשִׁי֙ וַתַּעֲמֹ֣ד שָׁ֔ם וְשָׁ֖ם אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֑ה
וַֽיְבַקְּעוּ֙ אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֲגָלָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַ֨פָּר֔וֹת הֶעֱל֥וּ עֹלָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה 		14 And the wagon came by the field of Joshua of the House of the Sun, and it stood there. And there was a great stone,
and they split in two the wood of the wagon, and the cows they offered as a burnt offering to Yahweh.		 3e 4C 30
22
וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם הוֹרִ֣ידוּ ׀ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶת־הָאַרְגַּ֤ז אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֣וֹ כְלֵֽי־זָהָ֔ב וַיָּשִׂ֖מוּ אֶל־הָאֶ֣בֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה
וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֗מֶשׁ הֶעֱל֨וּ עֹל֜וֹת וַֽיִּזְבְּח֧וּ זְבָחִ֛ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לַֽיהוָֽה		 15 And the Levites brought down the ark of Yahweh and the box that was with it that had in it the articles of gold that they set on the great stone.
And the men of the House of the Sun offered burnt offerings, and they sacrificed sacrifices in that day to Yahweh.		 3c 4C 38
24
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה סַרְנֵֽי־פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים רָא֑וּ
וַיָּשֻׁ֥בוּ עֶקְר֖וֹן בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא ס		 16 And the five chieftains of the Philistines saw,
and they returned to Eqron in that day.		 3e 4A 11
11
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ טְחֹרֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵשִׁ֧יבוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אָשָׁ֖ם לַֽיהוָ֑ה
לְאַשְׁדּ֨וֹד אֶחָ֜ד לְעַזָּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ לְאַשְׁקְל֣וֹן אֶחָ֔ד לְגַ֥ת אֶחָ֖ד לְעֶקְר֥וֹן אֶחָֽד ס		 17 And these are the hemorrhoids of gold that the Philistines brought back as a guilt offering for Yahweh,
for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Ashkelon one, for Gath one, for Eqron one.		 3c 4C 21
26
וְעַכְבְּרֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֗ב מִסְפַּ֞ר כָּל־עָרֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ לַחֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַסְּרָנִ֔ים מֵעִ֣יר מִבְצָ֔ר וְעַ֖ד כֹּ֣פֶר הַפְּרָזִ֑י
וְעַ֣ד ׀ אָבֵ֣ל הַגְּדוֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִנִּ֤יחוּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֵ֚ת אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בֵּֽית־הַשִּׁמְשִֽׁי		 18 And the mice of gold from the count of all the cities of the Philistines of the five chieftains, from an enclosed city, and to covered hamlets,
and to Lament, the great [stone], on which they left the ark of Yahweh. Until this day, [the stone is] in the field of Joshua of the House of the Sun.		 3e 4C 33
35
וַיַּ֞ךְ בְּאַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י רָאוּ֙ בַּאֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּעָם֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֑ישׁ
וַיִּֽתְאַבְּל֣וּ הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־הִכָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בָּעָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה		 19 And he struck among the persons of the House of the Sun, for they saw into the ark of Yahweh, and he struck among the people, fifty thousand seventy persons.
And the people lamented, for Yahweh had struck among the people, a great striking.		 3c 4C 29
17
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ מִ֚י יוּכַ֣ל לַעֲמֹ֔ד לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֧ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים הַקָּד֖וֹשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה
וְאֶל־מִ֖י יַעֲלֶ֥ה מֵעָלֵֽינוּ 		20 And the men of the House of the Sun said, Who can stand before Yahweh this Holy God?
And to whom will he go up from over us?		 3c 4C 27
10
וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י קִרְיַת־יְעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר
הֵשִׁ֤בוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה רְד֕וּ הַעֲל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ אֲלֵיכֶֽם ס		 21 And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of the town of Yearim, saying,
The Philistines have returned the ark of Yahweh. Come down and bring it up to you.		 3e 4C 17
22
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Friday, 26 January 2018

Psalm 78

Here's a psalm that will keep you reading for a while. This is the longest poem in the Bible. (Psalm 119 is 22 short poems all linked by the 8 synonyms for Torah - not that this should lead us to a careless use of language - or maybe it should).

The stated purpose of the psalm is the rehearsal of the story for the children: "so they might set up their folly in God." Recall the limits of knowledge that we noted on Facebook Is God a Figment of Our Imagination? On Certainty, Skepticism and the Limits of Proof.

The 4 year old got to first base today by distinguishing good from bad. Now the important step, to choose the good.

Posting may be sporadic over the next week. I am on a short holiday and I have to finish the carnival. Lots of links in it already. It could go out today but I would miss a week.

Psalms 78 Fn Min Max Syll
מַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאָ֫סָ֥ף
הַאֲזִ֣ינָה עַ֭מִּי תּוֹרָתִ֑י
הַטּ֥וּ אָ֝זְנְכֶ֗ם לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי		 1 An insight of Asaph.
Listen my people to my instruction.
Bend your ears to the sayings of my mouth.		 3e 4B 5
9
9
אֶפְתְּחָ֣ה בְמָשָׁ֣ל פִּ֑י
אַבִּ֥יעָה חִ֝יד֗וֹת מִנִּי־קֶֽדֶם		 2 I will open my mouth in a parable.
I will ferment riddles from of old,		 3e 4B 7
8
אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֭מַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם
וַ֝אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ		 3 which we have heard and known,
and our ancestors recounted to us.		 3e 4B 9
8
לֹ֤א נְכַחֵ֨ד ׀ מִבְּנֵיהֶ֗ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֲר֗וֹן מְֽ֭סַפְּרִים תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה
וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה		 4 C We will not conceal from their children in the generation to follow, recounting the praises of Yahweh,
and his strength and his wonders which he did.		 3e 4C 20
13
וַיָּ֤קֶם עֵד֨וּת ׀ בְּֽיַעֲקֹ֗ב וְתוֹרָה֮ שָׂ֤ם בְּיִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל
אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִ֭וָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֑ינוּ
לְ֝הוֹדִיעָ֗ם לִבְנֵיהֶֽם		 5 He raised a testimony in Jacob and he set up instruction in Israel,
which he commanded our ancestors,
to make known to their children,		 3e 4C 17
9
7
לְמַ֤עַן יֵדְע֨וּ ׀ דּ֣וֹר אַ֭חֲרוֹן בָּנִ֣ים יִוָּלֵ֑דוּ
יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לִבְנֵיהֶֽם		 6 so that the generation to follow will know. The children to be born,
will arise and recount to their children,		 3e 4C 15
9
וְיָשִׂ֥ימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֫סְלָ֥ם
וְלֹ֣א יִ֭שְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵ֑ל
וּמִצְוֺתָ֥יו יִנְצֹֽרוּ		 7 so they might set up their folly in God,
and not forget the prodigality of God,
and observe his commandments,		 3e 4B 9
9
7
וְלֹ֤א יִהְי֨וּ ׀ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֗ם דּוֹר֮ סוֹרֵ֪ר וּמֹ֫רֶ֥ה
דּ֭וֹר לֹא־הֵכִ֣ין לִבּ֑וֹ
וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣ל רוּחֽוֹ		 8 and not become like their ancestors, a rebellious and provocative generation,
a generation not preparing its heart,
and whose spirit did not believe God.

 3d 4C 14
5
8
בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת
הָ֝פְכ֗וּ בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב		 9 The children of Ephraim, equipped and ready with bow,
changed in the day of close combat.		 3e 4B 9
6
לֹ֣א שָׁ֭מְרוּ בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים
וּ֝בְתוֹרָת֗וֹ מֵאֲנ֥וּ לָלֶֽכֶת		 10 B They did not keep the covenant of God,
and in his instruction they would not walk.		 3e 4B 8
10
וַיִּשְׁכְּח֥וּ עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יו
וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶרְאָֽם		 11 And they forgot his prodigality,
and his wonders that he had showed them.		 3e 4B 8
9
נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן		 12 B In front of their ancestors he did a wonder,
in the land of Egypt, the field of Zoan.		 3e 4B 9
9
בָּ֣קַע יָ֭ם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם
וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַ֥יִם כְּמוֹ־נֵֽד		 13 B He split sea and made them cross over,
and he made waters stand firm in a heap.		 3e 4B 8
7
וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם
וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ		 14 And he guided them in a cloud by day,
and all the night long in the light of fire.		 3e 4B 8
8
יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר
וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה		 15 He split rocks in the wilderness,
and gave drink as abundant abysses.		 3e 4B 8
8
וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע
וַיּ֖וֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם		 16 He brought forth flows from a cliff,
and made waters descend as rivers.

 3e 4B 8
8
וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֭וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ
לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה		 17 But they added still sin against him,
to provoke the Most High in the arid places.		 3e 4B 8
7
וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם
לִֽשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם		 18 And they tempted God in their heart,
by asking food for themselves.		 3e 4A 7
7
וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים
אָ֭מְרוּ הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל
לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר		 19 They spoke against God.
They said, Is God able,
to arrange a table in the wilderness?		 3e 4B 6
6
8
הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮ וּנְחָלִ֪ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ
הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם י֣וּכַל תֵּ֑ת
אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ		 20 C Hey! he struck a rock and out gushed water and the torrents overflowed.
Is he even able to give bread?
Or will he prepare meat for his people?		 3d 4C 15
7
8
לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב
וְגַם־אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל		 21 So Yahweh heard and he was furious, and fire was ignited in Jacob,
and even anger ascended against Israel.		 3e 4C 18
9
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א הֶ֭אֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִ֑ים
וְלֹ֥א בָ֝טְח֗וּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ		 22 C For they did not believe in God,
and they did not trust in his salvation.		 3e 4C 9
8
וַיְצַ֣ו שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל
וְדַלְתֵ֖י שָׁמַ֣יִם פָּתָֽח		 23 For he had commanded the skies from above,
and the gateways of heaven he opened.		 3e 4B 8
7
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל
וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ		 24 And he rained on them manna to eat,
and the grain of heaven he gave to them.

 3e 4B 10
8
לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים אָ֣כַל אִ֑ישׁ
צֵידָ֬ה שָׁלַ֖ח לָהֶ֣ם לָשֹֽׂבַע		 25 B The bread of the mighty each ate.
Victuals he sent among them to satiation.		 3e 4B 8
9
יַסַּ֣ע קָ֭דִים בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם
וַיְנַהֵ֖ג בְּעֻזּ֣וֹ תֵימָֽן		 26 He sprung an east wind in the heavens,
and drove a south wind in his strength.		 3e 4B 8
8
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּעָפָ֣ר שְׁאֵ֑ר
וּֽכְח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף		 27 And he rained meat on them as dust,
and winged fowl as the sand of the seas.		 3e 4B 11
7
וַ֭יַּפֵּל בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ
סָ֝בִ֗יב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו		 28 g And he made it fall within their camp,
surrounding their dwellings.		 3e 4B 10
7
וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׂבְּע֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד
וְ֝תַֽאֲוָתָ֗ם יָבִ֥א לָהֶֽם		 29 And they ate and were sated utterly,
and he let their desires come to them.		 3e 4B 9
9
לֹא־זָר֥וּ מִתַּאֲוָתָ֑ם
ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם		 30 And they were not a stranger to their desires.
While their food was in their mouths,		 3e 4A 7
6
וְאַ֤ף אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ עָ֘לָ֤ה בָהֶ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶ֑ם
וּבַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִכְרִֽיעַ		 31 and the anger of God ascended in them, and slew among their stoutest,
and the chosen of Israel were bowed down.		 3e 4C 18
10
בְּכָל־זֹ֭את חָֽטְאוּ־ע֑וֹד
וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו		 32 In all this they sinned,
and still did not believe in his wonders.		 3e 4A 6
10
וַיְכַל־בַּהֶ֥בֶל יְמֵיהֶ֑ם
וּ֝שְׁנוֹתָ֗ם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה		 33 And he finished their days in futility,
and their years in vexation.		 3e 4A 8
7
אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ
וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל		 34 When he slew them then they searched him out,
and they turned and sought early for God.		 3e 4A 8
8
וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם
וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם		 35 g And they remembered for God is their rock,
and God the Most High their redeemer.		 3e 4B 9
6
וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם
וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ		 36 But they seduced him with their mouth,
and with their tongue they lied to him.		 3e 4A 7
7
וְ֭לִבָּם לֹא־נָכ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ
וְלֹ֥א נֶ֝אֶמְנ֗וּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ		 37 g And their heart was not prepared from him,
and they did not believe in his covenant.		 3e 4B 7
8
וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀ יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית
וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ
וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ		 38 But he compassionate, he covered over iniquity and did not destroy,
but many times his anger turned,
and did not arouse all his heat,		 3e 4C 13
8
7
וַ֭יִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂ֣ר הֵ֑מָּה
ר֥וּחַ ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֣א יָשֽׁוּב		 39 g for he remembered that they are flesh,
a walking wind which does not return.		 3e 4B 7
8
כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר
יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן		 40 g How much they provoked him in the wilderness,
and caused him pain in the wasteland.

 3e 4B 8
8
וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל
וּקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִתְווּ		 41 And they turned back and tempted God,
and constrained the Holy of Israel.		 3e 4B 8
7
לֹא־זָכְר֥וּ אֶת־יָד֑וֹ
י֝֗וֹם אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ם מִנִּי־צָֽר		 42 They did not remember even his hand,
the day he ransomed them from trouble.		 3e 4A 6
7
אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו
וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן		 43 That he had set up in Egypt his signs,
and his portents in the field of Zoan.		 3e 4B 9
7
וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם
וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן		 44 That he changed their canals to blood,
so their flows they could not imbibe.		 3e 4B 10
8
יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם
וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם		 45 He sent a swarm of flies at them and it ate them,
and frogs and he destroyed them.		 3e 4B 10
8
וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם
וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה		 46 And he gave to the caterpillar their produce,
and their labour to a swarm.		 3e 4B 9
6
יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם
וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל		 47 He slew their vines with hail,
and their sycamore with sleet.		 3e 4B 8
8
וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם
וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים		 48 And he imprisoned their kine to the hail,
and their acquisitions to the fire-brands.

 3e 4B 9
7
יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה
מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים		 49 He sent them his fierce anger, fury and indignation and trouble,
by sending messengers of evil.		 3e 4B 16
8
יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ
לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם
וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר		 50 He leveled a pathway for his anger.
He did not keep back their being from death,
and he imprisoned their lives to the pestilence.		 3e 4B 8
7
9
וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם
רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם		 51 And he struck all the firstborn in Egypt,
head of the vigour in the tents of Ham.		 3e 4B 9
9
וַיַּסַּ֣ע כַּצֹּ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ
וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם כַּ֝עֵ֗דֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר		 52 And he sprung his people like sheep,
and drove them like a troop in the wilderness.		 3e 4B 7
10
וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ
וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם		 53 And he guided them in trust and they were not in dread,
and their enemies the sea covered.		 3e 4B 11
9
וַ֭יְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ
הַר־זֶ֝֗ה קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֽוֹ		 54 g And he conducted them to the border of his holiness,
whose right hand acquired this hill.		 3e 4B 8
7
וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ גּוֹיִ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה
וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל		 55 And he expelled the nations before their faces, and let fall in pledge an inheritance,
and made the sceptres of Israel dwell in their tents.		 3e 4C 18
13
וַיְנַסּ֣וּ וַ֭יַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן
וְ֝עֵדוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ		 56 But they tempted and they provoked God Most High,
and his testimonies they did not keep.

 3e 4B 12
8
וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם
נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה		 57 And they were spineless and acted treacherously like their ancestors.
They were changed like an unready bow.		 3e 4B 12
9
וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם
וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ		 58 And they grieved him with their high places,
and with their graven images moved him to jealousy.		 3e 4A 9
9
שָׁמַ֣ע אֱ֭לֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר
וַיִּמְאַ֥ס מְ֝אֹ֗ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל		 59 God heard and was furious,
and he refused utterly in Israel.		 3e 4B 9
9
וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ
אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם		 60 g So he abandoned the dwelling in Shiloh,
the tent where he dwelt among humanity.		 3e 4B 7
7
וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לַשְּׁבִ֣י עֻזּ֑וֹ
וְֽתִפְאַרְתּ֥וֹ בְיַד־צָֽר		 61 And he gave his strength into captivity,
and his adornment into the hand of trouble.		 3e 4B 7
7
וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַחֶ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ
וּ֝בְנַחֲלָת֗וֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר		 62 And he imprisoned with the sword his people,
and with his inheritance he was furious.		 3e 4B 8
8
בַּחוּרָ֥יו אָֽכְלָה־אֵ֑שׁ
וּ֝בְתוּלֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א הוּלָּֽלוּ		 63 His young men fire devoured,
and his maidens were not praiseworthy.		 3e 4B 6
8
כֹּ֭הֲנָיו בַּחֶ֣רֶב נָפָ֑לוּ
וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה		 64 g His priests fell by the sword,
and his widows did not weep.

 3e 4B 9
9
וַיִּקַ֖ץ כְּיָשֵׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י
כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן מִיָּֽיִן		 65 And my Lord awoke as from sleep,
as valour shouting from wine.		 3e 4A 9
9
וַיַּךְ־צָרָ֥יו אָח֑וֹר
חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ		 66 And he struck his foes back,
a reproach ever he gave them.		 3e 4B 6
8
וַ֭יִּמְאַס בְּאֹ֣הֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף
וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר		 67 g And he refused the tent of Joseph,
and the sceptre of Ephraim he did not choose.		 3e 4B 8
8
וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה
אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵֽב		 68 g But he chose the sceptre of Judah,
the hill of Zion which he loved.		 3e 4B 9
8
וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ
כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ יְסָדָ֥הּ לְעוֹלָֽם		 69 And he built as exalted, his sanctuary,
as the earth he founded forever.		 3e 4B 9
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וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ
וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן		 70 g And he chose in David his servant,
and took him from the sheepfolds.		 3e 4B 8
10
מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱ֫בִיא֥וֹ
לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ
וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ		 71 From behind those giving suck he conducted him,
to shepherd in Jacob his people,
and in Israel his inheritance.		 3e 4B 8
8
8
וַ֭יִּרְעֵם כְּתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ
וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם		 72 g And he shepherded them as the completeness of his heart,
and in the discernments of his open palms he guided them.		 3e 4B 8
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