Saturday, 19 January 2019

Music for Matthew 5:14?

Continuing the prior post.

O what discipline is required to put in the accents. Some editors will allow them. Word-10 works. You have to be using the Hebrew keyboard and then put in the alt-codes (painful memory work -see my cheat sheet here.) The blogger editor is OK for minor adjustments to vowels but the cantillation alt-keys are not supported. Similarly in Muse score, you can paste in the right text, but don't try to enter it with the alt-keys. So the detail must be done in Word or by direct insert in html into the database (even more prone to error).

This is the sample verse. Is Margoliuth good at designing cantillation? Think about it. The ancient unknown people who did this - were they punctuating or were they composing? I think they were composing - forming and releasing harmonic and emotional tension to be resolved at the end of each verse, or continuing, using reciting notes to tell the emotional content of the story.


The sequence of coding is not important. Vowels and cantillation fit together in any order after a consonant. (Programmers beware) The result looked a bit like music. But did I copy his signs correctly? I did not. I did not even transcribe the words correctly. My first correction was still wrong. My eye put the accent on the wrong ayin!

Finally, fixing the words too
Notice that Margoliuth has המנחת rather than ישׁבת (seated, situated, etc). The fifth word is from נוח (Noah) to rest. ִIt is an unexpected gloss. (The form does not occur in TNK).

You are the light of the era.
A city resting on a hill cannot be hidden.

Found another version with yet another verb for 'set'. I think the stem must be שׁכן but again the form never occurs in TNK.
אַתֶּם אוֹר הָעוֹלָם. עִיר שׁוֹכֶנֶת עַל הַר אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִסָּתֵר

Starved

Translation is addictive. I am missing my fix. So here is a little exploration of part of Matthew from various Hebrew versions online.

There is no Unicode version with music.
Matthew 5:14
Salkinson-Ginsburg
אַתֶּם אוֹר הָעוֹלָם עִיר יֹשֶׁבֶת עַל־הָהָר לֹא תוּכַל לְהִסָּתֵר׃
Sar Shalom = Delitzsch
אַתֶּם אוֹרוֹ שֶׁל־עוֹלָם עִיר יׂשֶׁבֶת עַל־הָהָר לׂא תִסָּתֵר׃

Unique and in colour. from The Aleph and Tau Messianic comings. Also for this verse = Delitzsch.

While looking around, I came across this unlocking the gospel series by Julia Blum. I think unlocking is a good note - it certainly needs something to unlock the hearts of its followers.

From the Bible gateway,
אתם אור העולם – בדומה לעיר הבנויה על הר, אשר כל אחד יכול לראות את אורותיה 
an elaborate expansion of the Greek
You are the light of the world - like a city built on a mountain, where everyone can see its lights
υμεις εστε το φως του κοσμου ου δυναται πολις κρυβηναι επανω ορους κειμενη
You are the light of the cosmos, not can be a city hidden on the top of a mountain built.
C'est yous qui êtes la lumière du monde. Une ville construite sur une montagne ne peut pas être cachée.

There don't appear to be a lot of NT Bibles in Hebrew. Margoliuth is the only one with cantillation.
This verse has the sequence e-g#-B A // C-B-f-g#-e depending on the mode. The translator would not have been following this key since it wasn't inferred until the 1960s.

I have a little of this written out in my data, and with cantillation (but I was missing verse 14-15 - see next post - I can't remember where it came from - I must have done it by hand years ago). You can certainly see the Hebrew poetry - short sharp lines. Poor of spirit ? maybe the poor of the wind? The heavens appears to be in the place of a name of God. My glosses are concordant based on the rules of my rendering of TNK.

Matthew 5 Fn

Syll
וַיְהִ֧י כַּאֲשֶׁר רָאָ֛ה אֶת־הֲמוֹ֥ן הָעָ֖ם וַיַּעַ֣ל אֶל־הָהָ֑ר
וַיֵּשֶׁב שָׁ֔ם וַיִּגְּשׁ֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו תַּלְמִידָֽיו
1 And it was as he saw the tumult of the people that he ascended the hill.
And he sat down there and his students came close to him.


18
12

וַיִּפְתַּ֣ח אֶת־פִּיה֑וּ
וַיּוֹרֶ֮ה לָהֶ֥ם לֵאמֹֽר
2 And he opened his mouth,
and he gave instruction to them, saying,

6
7

אַשְׁרֵ֖י עֲנִיֵּ֣י הָר֑וּחַ
כִּי לָהֶ֥ם מַלְכ֖וּת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
3 Happy are the poor of spirit,
for to them is the sovereignty of the heavens.

8
9

אַשְׁרֵ֖י הַמִּ֣תְאַבְּלִ֑ים
כִּי־הֵ֥ם יְנֻחָֽמוּ
4 Happy are those who lament,
for they will be consoled.

6
6

אַשְׁרֵ֣י הָעֲנָוִ֑ים
כִּי־הֵ֥ם יִירְשׁ֖וּ־את־הָאָֽרֶץ
5 Happy the afflicted,
for they, they will possess the earth.

6
7

אַשְׁרֵ֖י הָרְעֵבִ֣ים וְהַצְּמֵאִ֙ים לִצְדָקָ֑ה
כִּי־הֵ֥ם יִשְבָּֽעוּ
6 Happy those hungering and those thirsting for righteousness,
for they, they will be satisfied.

12
4
אַשְׁרֵ֖י בַּעֲלֵ֣י־רַחֲמִ֑ים
כִּי־הֵ֥ם יְרֻחָֽמוּ
7 Happy are the compassionate,
for they, they will be shown compassion.

7
6

אַשְׁרֵ֖י בָּרֵ֣י לֵבָ֑ב
כִּי־הֵ֥ם יֶחֱז֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים
8 Happy are the pure of heart,
for they, they will gaze on God.

6
9

אַשְׁרֵ֖י עֹשֵׂ֣י שָׁלוֹ֑ם
כִּי־הֵ֥ם יִקָּרְא֖וּ בְּנֵ֡י־אֱלֹהִֽים
9 Happy those who make peace,
for they, they will be called the children of God.

6
9
אַשְׁרֵ֣י הַנִּרְדָּפִ֙ים עֵקֶ֔ב צִדְקָתָ֑ם
כִּי לָהֶ֥ם מַלְכ֖וּת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
10 Happy those who are persecuted with foot planted for their righteousness,
for to them is the sovereignty of the heavens.

11
9

אַשְׁרֵי֖כֶם אִם־יְחָרְפ֣וּ אִם־יִרְדְּפ֞וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם
וּבַשֶּׁקֶ֚ר יָבִיא֣וּ דִבַּתְכֶ֜ם רָעָ֜ה בַּעֲב֖וּר שְׁמִֽי
11 Happy are you if they reproach or persecute you,
or they bring falsehood, your defamation, evil over my name.

13
17

שִׂמְח֥וּ וְגִיל֖וּ כִּי שְׂכַרְ֣כֶם הַרְבֶּ֩ה מְ֠אֹ֔ד בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם
כִּי־כֵ֒ן רָדְפ֔וּ אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִ֙ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר הָיוּ֥ לִפְנֵֽיכֶם
12 Be glad and rejoice, for your wage is very abundant in the heavens,
for so they persecuted the prophets who are in your presence.

17
15

אַתֶּ֥֮ם מֶ֣לַח הָאָרֶץ֒ וְאִ֣ם־הַ֙מֶּלַ֙ח יִתְּפֵ֔ל בַּמֶּ֖ה יָמְלָח֑
לֹא־יִצְלַ֙ח ע֜וֹד לִמא֗וּמָה כִּ֚י אִ֔ם־לְחָשְׁלַ֣ךְ הַח֔וּצָה וּלְהֵרָמֵ֖ס רָגֶֽל
13 You are the salt of the earth. And if the salt is insipid, in what way will it be made salty?
It is no longer useful for anything much except to cast outside and to be trampled under foot.

18
21

אַתֶּ֭ם א֣וֹר הַעוֹלָ֑ם
עִ֚יר הַמֻּנַּחַ֣ת עַל־הָ֔ר לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל להִסָּתֵֽר
14 You are the light of the era.
A city resting on a hill cannot be hidden.

7
12
גַּם אֵין מַדְלִיקִים נֵר לָשׂוֹוֹם אוֹתוֹ תַּחַת הָאֵיפָה כִּי אִם־עַל־הַמְּנוֹרָה לְהָאִיר לְכָל־אֲשֶׁר בַּבָּיִת 15 Furthermore, there is no one who will inflame a lamp to put it under an ephah, but rather for the lamp stand to light for all who are in the house.
31

Thursday, 17 January 2019

Searching for another book title

I recently heard the Missa Charles Darwin performed by New York Polyphony, (juxtaposed with a magnificent performance of the Tallis four-part mass.) I have avoided the distraction of the arguments against Darwin. They are based on uninformed opinion. Fear supports such opinions with its consequence, violence. I can't find the quote I thought I read recently about the strength of opinion being inversely proportional to the degree of ignorance of its holder. But here is a note from Darwin about preconceived opinion:
The day will come when this will be given as a curious illustration of the blindness of preconceived opinion. These authors seem no more startled at a miraculous act of creation than at an ordinary birth. But do they really believe that at innumerable periods in the earth's history certain elemental atoms have been commanded suddenly to flash into living tissues? Do they believe that at each supposed act of creation one individual or many were produced? Were all the infinitely numerous kinds of animals and plants created as eggs or seed, or as full grown? and in the case of mammals, were they created bearing the false marks of nourishment from the mother's womb? Although naturalists very properly demand a full explanation of every difficulty from those who believe in the mutability of species, on their own side they ignore the whole subject of the first appearance of species in what they consider reverent silence.
I know I must deal with the science and faith conundrum. I marvel at what we can know and that the more we know, the further into the created order we are called out of our ignorance.

I am going to miss a lecture today. I am needed as chauffeur. Just as well. The speaker was on the radio this morning, on the morning show, and I was not impressed with his coherence. It is the current John Albert Hall lecture and will be podcast by next week. Hmm, I see Diarmaid MacCulloch is scheduled for the fall - I won't want to miss that one.

But the speaker, Christopher Hedges, made a prediction this morning (not very hard to make) that the market would suffer another traumatic depression in our time. Why? He says, Because of the unregulated rule (that's an oxymoron) of the 'Christian' right to our south. It's a stretch, but I expect he has a point. I expect that if we could 'follow the money', we would find that Christian is not the right adjective.

Well, not only them, but those who object to the rule of Mammon in preference to caring for the earth and all who are in it. Remember Psalm 24, one of the few (24, 40, 68, 101, 109, 110, 139) that is headed of David a Psalm.
of David, a psalm.
The earth is Yahweh's and her fullness,
the world and those sitting in her.
The importance of this psalm is underlined by the acrostic that follows it. Incomplete (book 1) or not (book 5), the acrostics follow significant psalms that are themselves significantly related in a circular structure enveloping the whole Psalter. (See this post for the details.)

It is not only this, our current generation, that has worshiped Mammon. Babylon (Babel, God's sledgehammer) is the symbol of stock market collapses. And the downfall of a few other places too, like Tyre (Ezekiel 37), a centre of trade, as the prophet describes, and Ashur (Nahum 3) whose merchants rivaled the population of the chosen (You have increased your merchants more than the stars of the heavens). There is a lot in the Bible about over-confidence on trade, good and necessary though it is.

Who is this Yahweh that the earth and the word and her inhabitants so belong? I think we need a new testament book that focuses on Job. And there isn't one. Darwin is anticipated in Yahweh's speeches. Oh, didn't you notice the nature, red in tooth and claw (Job 39:28-30 for example)? And how about the virility of Behemoth - an early experiment of Yahweh's, the beginning of the ways of the One.

What can be done to understand and to change behaviour? I am considering writing based on words I have not used, like, soul, atonement, and so on. It would make a book, but I think I will have to learn something more first. Maybe another stint as fellow at Uvic? The very place I am avoiding today! And there must be something on the music. And I would not avoid the mechanism of death exhibited by Jesus - as a means of changing the life of all who follow him. Jesus' death is both the means of our evolution and the single best argument against it. He did not propagate, yet he had an impact. Will it last? Is it indeed everlasting, or has it come to its end in the ignominy of Christendom?

Is it because of 'you' that the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles? Romans 2:24.

Monday, 14 January 2019

Word density

I'm sure this is somewhat old hat, but it is interesting to see if some words are more densely used in some books than others. Word density would be the number of occurrences of a stem over the total number of words in the passages being compared. I came across one significant one when doing the 7 different intros to my now 9 volume work on the Hebrew Bible. That is the word for nation, גוי, (goy).

It is more densely used in the latter prophets than in the former by a factor of 8.

This stem גוי, goi, occurs in the Hebrew text 561 times in 23 distinct word forms. In my reading it is always rendered as nation, a word derived from the idea of native, i.e. where you were born. There are 49 occurrences (0. 07% of the words) in the former prophets (just under one fifth of the Bible).  And in the later ones (just over one fifth of the Bible), there are 319 occurrences (0.55% of the words).

What would happen if we looked at other stems? Here's the density of דרך way. Malachi sticks out as do Ezekiel and Job. Leviticus and Qohelet hardly use it at all. There are 769 instances in the Bible in 83 differing word forms (i.e with appendages of articles, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, and as both verb and noun).
Usage density of דרך in the books of the Hebrew canon
A closer look at Malachi is not very helpful. The word only occurs 3 times in the book, but the book is so short that it distorts its own measure. Also my translation is inconsistent in its use of the gloss way. I use it for במה in what way. And I don't gloss דרך as way in one of the three cases but as journey. O bother, said Winnie the Pooh. I should probably not make much of single words in a text. (Let that be a lesson!)

In Job I am more consistent but it is a very flexible word. Here is usage in verse 19.

Job 40:15-19 Behemoth


Sunday, 13 January 2019

Of knights, camels, polemics, and beauty

Prepared for battle

I was just rereading the chapter on polemical language in my book, The Song in the Night. It's a good description. So many people who need to be right arguing about what they do not know. Curious. How much better is a good piece of music.

Behind this image of the castle is a small portion of my library of scholarly books trying to search out what their authors were discovering (why else does one write?) and variously succeeding or not. Where is the power? Why should we seek it?  You can see that it is a magnificently sunny day in castle land. The forces approaching the castle are led by a knight on a camel. Surely not - what knight rode a camel!

I too am preparing for a beta discovery of the errors and incongruities in my reading of the Scripture. How can I reconcile this with my faith. How does the NT fit with my musical appreciation for the OT? Based on my upbringing in the faith, it is clear that the conversation has to change. Polemics - being right - cannot be prophetic. Let's rather be beautiful. There must be a theology that will not pit us against each other.

There was a lovely service this morning at St Barnabas, with Palestrina's motet Sicut Cervus sung by the choir. It is nice to hear a choir sing well. This performance from the Sistine chapel is lovely.

Saturday, 5 January 2019

Introduction to a translation for the music

I have added a few more examples of my rationale for my concordant reading of the Hebrew Bible for the sake of the music. If you are a reader, please have a look and let me know what you think.

Tuesday, 1 January 2019

Jerome's introduction to the Vulgate

A fascinating read here:

A sampler
The present translation follows no ancient translator, but will be found to reproduce now the exact words, now the meaning, now both together of the original Hebrew, Arabic, and occasionally the Syriac. For an indirectness and a slipperiness attaches to the whole book, even in the Hebrew; and, as orators say in Greek, it is tricked out with figures of speech, and while it says one thing, it does another; just as if you close your hand to hold an eel or a little muræna, the more you squeeze it, the sooner it escapes. I remember that in order to understand this volume, I paid a not inconsiderable sum for the services of a teacher, a native of Lydda, who was amongst the Hebrews reckoned to be in the front rank; whether I profited at all by his teaching, I do not know; of this one thing I am sure, that I could translate only that which I previously understood.
Good for Jerome. I translated in order to seek what I could understand. I am suspicious of understanding in case I turn it into something else over which I think I have power. 

Re the Psalms:
"Jerome had, while at Rome, made a translation of the Psalms from the LXX., which he had afterwards corrected by collation with the Hebrew text." ...His friend Sophronius, in quoting the Psalms to the Jews, was constantly met with the reply, “It does not so stand in the Hebrew.”
and later on some detail,
Long ago, when I was living at Rome, I revised the Psalter, and corrected it in a great measure, though but cursorily, in accordance with the Septuagint version. You now find it, Paula and Eustochium, again corrupted through the fault of copyists, and realise the fact that ancient error is more powerful than modern correction; and you therefore urge me, as it were, to cross-plough the land which has already been broken up, and, by means of the transverse furrows, to root out the thorns which are beginning to spring again; it is only right, you say, that rank and noxious growths should be cut down as often as they appear. And so I issue my customary admonition by way of preface both to you, for whom it happens that I am undertaking the labour, and to those persons who desire to have copies such as I describe.  
ancient error is more powerful than modern correction

Well well - I don't think I am correcting, but I am challenging all the condensed theology I was taught in my early days.