Tuesday 14 December 2021

Lowth on Acrostics #2

What about Lamentations 2? The verses are much longer. We could observe the zaqef-qatan as a major pause. Its shape is a mordent for the prose books, like the revia in the poetry. But it is inconsistently used. I have applied a few by hand. The line and syllable counts are much longer and greater than the poetry. Here too are more examples of revia that are clearly not disjunctive.

Here is a pdf so you can imagine the extensive lamentation that could be built from even a verse or two of this chapter. There are obviously extensive differences between Psalms 111-112 and this more massive work. I don't know why Lowth would describe them as 'similar' or perfect. None of the acrostics of Lamentations is perfect since peh and ayin are reversed in all the acrostics of Lamentations.

אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן
הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ ס
1 Ah, how my Lord has thickly clouded in his anger the daughter of Zion.
He has cast down from heaven to earth the adornment of Israel,
and he has not remembered his footstool in the day of his anger.
a aich iyib bapo adonii at-bt-xion hwliç mwmiim arx tpart iwral
vla-zcr hdom-rgliv biom apo s
27
12
aic\h i/yb b/ap\v adn\i at bt xivn h/wlc m/wmim arx t/par\t iwral
v/la zcr hdm rgl\iv b/ivm ap\v
בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב
הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ
חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ ס
2 Blasted and without pity, my Lord, are all the haunts of Jacob.
He has overthrown in his fury the enclosures of the daughter of Judah. He has touched on the earth.
He has profaned her kingdom and her nobility.
b bily adonii vla kml at cl-naot iyqob hrs bybrto mbxri bt-ihudh hgiy larx
kill mmlch vwrih s
35
10
bly adn\i v/la kml at cl na\vt iyqb hrs b/ybr\tv m/bxr\i bt ihvdh h/gy l/arx
kll m/mlc\h v/wr\ih
גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִי־אַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב
וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה
אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב ס
3 Glowing in anger, he has chopped off every horn of Israel.
He has turned back his right hand from the face of an enemy,
and he has kindled in Jacob, as a fiery flame devours round about.
g gdy bkori-af col qrn iwral hwib akor imino mpni aoib
vibyr biyqob caw lhbh aclh sbib s
23
17
gdy b/kr\i ap cl qrn iwral h/wb akvr imn\v m/pn\i ab
vi/byr b/iyqb c/aw lhb\h acl\h sbb
דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר
וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן
בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ ס
4 Directed has he his bow, like an enemy standing firm, his right hand as adversary,
and he slew all that is attractive to an eye.
In the tent of the daughter of Zion, he poured out as fire his heat.
d drç qwto caoib nixb imino cxr vihrog col mkmdi-yin
baohl bt-xion wpç caw kmto s
24
14
drc qw\tv c/ab nxb imn\v c/xr vi/hrg cl m/kmd\i yin
b/ahl bt xivn wpc c/aw km\tv
הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו
וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה ס
5 He, my Lord, becomes as an enemy. He has swallowed Israel.
He has swallowed all her citadels. He has destroyed his own enclosures.
And he has increased in the daughter of Judah her rueful moaning.
h hih adonii caoib bily iwral bily cl-armnotih wikt mbxriv
virb bbt-ihudh taniih vaniih s
26
17
hih adn\i c/ab bly iwral bly cl armn\vtih wkt m/bxr\iv
vi/rb b/bt ihvdh t/anh v/anh
וַיַּחְמֹ֤ס כַּגַּן֙ שֻׂכּ֔וֹ שִׁחֵ֖ת מוֹעֲד֑וֹ
שִׁכַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּצִיּוֹן֙ מוֹעֵ֣ד וְשַׁבָּ֔ת
וַיִּנְאַ֥ץ בְּזַֽעַם־אַפּ֖וֹ מֶ֥לֶךְ וְכֹהֵֽן ס
6 Violently he removed as a garden his booth. He has destroyed his engagement.
Yahweh has let engagement and Sabbath in Zion be forgotten and he has spurned in the indignation of his anger king and priest.
v vikmos cgn wuco wikt moydo
wick ihvh bxion moyd vwbt vinax bzym-apo mlç vcohn s
12
26
vi/kms c/gn wc\v wkt mv/yd\v
wck ihvh b/xivn mv/yd v/wbt vi/nax b/zym ap\v mlc v/chn
זָנַ֨ח אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ מִזְבְּחוֹ֙ נִאֵ֣ר מִקְדָּשׁ֔וֹ
הִסְגִּיר֙ בְּיַד־אוֹיֵ֔ב חוֹמֹ֖ת אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ
ק֛וֹל נָתְנ֥וּ בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה כְּי֥וֹם מוֹעֵֽד ס
7 Zeroed has my Lord his altar. He has nullified his sanctuary.
He has imprisoned by the hand of an enemy the walls of her citadels.
They give voice in the house of Yahweh as in the day of engagement.
z znk adonii mzbko niar mqdwo hsgir bid-aoib komot armnotih
qol ntnu bbit-ihvh ciom moyd s
26
12
znk adn\i m/zbk\v nar m/qdw\v h/sgr b/id ab kvm\t armn\vtih
qvl ntn\v b/bit ihvh c/ivm mv/yd
חָשַׁ֨ב יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לְהַשְׁחִית֙ חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן נָ֣טָה קָ֔ו
לֹא־הֵשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ מִבַּלֵּ֑עַ
וַיַּֽאֲבֶל־חֵ֥ל וְחוֹמָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֥ו אֻמְלָֽלוּ ס
8 He had, Yahweh, considered destroying the walls of the daughter of Zion. He had stretched out on her a line.
He has not turned his hand from swallowing.
But he made bulwark and wall lament. As one they were enfeebled.
k kwb ihvh lhwkit komt bt-xion n'th qv la-hwib ido mbly
viabl-kil vkomh ikdiv aumllu s
23
14
kwb ihvh lh/wkt kvm\t bt xivn n'th qv la h/wb id\v m/bly
vi/abl kl v/kvmh ikd\v aml\lv
טָבְע֤וּ בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁעָרֶ֔יהָ אִבַּ֥ד וְשִׁבַּ֖ר בְּרִיחֶ֑יהָ
מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְשָׂרֶ֤יהָ בַגּוֹיִם֙ אֵ֣ין תּוֹרָ֔ה
גַּם־נְבִיאֶ֕יהָ לֹא־מָצְא֥וּ חָז֖וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה ס
9 To the earth are her gates sunk. Perished and shattered are her bars.
Her king and her nobility are in the nations. There is no instruction.
Even her prophets find no vision from Yahweh.
't 'tbyu barx wyrih aibd vwibr brikih
mlch vwrih bgoiim ain torh gm-nbiaih la-mxau kzon mihvh s
18
26
'tby\v b/arx wyr\ih abd v/wbr brik\ih
mlc\h v/wr\ih b/gvi\m ain tvrh gm nbia\ih la mxa\v kz\vn m/ihvh
יֵשְׁב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ יִדְּמוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בַת־צִיּ֔וֹן
הֶֽעֱל֤וּ עָפָר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם חָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים
הוֹרִ֤ידוּ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רֹאשָׁ֔ן בְּתוּלֹ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם ס
10 Yet mute on earth, the elders of the daughter of Zion sit.
They have offered up dust on their heads. They wear sackcloth.
Hanging down their heads to the earth are the virgins of Jerusalem.
i iiwbu larx iidmu zqni bt-xion hylu ypr yl-rawm kgru wqim
horidu larx rawn btulot iruwlim s
24
16
iwb\v l/arx i/dm\v zqn\i bt xivn h/yl\v ypr yl raw\m kgr\v wq\im
hv/r\idv l/arx raw\n btvl\t irvwlm
כָּל֨וּ בַדְּמָע֤וֹת עֵינַי֙ חֳמַרְמְר֣וּ מֵעַ֔י
נִשְׁפַּ֤ךְ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ כְּבֵדִ֔י עַל־שֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּ֑י
בֵּֽעָטֵ֤ף עוֹלֵל֙ וְיוֹנֵ֔ק בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת קִרְיָֽה ס
11 Consumed in tears are my eyes, foaming are my inner parts,
poured out on earth my liver, over the shattering of the daughter of my people,
in the overwhelming of infant and nursling in the piazzas of the town.
ia clu bdmyot yinii komrmru myii nwpç larx cbdi yl-wbr bt-ymi
biy'tf yoll vionq brkobot qrih s
27
14
cl\v b/dmy\vt yin\i kmr\mrv my\i n/wpc l/arx cbd\i yl wbr bt ym\i
b/y'tp yvll viv/nq b/rkb\vt qrh
לְאִמֹּתָם֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֖ה דָּגָ֣ן וָיָ֑יִן
בְּהִֽתְעַטְּפָ֤ם כֶּֽחָלָל֙ בִּרְחֹב֣וֹת עִ֔יר
בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ נַפְשָׁ֔ם אֶל־חֵ֖יק אִמֹּתָֽם ס
12 Looking to their mothers, they say, Where is grain and wine,
when they are disabled as one who is profaned in the piazzas of the city,
when poured out are their beings into their mother's bosom?
ib laimotm iamru aih dgn viin
bhty'tpm ckll brkobot yir bhwtpç npwm al-kiq aimotm s
13
23
l/am\tm i/amr\v aih dgn v/iin
bht/y'tp\m c/kll b/rkb\vt yir bhwt/pc npw\m al kiq am\tm
מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם
מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן
כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ ס
13 My witness for you, what will it be like for you, O daughter of Jerusalem?
What will I consider equal to you that I may comfort you, virgin daughter of Zion?
For great as the sea is your shattering. Who will heal you?
ig mh-ayidç mh admh-lç hbt iruwlim mh awvvh-lç vankmç btult bt-xion
ci-gdol cim wbrç mi irpa-lç s
30
11
mh a/yid\c mh a/dmh l\c h/bt irvwlm mh a/wvh l\c va/nkm\c btvl\t bt xivn
ci gdl c/im wbr\c mi i/rpa l\c
נְבִיאַ֗יִךְ חָ֤זוּ לָךְ֙ שָׁ֣וְא וְתָפֵ֔ל
וְלֹֽא־גִלּ֥וּ עַל־עֲוֺנֵ֖ךְ לְהָשִׁ֣יב שְׁבוּתֵ֑ךְ
וַיֶּ֣חֱזוּ לָ֔ךְ מַשְׂא֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא וּמַדּוּחִֽים ס
14 Nothing worth to you were your prophets' visions. They were insipid
for they did not disclose your iniquity to turn away your captivity,
but their visions for you were loads of vanity and enticements.
id nbiaiiç kzu lç wva vtpl vla-gilu yl-yvonç lhwib wbutç
vikzu lç mwaot wva umdukim s
24
13
nbia\ic kz\v l\c wva v/tpl v/la gl\v yl yvn\c lh/wb wb\vtc
vi/kz\v l\c m/wa\vt wva vm/dvk\im
סָֽפְק֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶ֔רֶךְ
שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיָּנִ֣עוּ רֹאשָׁ֔ם עַל־בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם
הֲזֹ֣את הָעִ֗יר שֶׁיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כְּלִ֣ילַת יֹ֔פִי מָשׂ֖וֹשׂ לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ ס
15 So they cuff you with open palm, all passing this way.
They hiss and wag their heads at the daughter of Jerusalem.
Is this the city that they say is the perfection of beauty? the joy of the whole earth?
'tv spqu yliiç cpiim cl-yobri drç wrqu viniyu rawm yl-bt iruwlim
hzat hyir wiamru clilt iopi mwow lcl-harx s
26
20
spq\v yl\ic cp\im cl ybr\i drc wrq\v vi/ny\v raw\m yl bt irvwlm
h/zat h/yir wi/amr\v cll\t ip\i m/wvw l/cl h/arx
פָּצ֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ פִּיהֶם֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבַ֔יִךְ
שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיַּֽחַרְקוּ־שֵׁ֔ן אָמְר֖וּ בִּלָּ֑עְנוּ
אַ֣ךְ זֶ֥ה הַיּ֛וֹם שֶׁקִּוִּינֻ֖הוּ מָצָ֥אנוּ רָאִֽינוּ ס
16 Parted open against you are their mouths. All your enemies
hiss and they gnash tooth. They say, We have swallowed.
Surely, this day that we have been waiting for, we have found, we have seen.
'tz pxu yliiç pihm cl-aoibiiç wrqu vikrqu-wn amru bilynu
aç zh hiom wqivvinuhu mxanu rainu s
23
16
px\v yl\ic p\ihm cl avib\ic wrq\v vi/krq\v wn amr\v bly\nv
ac zh h/ivm w/qv\inhv mxa\nv ra\inv
עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָמָ֗ם בִּצַּ֤ע אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֔דֶם
הָרַ֖ס וְלֹ֣א חָמָ֑ל
וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אוֹיֵ֔ב הֵרִ֖ים קֶ֥רֶן צָרָֽיִךְ ס
17 It was done by Yahweh, that which he intended. He has extorted his promise that he commanded from the days of old.
He has overthrown without pity,
and he has made an enemy glad over you, exalting the horn of your foes.
iz ywh ihvh awr zmm bixy amrto awr xivvh mimi-qdm hrs vla kml
viwmk yliiç aoib hrim qrn xriiç s
26
16
ywh ihvh awr zmm bxy amr\tv awr xvh m/im\i qdm hrs v/la kml
vi/wmk yl\ic ab h/rim qrn xr\ic
צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י
חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה
אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ ס
18 'ts crying out, their heart, to my Lord.
O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down as a torrent day and night.
Give yourself no respite, no mute for your eye's pupil.
ik xyq libm al-adonii
komt bt-xion horidi cnkl dmyh iomm vlilh al-titni pugt lç al-tidom bt-yinç s
8
31
xyq lb\m al adn\i
kvm\t bt xivn hv/r\idi c/nkl dmy\h ivm\m v/lil\h al tt\ni pvg\t l\c al t/dm bt yin\c
ק֣וּמִי ׀ רֹ֣נִּי בַלַּ֗יְלָה לְרֹאשׁ֙ אַשְׁמֻר֔וֹת שִׁפְכִ֤י כַמַּ֙יִם֙ לִבֵּ֔ךְ נֹ֖כַח פְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י
שְׂאִ֧י אֵלָ֣יו כַּפַּ֗יִךְ עַל־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ
הָעֲטוּפִ֥ים בְּרָעָ֖ב בְּרֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־חוּצֽוֹת ס
19 ♪B Quicken, shout in the night. In the beginning of the night watches, pour out like water your heart opposite the face of my Lord.
Lift up your palms to him for the integrity of your babies
that are disabled from scarcity at the top of every street.
i't qumi roni blilh lraw awmurot wpci cmim libç nock pni adonii
wai aliv cpiiç yl-npw yolliiç hy'tupim bryb braw cl-kuxot s
25
27
qvm\i rn\i b/lil\h l/raw a/wmr\vt wpc\i c/mim lb\c nck pn\i adn\i
wa\i al\iv cp\ic yl npw yvll\ic h/y'tvp\im b/ryb b/raw cl kvx\vt
רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה לְמִ֖י עוֹלַ֣לְתָּ כֹּ֑ה
אִם־תֹּאכַ֨לְנָה נָשִׁ֤ים פִּרְיָם֙ עֹלֲלֵ֣י טִפֻּחִ֔ים
אִם־יֵהָרֵ֛ג בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ אֲדֹנָ֖י כֹּהֵ֥ן וְנָבִֽיא ס
20 Regard, Yahweh, and take note whose is the wantonness thus?
As if women should devour their fruit, the babies in their cloak.
As if in my Lord's sanctuary, priest and prophet should be slain.
c rah ihvh vhbi'th lmi yollt ch
am-taclnh nwim priim yolli 'tipukim am-iihrg bmqdw adonii cohn vnbia s
14
30
rah ihvh vh/b't\h l/mi yvll\t ch
am t/acl\nh n/w\im pr\im yll\i 'tpk\im am i/hrg bm/qdw adn\i chn v/nbia
שָׁכְב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ חוּצוֹת֙ נַ֣עַר וְזָקֵ֔ן
בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י נָפְל֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב
הָרַ֙גְתָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אַפֶּ֔ךָ טָבַ֖חְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ ס
21 Streets to earth littered with youth and aged,
my virgins and my chosen have fallen by the sword.
You have slain in the day of your anger. You have slaughtered without pity.
ca wcbu larx kuxot nyr vzqn btulotii ubkurii nplu bkrb
hrgt biom apç 'tbkt la kmlt s
25
16
wcb\v l/arx kvx\vt nyr v/zqn btvl\ti v/bkvr\i npl\v b/krb
hrg\t b/ivm ap\c 'tbk\t la kml\t
תִּקְרָא֩ כְי֨וֹם מוֹעֵ֤ד מְגוּרַי֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב
וְלֹ֥א הָיָ֛ה בְּי֥וֹם אַף־יְהוָ֖ה פָּלִ֣יט וְשָׂרִ֑יד
אֲשֶׁר־טִפַּ֥חְתִּי וְרִבִּ֖יתִי אֹיְבִ֥י כִלָּֽם פ
22 Terrors around me you have called out, as on a day of engagement,
so there will not be, in the day of the anger of Yahweh, security or survival.
Whom I cloaked and made abundant, my enemies have consumed.
cb tqra ciom moyd mgurii msbib vla hih biom af-ihvh pli't vwrid
awr-'tipkti vribiti aoibi cilm p
26
14
t/qra c/ivm mv/yd m/gvr\i m/sbb v/la hih b/ivm ap ihvh pl't v/wrd
awr 'tpk\ti v/rb\iti aib\i cl\m


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