Biblical Studies Carnival

Jim West has hosted a unique carnival -- as he does always -- here. 

Second verse of Swan Song

 February 4, I reported that I was 22% along the way to presenting the music of the bible in SVG images verse by verse in epub format. 

I measured where I am as of March 22.

The first volume is being edited by my publisher. So this will see the light of availability - perhaps by Canada Day. Not to rush too much the thoughts that happen when you are doing a project like this. As you can see from the table below, I have completed 7 volumes of a planned 18. These are the 438 chapters of Exodus, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, The Twelve, Psalms, Job, and the Five Scrolls. That's 47% of the chapters but only 38% of the verses -- so a lot of removal of spurious silluqs and sculpting of the music is left to do. Probably some tasks could be done by an agent or script in a musescore addon-- but it might take longer to write and use than 488 right clicks over the next few months! 

I'm still astonished at the number of spurious silluq accents, 1 verse in every three this morning has one or more errors in the Leningrad codex. The resulting tonic monotone shows that no one understood what they were doing to the music. It's not that there aren't, sometimes, dips to the tonic in the musical line. It's a long recitation on the tonic that should be rare. 

It's curious too that these extra accents result in more than one per lexical word. This too happens in the music. This shows, as I have noted elsewhere, that accents aren't just for an 'accented' syllable. They are melody, and in some ways, though limited in this music, an accent can occur anywhere. It's quite possible, and often happens, that a syllable marked with an 'accent' is lyrically an upbeat.

Relevant for today

 Please watch this lecture by Philippe Sands

Biblical Studies carnival 225

Phillip Long has posted the carnival #225 at Reading Acts. He mentions my project to produce the music line by line. Last month it was at 22%. Today it is at 35%. I hope to have finished Isaiah by the time you read this. More to come as it progresses. Not much blogging though. Too busy.

A process for maintenance of the music once it is extracted from the database

At some point I hope to have EPUB's for every chapter of the Bible, one verse at a time with the music. I designed what is likely to be my final product to help people learn the music of the Hebrew Bible. 

Here is a quick look at Isaiah 40 verse 1.

The music embedded in the text of Isaiah 40, verse 1

And here's the text:

Isaiah 40: (Verses 1 to 1) Syllables: 14; Longest recitation: 4; Tenor: g 42.86%;
Ornament density: 0%; Average phrase length: 7.

1 Comfort, comfort, my people, says your God. (1-4-1)
א נחמ֥ו נחמ֖ו עמ֑י יאמ֖ר אלהיכֽם	8 6		a nkmu nkmu ymi iamr alohicm

Notice how the music moves based on the accents under the text. Count them (5) and observe the five movements from the starting note to the mid point and back.

Everything is in the database. I am just beginning to work on this chapter and it fits my purpose in this blog post. It took a few short minutes for me to produce that music and text directly from the database. I didn't type or scribe any of it. I had to use a png image instead of svg on this platform since blogger doesn't (yet) support svg. 

We wrote data-driven programs. If the data was well-designed, it was easy to get the required output from it.

Over the last few months, I have been getting the data out of the database and into epubs where normal people could maintain it if necessary. It is becoming simpler.

For those sections that I have finished, the music and the data surrounding it can be maintained by anyone who can use Musescore and Calibre. No other dependencies needed - except to be able to rename files. No database knowledge required.

Finally I figured out a way to generate the html and .bat files so that they have the best chance of corresponding to individual lines of music. Roughly 30 or 31 syllables will fit on a page width depending on the ornament density of the verse. Most verses fit within three lines of music on an iPhone, making it possible to have the Bible in Hebrew and English with its embedded music in your pocket.

Music Files

I will deliver all the necessary music files and verified batch rename files to my publisher if we have success, so that if people wanted, for instance, the base music for a chapter, it would be available in an mscz (music zip) file. Load the mscz file, change the page length to the length you want, remove the line feeds as desired, and you have the full score for a chapter. Arrange and perform as you wish. The music itself is not copyright. It is part of the Bible and derived by a key that is discoverable from the way the te'amim are used in the Hebrew text.

Possibly some day, Calibre or some other program or avatar will be able to sing the music for the reader, but that was not possible the last time I checked. And I won't be checking any time soon if I am going to get all the data out and ready for study. I'm sorry that more people don't follow Wm Byrd's injunction to learn to sing. And by the way, learn to read music also.

I have given away the music xml and pdfs many years ago, (see the music page) but I had not created and sculpted the music images into scalar vector graphics (svg) form, one verse at a time. Nor had I fixed the WLC data to conform to Aleppo as much as I have this time round. It is still not perfect but it is closer to the original, and I am not convinced that even Aleppo is clear of the kinds of error I have encountered.

Maintaining the data is trickier than just using the music to prepare an arrangement. The music images are directly dependent on the Hebrew text. The four versions of the Hebrew text seen above in the image and text should remain consistent if the epub needs to be updated.

This is my process for getting the data out of the database into the e-pub:

1. Fix premature descents to the tonic – compare WLC verse by verse with MG Crown Aleppo codex. Check all internal descents to the tonic against mgketer site. I do this before generating the music. This step can be done for multiple chapters -- I keep going until I get tired. (Code to compare the two versions would be difficult to write. WLC uses a different level of Unicode from mgketer, coding sequences of diacritics differ even within the WLC, and there are a host of irrelevant notes and other comments that need to be ignored.) So far in about 300 chapters and about 6500 verses, I have corrected about 700 errors in the WLC. That's just over a 10% error rate. In what -- just over 100 years of copying? (Copyists get tired too!) The database remembers my changes so I can tell what I have done and when. I use three windows: 
• my proprietary update screen for the database, 
• the mgketer chapter, (in Hebrew only).
• a filter on my shortcut work file showing the notes to isolate the verses I suspect are in error. 
2. Generate music XML using my music generation page. This can be done for multiple chapters that have been verified. Takes a few seconds per chapter.
3. Run the data and the batch file for the chapter to html format. This program is one of many I have written for extracting data in various formats.
4. Open the music with Musescore, load the style file for one line per page. Open the bat file with a text editor and check the music 'pages' against the batch file. Page size is in the image:

1. Load the one-line style. [Saved in my Google Drive here]
2. Mark all beams as disconnected -- they will disappear (use multi-select). Make all triplets invisible – note stems are already invisible from program that generates xml.
3. Force returns on all verses – one verse per 'page'. (Every verse ends with a rest and a barline.) Fix alignment of text and check for slurs that displace text or make the lyrics line too low, adjust to under or over as needed. (Change all slurs to above - correct the few that get in the way of text rather than the many that get in the way of lyrics.)
4. (Poetry only -- add breath for ole-veyored – should automate this but tricky).
5. Adjust margins if needed.
6. Save to mscz file.
7. Verify the batch file against the music. Must agree on pages. Possible to insert a blank page and delete it later -- mark the bar as not included. (I have only had to do this once -- my techniques seem to be improving.)
8. Export svg to work area.
9. Use saved .bat file in cmd window or equivalent to rename the files.
10. Load svg files and html into e-pub.
11. Verify. (Calibre verify function will find errors in renaming if you miss them).
12. Delete the svg files in the work area.

This process takes from 10 minutes to an hour for longer prose chapters.

All Musescore files and batch rename files are saved in case steps 1 to 12 need repeating. Spot corrections are possible but tricky since the text and music are so integrated. E.g. a change in a word affects the music, the staff text, the Hebrew words with te’amim also and potentially, bar numbering. 

If a change is required, load the mscz file, make the changes and repeat the process from step 6.

I've documented this for my use -- but if anyone takes over what I am doing, who knows, it might give them some ideas.

What would motivate someone to do this task when nearly four-score years? Well, it's fascinating and it changes how you read. I hope that we (humanity) might start to read the Biblical text with love rather than our own fear and petty prejudices. So that we might learn to comfort each other, the people that Isaiah is referring to -- indirectly of course. 

Swan Song

 Hi Friends,

I am not in any immediate danger apart from falling on the ice or in the snow, but I am beginning my good-byes; my swan song is taking shape.

My swan song is a visual presentation of the Music of the Bible, verse by verse with Scalar Vector Graphic images -- and zero commentary from me. This is a job that I was prepared for by the zigzag pattern of my learning (or not) over the first 60 years of my life. Nineteen years on out of this somewhat formless and in some areas undisciplined period, there has emerged a presentation of the jots and tittles of the Hebrew Bible, the like of which has not been seen on this earth to date. That's largely because it is detailed work requiring a host of different kinds of software and some theoretical discoveries that had not existed till the late 20th century. I express my dependency and gratitude to the many software engineers who have created the base tools I required for this final effort. 

I am indebted to many software engineers:

1. Kovid Goyal, who created the Calibre e-book software,
2. and the Musescore team,
3. also to the late David Driver, dearly missed, chief programmer who assisted so much in internationalizing my database interface,
4. and to the creators of tanach.us, the online version of the Westminster Leningrad codex and its web service,
5. and to the creators of mgketer.org for the availability of a readable Aleppo codex.
6. and to the creators of Oracle and MusicXML, tools that have been essential to me for this work.
7. Not to mention -- and I should have -- W3Cschools and their encouragement of the creation of high quality SVG graphics.

The presentation will be in (well maybe) 19 volumes, 0 to 18 -- like this: My status report as of today.

Proposed volumes, nothing like starting at volume 0, a precursor that is required for each of the others.

You can see that I am 22% through the process. It's longish and tiring but most of the presentation is automated. I verified book 3 of the Psalter since yesterday comparing the two editions, WLC and Aleppo for premature or confused silluqs - only 17 errors. I expect the prose sections to take a bit longer.

I am hoping to finish by the end of this year. The most difficult part is comparing tanach.us with mgketer. It would be possible to do software for this step rather than a filter on internal tonics in the musical phrase, then a visual scan of the Hebrew to compare the pointing to the Aleppo codex. But such a program would be more complex than the manual process which takes a minute per verse perhaps, but is also a good practice for reading the Hebrew.

You will see from the table this is an estimated 3 gigs of e-books -- I wonder who will read and study them and do a more complete analysis of the music than I have done these past 10 years. The introductory paragraphs to this series are available in draft form in e-book form me -- just ask for the link. I would welcome critical readers for each volume and feedback. My working title for the series is God's Tone of Voice. Message me if you are interested. See my 'about' page for contact info.

Each verse is like this:

Sample verse, not SVG since blogger doesn't support it;

Those of you learning Hebrew can see four ways of looking at the text: the pointed text, an eclectic WLC corrected from the Aleppo codex, a simple transcription for singing, the Hebrew without vowels so you can see and learn the cantillation signs alone, and the SimHebrew based on the full modern spelling of the words in a left to right simulation of Hebrew in the Latin character set. Above that is my English guide, and the type of verse by cadence. 

Translations

This post on translation has had quite a life behind my back. Over 3500 views. I am embarking on a new project these days. The hard work of the past 8 months is resulting in a presentation of the Scripture in a new form - verse by verse with the music:

•  4 versions of the same Hebrew, 
• square text fully pointed word by word over the musical staff,
• the music with its underlay derived from the Hebrew, 
• the square text with the cantillation only, for learning to sight read the music, 
• the SimHebrew text to allow those who don't read the square text to see it,  
• and my English guide with all its accumulated changes over the past 5+ years.

My working title for the series is God's Tone of Voice. I am struggling to get the Scripture out of the prison of my software into the hands and minds of those who might love it as I do. I have done about 100 chapters so far. The remaining 700 or so I hope to do over the next year. Here's an image of a page of the Song with my favorite email tag line 20 odd years ago.

Song 2:15

I can't demonstrate image clarity in a blog post because blogger doesn't support SVG images. The clarity on an iPhone, iPad or PC is excellent. The e-book is pleasant to read even on a small screen. The iPhone particularly handles images well in landscape mode.

Here's a sampler of the book(s) - the frame with a half-dozen chapters Bible Music by Example - A Sampler. You will need an epub reader to see it.