The inscription is the first key: Note that it is one where ldvid
precedes mzmor. See also Psalms 24, 40, 68, 101, 109, 110, 139. The
normal order for this phrase is mzmor ldvid. Kimhi says of these psalms
that first the Holy Spirit rested on David and then he wrote the psalm.
There is a commentary on this psalm by Kimhi
here. (Kimhi was edited and published in 1883 in Cambridge, so Forbes could
have had access to this in principle.) Kimhi will not begin with the
prejudgments of Christianity about what a phrase signifies. The
explanation of the priesthood of Mechizedek is very helpful:
since in his blessing he [Melchizedek] put Abraham first over the most high God, the Holy One, blessed be He, removed the Priesthood from him and gave it to Abraham, because it is said Thou art a priest for ever ... because of the word which Melchizedek spoke.
I had read bits of Kimhi when I did my translation but not this part. There is no need for a special gloss for the very common root dbr here in verse 4.
So this psalm is about David. I have rendered it as 'to', but prepositions are notorious for taking on many glosses. About would be just fine as a gloss. It makes good sense.
I agree of course, that the NT applies this psalm to Jesus, but I will be
drawn into the host of motivations that apply these psalms in that first
century or two of the common era to 'explain' why they or I would still
apply it thus. Do we not all attempt to rule within and among our
enemies? And I should not forget that we are, in spite of the enemies
within and around us, also accompanied by many who are willing in the day
of our weal. I like the ambiguity of that word. For there is both welt and
wealth in our struggle.
Yahweh has sworn and without a sigh. Are we also accompanied by the real
power? When does Yahweh sigh (nkm)? Or as traditional translations read, repent? First over
humanity prior to the flood. Then at the incident of the golden calf. It
is part of his character. It occurs only once in the Psalter. You can see
them all at the link.
Verse 7 often surprises me. Kimhi associates it with Balaam's proverb of
Numbers 23:24. For lifting the head high, he refers to David's reputation
as noted in 2 Samuel 8:13.
Syllables: 143. Words: 65. Roots: 53. Root Recurrence: 32%. Average per verse: 3.
advn
(2)
aib
(2)
ap
arx
ath
gvh
gvi
dbr
dvd
din
drc
hdm
hdr
zmr
kil
'tl
ihvh
(3)
ivm
(2)
ild
imn
(2)
iwb
chn
cn
l
la
mkx
(2)
m'th
mla
mlc
(2)
nam
ndb
nkl
nkm
yd
yzz
yl
(4)
ylm
ym
xdq
xivn
qdw
qrb
raw
(2)
rbh
rgl
rdh
rvm
rkm
wby
wkr
wit
wlk
wth
לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר נְאֻ֤ם יְהוָ֨ה ׀ לַֽאדֹנִ֗י שֵׁ֥ב לִֽימִינִ֑י עַד־אָשִׁ֥ית אֹ֝יְבֶ֗יךָ הֲדֹ֣ם לְרַגְלֶֽיךָ |
1 Of David a psalm, an oracle of Yahweh to my Lord. Sit at my right hand, till I set your enemies as your footstool. |
|
a ldvid mzmor naum ihvh ladoni wb limini yd-awit aoibiç hdom lrgliç |
5 11 12 |
l/dvd
m/zmr nam ihvh l/adn\i wb l/imn\i yd a/wit aib\ic hdm l/rgl\ic |
מַטֵּֽה־עֻזְּךָ֗ יִשְׁלַ֣ח יְ֭הוָה מִצִּיּ֑וֹן רְ֝דֵ֗ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֹיְבֶֽיךָ |
2 Yahweh will send the rod of your
strength out of Zion. Rule within and among your enemies. |
|
b m'th-yuzç iwlk ihvh mxion
rdh bqrb aoibiç |
11 8 |
m'th
yz\c
i/wlk
ihvh
m/xivn rdh b/qrb aib\ic |
עַמְּךָ֣ נְדָבֹת֮ בְּי֪וֹם חֵ֫ילֶ֥ךָ בְּֽהַדְרֵי־קֹ֭דֶשׁ מֵרֶ֣חֶם מִשְׁחָ֑ר לְ֝ךָ֗ טַ֣ל יַלְדֻתֶֽיךָ |
3 Your people are willing in the
day of your weal. In the honour of holiness from the womb of the dawn, yours is the dew of your childhood. |
|
g ymç ndbot biom kilç
bhdri-qodw mrkm mwkr lç 'tl ildutç |
10 9 7 |
ym\c
ndb\t
b/ivm
kil\c b/hdr\i qdw m/rkm m/wkr l\c 'tl ild\tic |
נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָ֨ה ׀ וְלֹ֥א יִנָּחֵ֗ם אַתָּֽה־כֹהֵ֥ן לְעוֹלָ֑ם עַל־דִּ֝בְרָתִ֗י מַלְכִּי־צֶֽדֶק |
4 Yahweh has sworn and without a
sigh, You are a priest forever, by the word of Melchizedek. |
|
d nwby ihvh vla iinkm ath-cohn lyolm
yl-dbrti mlci-xdq |
16 7 |
n/wby
ihvh
v/la
i/nkm
ath
chn
l/yvlm yl dbr\ti mlc\i xdq |
אֲדֹנָ֥י עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֑ מָחַ֖ץ בְּיוֹם־אַפּ֣וֹ מְלָכִֽים |
5 My Lord is at your right hand. He will wound kings in the day of his anger. |
|
h adonii yl-iminç mkx biom-apo mlcim |
7 9 |
adn\i
yl
imn\c mkx b/ivm ap\v mlc\im |
יָדִ֣ין בַּ֭גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה |
6 He will advocate among the
nations, a fullness of bodies. He will wound exceedingly a head on earth. |
|
v idin bgoiim mla gvviiot mkx raw yl-arx rbh |
10 8 |
i/din
b/gvi\m
mla
gv\ivt mkx raw yl arx rbh |
מִ֭נַּחַל בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן יָרִ֥ים רֹֽאשׁ |
7 ♪g He will imbibe from the torrent
in the way. Therefore he will lift a head high. |
|
z mnkl bdrç iwth yl-cn irim raw |
8 5 |
m/nkl
b/drc
i/wth yl cn i/rim raw |
1 | [Matthew 22:44, Acts 2:34-35, Ephesians 1:20, Hebrews 1:13, 10:12-13, 1 Peter 3:22] |
3 | weal, חיל (kil), or wealth or force, both of which I have used in other verses. The חיל of Egypt is destroyed in the sea. The parallels expressing womb and youth suggests a birthing image. The archaic weal (e.g. as in common weal) can be used to mean both wealth and hurt as in the birth process. |
4 | [Hebrews 5:6, 7:17, 21] |
The Music of Psalms 110 |
The Psalms are about character and the development of a community of the
merciful, who are 'likest God'.
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