Tuesday 15 October 2024

Psalm 1 and its cadences

Some scholars think that in the three books of poetry, the cadence on the atnah is weaker than the cadence on the ole-veyored. I don't think this is the case.

Many scholars and traditions have a number of different pause values associated with different accents. I admit I have not thought much about them except for the atnah and the ole-veyored. In the Haïk-Vantoura schema, the deciphering is relatively clear and I don't get too tangled in language. All the terms are 'reconciled' in part in the accents document here.

I do have my own biases - they are accidental to my history as a singer and cantor. We always used to count to 2 at the midpoint of a psalm, to allow consideration of the text. This is a bias. First the midpoints chosen in Anglican chant or plainsong are not necessarily those of the Hebrew Bible. Secondly, they are not midpoints as if they divide the text equally. They are chosen by the poet and are sometimes very lopsided in their placement. Thirdly, the verses aren't always the same in liturgical editions and the Bible itself. So -- discount those biases. But pauses for breathing, for dramatic effect, for consideration are all legitimate in performance.

The base data is clear:

  • the atnah occurs only once per verse if it is present.
  • Similarly, the old-veyored occurs only once per verse if it appears.
  • If both appear, the ole-veyored always precedes the atnah.
  • The harmonic order is then tonic, to a cadence on the supertonic, the second degree of the scale, then to a cadence on the subdominant, the 4th degree of the scale, then a return to the tonic.
  • The mid verse cadences are each optional, but they occur frequently. Only 147 of 2,527 verses have neither inner verse cadence in the Psalms.
The relative strength of the cadence is dependent on its tonality. 
  • The subdominant can often feel like you are at home, at rest in the middle of the verse.
  • The supertonic is less a point of stability. It feels like something should follow, even if you are pausing.
  • The tonic, being the beginning and ending feels like something has concluded.
  • The Haïk-Vantoura deciphering is the only one I am aware of that uses these three cadence points. 
  • My additional thought: a verse beginning on a note other than the tonic feels like it is attached to something that preceded it.
Perhaps you will judge my judgments as subjective - I am sure they are -- but it's how I consider the music as a layer of the sense of the psalms. I really must write that second book - Hearing the Psalms. But I know it will take years.

Here is the text of Psalm 1 and its music -- atnah are colour-coded as green, ole-veyored as red and revia-mugrash as blue. Here's a question: does the revia-mugrash have any impact on the length of the pause for the atnah? We have verses with a combination of accents:
  1. a tricolon, ole-veyored, atnah, revia-mugrash
  2. a bicolon, ole-veyored, no revia-mugrash
  3. a tricolon, ole-veyored, atnah, no revia-mugrash
  4. a bicolon, atnah, revia-mugrash
  5. a bicolon, atnah, revia-mugrash
  6. a bicolon, atnah, no revia-mugrash
I see the revia-mugrash purely as a melodic fragment, an ornament. I would not expect it to have any effect on some other part of the musical cadence structure.
Psalm 1 showing selected ornaments and pauses



Psalm 13

Psalms - called in the plural since that's the name of the book. The Hebrew name is plural thilm, the 14th book of the Bible, the first of the third division of the Hebrew Bible, Writings or ctubim.

A short psalm for analysis.
I am using my usual presentation scheme, four ways of reading the Hebrew, Word by word left to right above the score, but read each word right to left, a rough transcription readable by a singer who does not know Hebrew, then below my translation, the square text without vowels but showing the musical hand signals, the cantilation or trope, then the SimHebrew a one for one reversible code for the plene (malé) text. The SimHebrew is an automated transcription of the haser text above the music to plene text. But what about the psalm? How should we hear it?
1 For the leader. A psalm of David.
א למנצ֗ח מזמ֥ור לדוֽד 9
a lmnxk mzmor ldvid
2 How long please Yahweh will you forget me? perpetually?
How long please will you hide your face from me?
ב עד־א֣נה י֭הוה תשכח֣ני נ֑צח
עד־א֓נה תסת֖יר את־פנ֣יך ממֽני
11
12
b yd-anh ihvh twckni nxk
yd-anh tstir at-pniç mmni
3 How long please must I impose advice on myself, sadness in my heart by day?
How long please will my enemy be exalted over me?
ג עד־א֨נה אש֪ית עצ֡ות בנפש֗י יג֣ון בלבב֣י יומ֑ם
עד־א֓נה יר֖ום איב֣י עלֽי
17
9
g yd-anh awit yxot bnpwi igon blbbi iomm
yd-anh irum aoibi ylii
4 Take note - answer me Yahweh my God.
Light my eyes, lest I be dead asleep,
ד הב֣יטֽה ע֭נני יהו֣ה אלה֑י
הא֥ירה ע֝ינ֗י פן־איש֥ן המֽות
11
11
d hbiTh ynni ihvh alohii
hairh yinii pn-aiwn hmvvt
5 lest my enemy say, I have overpowered him.
My foes will rejoice, for I will be moved.

ה פן־יאמ֣ר איב֣י יכלת֑יו
צר֥י י֝ג֗ילו כ֣י אמֽוט
8
8
h pn-iamr aoibi icoltiv
xrii igilu ci amoT
6 But I, in your kindness I have trusted. My heart will rejoice in your salvation.
I will sing to Yahweh,
for he has matured me.
ו ואנ֤י בחסדך֣ בטחתי֮ י֤ג֥ל לב֗י בֽישוע֫ת֥ך
אש֥ירה ליהו֑ה
כ֖י גמ֣ל עלֽי
19
5
5
v vani bksdç bTkti igl libi biwuytç
awirh lihvh
ci gml ylii

Does the original music derived from the accents above and below the text itself reveal something more than the text by itself? Can we hear the emotion, the tone of voice through the music?

This psalm has a tenor of B (munah). I am surprised. It seems on the surface of the words to be an appeal, but it is largely sung on the shofar proclamation tone of B. I conclude that the tone of the psalm is confidence in God throughout as is explicitly expressed in the words of verse 6.

Two of the long phrases, the 17 syllables of 3a may be divided at the revia (appoggiatura) on bnpwi (on myself) and, the 19 syllables of 6a on the tsinnor in bTkti (I have trusted). I have shown the phrasing in the English underlay below. My program counts syllables only between the main cadences, ole veyored (6a is the only instance here of this cadence on the supertonic), the atnah (on A, the subdominant), and the silluq (the tonic) at each verse ending.

I have not done an arrangement for a long time, but I feel I must again since I received a note from a group of scholars intending to have people sing the psalms in translation. And of course we do this and have done so for hundreds of years. James McGrath in his book on the Bible and Music (available without charge at the link) has documented many examples. But should we ignore the music that is in the Bible itself? I think the music embedded in the text is integral to the presentation of the psalm - its real tone of voice, its confidence, its expression of the poet's mind. None of these things can be fully described.

There are many possible arrangements of the musical motifs of the raw data of the Bible, for instance, call and response, or a hymn, or a solo song and so on. I could imagine a threatening chorus at the end of each question: I have overpowered him. Then a rejoicing chorus repeating the last verse to conclude. But we can also sing what is there in our own language without elaboration.
Psalm 13 with English underlay to the melody as determined by the accents over and under the text

Notice the movement of recurring words. The most obvious are the four questions: How long please. The final focus of recurring words is rejoice: the imagined rejoice of the enemies, and the rejoice of the poet's heart. 
Recurring words in Psalm 13

Many things change when the music is underlaid with lyrics that do not share the Hebrew pulse. 

You will find a live performance in Hebrew hereThere are differences in the sung notes from the score above for reasons noted before: cantillation changes to the text over 900 years, and the increased number of meteg's causing spurious returns to the tonic. Fortunately in this case they are of short duration.

Sunday 13 October 2024

Chronicles

Note that every book in its own pdf is available from this post.
Chapter Syllables Max
Recit
c d e f g# A B C
1 Chronicles
1992131.61 2.62 18.35 20.06 23.99 9.27 18.04 6.05Adam Seth Enosh.
21221151.8 3.28 18.43 16.95 20.15 9.42 22.11 7.86These are the children of Israel,
Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah, Issachar and Zebulun,
3543224.05 4.79 21.73 14.92 20.81 9.94 18.97 4.79And these are the children of David that were born to him in Hebron,
the firstborn, Amnon of Axinoam the Jezreelite, second, Daniel of Abigail the Carmelite,
41135211.76 2.73 19.65 12.33 19.21 9.87 24.85 9.60The children of Judah,
Perez, Hetsron, and Carmi, and Hur, and Shobal.
5816301.59 2.94 23.28 14.71 14.71 12.75 21.69 8.33And the children of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn, but he profaned the bunk of his father). His birthright was given to the children of Joseph, child of Israel,
and not through the genealogy of the firstborn.
6151920.99 3.29 30.48 12.44 23.17 9.61 14.88 5.13The children of Levi,
Gershom, Kohath, and Merari.
71099282.73 3.09 18.38 13.28 17.74 9.65 25.02 10.10And to the children of Issachar, Tola and Puah, Yeshuv and Shimron, four. S
8753192.92 3.85 23.90 18.86 23.24 8.37 16.73 2.12And Benjamin had Bela his firstborn,
Ashbel the second, and Axarax the third,
91201172.75 3.83 24.48 13.57 19.90 11.57 20.57 3.33And all Israel was enrolled by genealogy. And behold, it is written in the record of the kings of Israel,
and Judah, who were exiled to Babel in their trespass. S
10488191.23 3.69 17.62 8.20 15.78 12.50 25.82 15.16And the Philistines fought against Israel,
and the man of Israel withdrew from the presence of Philistines, and the profaned fell on mount Gilboa.
111248162 3.85 24.28 10.74 18.11 8.33 20.03 12.66And all Israel collected themselves to David toward Hebron, saying,
Behold, your bone and your flesh we are.
121260322.46 3.02 23.25 11.03 15.40 9.21 24.84 10.79And these are they who came to David, to Tsiqlag, while he contained himself from the face of Saul, child of Kish.
And they were among the valiant, helpers in the battle.
13504432.98 5.56 15.48 10.91 17.46 10.71 25.60 11.31And David consulted with the chiefs of thousands and of hundreds for every herald.
14489141.64 2.25 22.29 13.70 18.00 9.20 17.59 15.34And Hiram the king of Tyre sent messengers to David and cedar trees and artificers of sidewall and artificers of timber,
to build for him a house.
1595632.63 2.93 25.31 9.62 16.53 12.34 26.78 5.86And he made for himself houses in the city of David,
and prepared a place for the ark of God, and stretched out for it a tent.
161018271.18 1.77 22.69 12.87 18.17 7.96 16.99 18.37And they brought the ark of God and exhibited it in the midst of the tent that David had stretched out for it.
And they came near with burnt offerings and peace offerings in the presence of God.
1795420.84 3.67 22.01 11.84 15.62 11.84 20.86 13.31And it happened that as David sat in his house,
that David said to Nathan the prophet, Behold I myself sit in a house of cedar, but the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is under curtains.
1857618.69 3.99 20.49 11.28 15.28 8.85 18.23 21.18And it was after such that David struck the Philistines and subdued them,
and he took Gath and her built-up areas from the hand of the Philistines.
19786272.42 2.93 18.45 7.12 13.87 12.09 28.88 14.25And it was after such that Nachas, king of the children of Ammon, died,
and his son reigned in his stead.
20327221.83 4.89 25.69 8.87 14.07 7.03 32.42 5.20And it was the time of the turning of the year, at the time the kings go forth, and Joab led the force of the host and destroyed the land of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah, and David sat in Jerusalem.
And Joab struck Rabbah and overthrew it.
211121192.14 3.48 20.61 11.06 14.09 9.37 24.09 15.17And an accuser stood up over Israel,
and he incited David to fathom Israel.
22730291.92 3.97 14.93 12.33 13.29 9.73 31.51 12.33And David said, This is itself the house of Yahweh God,
and this, the altar for a burnt offering for Israel. P
23859302.33 4.77 19.21 13.15 17.35 9.31 24.10 9.78And David was old and sated with days,
and Solomon his son reigned over Israel.
2475522.79 1.06 28.74 9.93 17.88 7.81 25.30 8.48And for the children of Aaron, their divisions,
the children of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
2576127.79 2.23 21.29 19.19 11.96 5.39 22.34 16.82And David and the chiefs of the host differentiated for the service of the children of Asaph and Heyman and Jeduthun, to prophesy with harps, with lutes and with cymbals,
and the counts of the men of trade for their service were:
26968152.79 2.69 22.11 11.78 15.70 10.12 22.52 12.29Of the divisions of the gatekeepers,
of the Korahites, Meshelemiah, child of Qore, from the children of Asaph.
27109045.83 1.47 17.98 12.94 16.51 17.16 23.94 9.17And the children of Israel, for their count, the heads of the ancestors, and the chiefs of thousands and of hundreds, and their overseers, ministered to the king for all matters of the divisions that came in and went out month by month for every month of the year.
One division, twenty four thousand. P
28954312.73 4.82 18.55 10.59 12.89 7.55 30.40 12.47And David convened all the chiefs of Israel, the chiefs of the bands, and the chiefs of the divisions ministering to the king, and the chiefs of thousands, and the chiefs of hundreds, and the chiefs of all the property and acquisitions for the king and for his children, with the eunuchs and the valiant, and for all of valour and ability, to Jerusalem.
291227362.12 3.42 17.11 8.72 13.45 7.91 30.64 16.63And David the king said to all the congregation, Solomon my son, the one whom God has chosen, is a youth and is tender,
and the line of work is great, because not for a human are the temple precincts, but for Yahweh God.
2 Chronicles
1690232.32 4.06 17.54 8.84 13.33 7.97 29.13 16.81And Solomon child of David was resolved concerning his kingdom,
and Yahweh his God was with him and made him to be greatly ascendant.
281335.86 3.08 21.28 9.72 11.32 6.64 34.44 12.67And Solomon counted seventy thousand men to bear burdens, and eighty thousand men to hew in the hill,
and the leaders over them were three thousand six hundred. P
3603151.49 2.16 19.57 12.11 13.76 10.78 25.37 14.76And Solomon started building the house of Yahweh in Jerusalem on the hill Moriah, that of the appearance to David his father,
which David had prepared in the place at the threshing-floor of I Shout With Joy the Jebusite.
4802354.36 4.86 15.71 12.59 12.59 8.60 32.42 8.85And he made the altar of brass, twenty cubits its length and twenty cubits its breadth,
and ten cubits its height. S
5603344.15 4.31 18.41 12.11 11.11 9.12 30.68 10.12And all the lines of work were whole which Solomon had constructed for the house of Yahweh.
And Solomon brought the holy things of David his father, and the silver and the gold and all the vessels, he gave into the treasuries of the house of God. P
61808281 2.05 18.03 10.90 13.61 9.35 31.58 13.50Then Solomon said,
Yahweh is said to dwell in dark turbulence.
7960341.35 2.19 14.90 8.54 13.33 10.63 35.31 13.75And as Solomon finished praying, the fire descended from the heavens and it devoured the burnt offering and the sacrifices,
and the glory of Yahweh filled the house.
8699273 3.43 24.75 13.02 11.73 5.01 26.90 12.16And it happened at the end of twenty years that Solomon had built the house of Yahweh and his house.
91213211.98 5.03 16.08 10.14 14.51 10.31 29.76 12.20And the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, and she went to prove Solomon with riddles in Jerusalem, with excessively glorious wealth, and camels bearing spices, and gold abundant, and precious stone.
And she went to Solomon and spoke with him all that was with her heart.
10755271.19 2.38 24.50 9.01 13.64 10.99 25.56 12.72And Rehoboam went to Shechem,
for to Shechem all Israel had come to make him king.
11714252.94 4.06 24.51 12.18 17.93 9.52 23.81 5.04And Rehoboam entered Jerusalem and convened the house of Judah and Benjamin, a hundred and eighty thousand chosen,
to make war to fight with Israel to restore the kingdom to Rehoboam. P
12617252.43 5.02 18.31 9.24 14.91 10.05 24.47 15.56And it happened when Rehoboam had established the kingdom and had encouraged himself, he forsook the instruction of Yahweh,
and all Israel with him. P
1393916.85 3.30 19.38 10.76 14.06 10.22 29.61 11.82In year of the eighteenth of king Jeroboam,
and Abijah reigned over Judah.
14540340 1.48 19.26 9.63 15.37 10.56 32.41 11.30And Asa did what is good and what is upright in the eyes of Yahweh his God.
15626211.28 3.04 23.96 12.62 17.57 8.95 22.20 10.38And Azariah child of Oded, the spirit of God was upon him.
1660716.99 1.98 16.47 8.40 14.00 9.39 36.90 11.86In the thirty sixth year of the reign of Asa, Baasha king of Israel came up to Judah and built Ramah,
so as to prevent going out or coming in to Asa king of Judah.
17630212.7 5.87 21.43 13.97 18.89 9.84 19.68 7.62And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead,
and was resolute concerning Israel.
181307221.45 3.44 24.41 10.48 13.62 10.71 25.02 10.86And there were for Jehoshaphat riches and glory in abundance,
and he made an alliance with Ahab.
19462321.95 2.60 19.91 10.82 12.12 5.41 37.66 9.52And Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, returned to his house in peace to Jerusalem. S
201458282.74 3.98 23.80 10.36 14.20 10.29 27.23 7.41And it was after this the children of Moab came, and the children of Ammon, and with them from the Ammonites, against Jehoshaphat to war.
2176619.91 3.92 18.54 11.62 14.10 9.27 28.59 13.05And Jehoshaphat was laid out with his ancestors and was entombed with his ancestors in the city of David,
and Jehoram his son reigned in his stead.
22593252.53 5.40 19.39 9.61 11.47 10.12 33.39 8.09And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Achaziah, his youngest son, king in his stead, for all those first in line, the raiding party that came with the Arabians to the camp, had slain.
And Achaziah reigned, child of Jehoram king of Judah. P
2396646.52 2.48 22.05 10.46 10.46 9.01 33.23 11.80And in the seventh year Jehoiada was encouraged, and he took the chiefs of hundreds, of Azariah child of Jeroham, of Yishmaeil child of Yehoxanan, and of Azariah child of Obed, and Maaseyah child of Adiyah, and Elishaphat child of Zikri, with him into covenant.
241135322.03 4.58 19.12 9.07 12.78 8.55 34.89 8.99A child of seven years, Joash began to reign, and forty years he reigned in Jerusalem,
and the name of his mother was Zibiah from Beer-Sheva.
25123135.24 2.11 17.22 9.75 12.51 8.29 30.63 19.25A child of twenty five years, Amaziah reigned, and twenty nine years he reigned in Jerusalem.
And the name of his mother was Jehoaddan from Jerusalem.
26932212.68 2.15 20.39 7.62 14.59 6.97 29.94 15.67And all the people of Judah took Uzziah, and he was a child of sixteen years,
and made king him instead of his father Amaziah.
27301181 2.99 18.60 7.64 16.61 8.31 33.55 11.30A child of twenty five years was Jotham when he began to reign, and sixteen years he reigned in Jerusalem.
And the name of his mother was Yerushah, the daughter of Zadok.
281116281.7 3.23 24.46 8.87 14.25 7.62 28.41 11.47A child of twenty years Ahaz was when he began to reign, and sixteen years he reigned in Jerusalem,
and he did not do what is upright in the eyes of Yahweh like David his father.
291412321.84 2.90 18.20 9.42 15.30 9.49 29.04 13.81Hezekiah began to reign as a child of twenty five years, and twenty nine years, he reigned in Jerusalem,
and the name of his mother was Abijah, the daughter of Zachariah.
301124201.96 3.38 21.44 8.81 13.26 8.10 31.49 11.57And Hezekiah sent over all Israel and Judah, and also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh, to come to the house of Yahweh in Jerusalem,
to do the Passover of Yahweh, the God of Israel.
31955353.35 3.35 17.17 8.80 14.55 9.42 33.09 10.26And as all this was finished, all Israel that were found came forth to the cities of Judah, and they shattered the monuments, and they chopped down the fetishes, and they broke down the high places, and the altars from all Judah and Benjamin, and in Ephraim and Manasseh, until they finished.
And all the children of Israel returned, each to its holding, to their own cities. P
32139827.86 2.72 24.54 8.51 13.38 8.51 31.19 10.30After these truthful matters, Senacherib king of Ashur came.
And he entered Judah, and encamped against the enclosed cities, and said he would split them for himself.
33955241.05 3.35 18.85 11.20 14.14 7.96 31.31 12.15A child of twelve years was Manasseh when he began to reign,
and fifty five years he reigned in Jerusalem. S
341529321.57 2.88 18.97 8.11 13.02 10.20 36.95 8.31A child of eight years Josiah was when he began to reign,
and thirty one years he reigned in Jerusalem.
351180241.19 3.64 22.12 9.66 13.64 11.02 27.46 11.27And Josiah did in Jerusalem the Passover of Yahweh,
and they butchered the Passover on the fourteenth of the first month.
36920181.74 3.04 20.54 9.24 14.24 10.22 29.02 11.96And the people of the land took Jehoahaz, child of Josiah,
and made him king instead of his father in Jerusalem.

Saturday 12 October 2024

Daniel

Note that every book in its own pdf is available from this post.
Chapter Syllables Max
Recit
c d e f g# A B C
1788171.52 2.03 20.05 9.01 14.47 12.44 28.43 12.06In the third year of the reign of Jehoiachim king of Judah,
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel came to Jerusalem and laid siege to her.
22002321.55 2.85 15.23 11.54 13.59 8.29 32.62 14.34And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams,
and beaten down was his spirit and his sleep was against him.
31561351.86 1.73 21.59 7.88 11.53 8.20 34.79 12.43Nebuchadnezzar the king fabricated an image of gold with altitude sixty cubits, width six cubits.
He placed it in the grassland of Dura in the province of Babel.
4142922.63 1.26 17.14 10.22 11.48 8.12 36.88 14.28I, Nebuchadnezzar, at ease I was in my house, and luxuriant in my palace.
51336341.57 2.25 21.71 9.81 11.68 11.08 32.41 9.51Belshazzar the king served a banquet of abundance to a thousand of his overlords,
and before the thousand, he imbibed red wine.
61330261.8 1.80 19.10 8.72 12.48 10.68 34.44 10.98And Darius the Mede received the kingdom,
as a child of sixty two years.
7117639.26 1.45 16.50 10.54 12.50 10.88 36.65 11.22In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babel, Daniel perceived a dream and visions of his head in his lying down.
Then he wrote the dream. He talked about the sum of the thing.
897923.72 3.47 17.06 13.89 15.32 12.77 26.56 10.21In the third year of the reign of Belshazzar the king,
a vision appeared to me, (I am Daniel), after what had appeared to me at the start.
9122124.25 2.46 16.54 8.11 13.43 8.68 34.07 16.46In the first year of Darius, child of Ahasuerus, from the seed of the Medes,
who was made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans,
10815232.58 4.66 14.60 12.15 12.02 10.18 30.80 13.01In the third year of Cyrus, king of Persia, a word was disclosed to Daniel, whose name is called Belteshazzar,
and the word was true and a great host, and he understood the matter, and discerned for himself the appearance.
111560272.24 3.46 17.44 10.96 16.54 11.28 28.78 9.29And I, in the first year of Darius the Mede,
I stood to encourage and to strengthen him.
12449211.56 3.34 19.15 15.81 14.48 11.80 26.95 6.90And at that time Michael will stand, the great chief that stands over the children of your people, and there will be a time of trouble that not has been since there was a nation until that time,
and at that time your people will escape, everyone, whoever is found inscribed in the book.

Ezra-Nehemiah

Note that every book in its own pdf is available from this post. Chapter 2 is on f - but munah is still evident.
Chapter Syllables Max
Recit
c d e f g# A B C
Ezra
146420.86 .43 22.63 10.78 13.58 14.01 25.43 12.28And in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia to consummate the word of Yahweh from the mouth of Jeremiah,
Yahweh roused the spirit of Cyrus, king of Persia, and with a voice reaching across all his kingdom and even in writing, he made a pronouncement,
21323221.21 2.34 22.75 24.19 17.61 5.14 22.98 3.78And these are the children of the province who went up from the captivity, the exiled that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel had exiled to Babel,
and they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to its city.
3663200 2.26 20.66 9.65 12.07 12.52 26.40 16.44And at the touch of the seventh new moon and the children of Israel were in the cities,
the people gathered as one person at Jerusalem. S
4100127.9 1.80 22.28 9.19 12.39 10.89 32.17 10.39When the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard,
that the children of the exiled were building the temple to Yahweh the God of Israel,
5772232.2 4.53 19.95 10.62 11.79 7.51 31.61 11.79And the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied to the Judeans who were in Judea and in Jerusalem,
in the name of the God of Israel, to them. S
6961252.29 6.24 22.48 11.13 11.45 8.53 29.97 7.91Then Darius the king set a warrant,
and they enquired in the house of the records where the depositories were stowed in Babel.
71025281.76 2.24 20.29 10.34 14.05 7.12 34.05 10.15And after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes, king of Persia,
Ezra child of Saraiah, child of Azariah, child of Hilqiah,
8124427.8 3.14 20.58 15.27 16.56 11.98 24.20 7.48And these are the heads of their ancestors, and enrolled by genealogy,
who went up with me in the reign of Artaxerxes, the king, from Babel. S
9774221.68 3.23 20.54 9.30 11.63 9.17 31.52 12.92And as these were finished, the nobility came close to me, saying, The people of Israel and the priests and the Levites have not differentiated themselves from the people of the lands,
according to their abominations, of the Canaanites the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.
10123824.97 3.07 20.27 10.42 17.21 9.13 28.35 10.58And when Ezra had prayed and when he had given thanks, weeping, and falling down before the house of God,
from Israel, a very vast congregation was collected to him of men and women and juveniles, for the people wept, excessively weeping. S
Nehemiah
1523191.15 2.87 19.89 12.05 12.43 8.03 31.93 11.66The words of Nehemiah, child of Hikaliah,
and it happened in the new moon of Kislev, the twentieth year, and I, I was in Shushan, the temple precincts.
290332.78 1.55 18.83 8.64 12.29 11.63 35.88 10.41And it happened in the new moon of Nisan, the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king. Wine was in his presence.
And I lifted up the wine and I gave it to the king, and I had not been dejected in his presence.
31366242.56 3.59 17.42 10.54 13.40 8.78 34.04 9.66And Elyashib the great priest arose, and his kin the priests, and they built the sheep gate. They themselves sanctified it, and installed its portals.
To the tower of a Hundred they sanctified it, until the tower of Hananeel [the grace of God]. S
4662341.81 3.47 13.44 9.06 16.31 12.08 30.66 13.14And it happened that as Sanballet and Tobiah and the Arabians and the Ammonites, and those of Ashdod heard that the length of the walls of Jerusalem had come up, that the breaches were starting to be mended,
he was burning especially about them.
581327.86 4.31 18.57 12.79 13.53 9.47 29.52 10.95And there was a great outcry of the people and their wives,
to their kin, the Judeans.
6756231.32 3.84 21.16 11.38 12.17 8.60 25.13 16.40And it happened that as Sanballet and Tobiah, and Geshem the Arabian, and the rest of our enemies heard that I had built the wall, (and there was not a breach left in it,
but also until that time, I had not installed the portals in the gates),
71551241.42 2.32 20.50 21.79 16.51 6.06 24.63 6.77And it happened that as the wall was built and I had installed the gateways,
and had conscripted the gatekeepers and the singers and the Levites,
8875342.17 2.63 20.00 10.74 10.63 7.89 35.43 10.51And all the people gathered as one person at the plaza that is before the water gate,
and they said to Ezra the secretary to bring the record of the instruction of Moses which Yahweh commanded Israel.
91752372.23 3.37 19.24 10.39 11.82 10.50 31.45 11.02And on the twenty fourth day of this month, the children of Israel gathered with fasting, and in sackcloth, and debris from the ground upon them.
10922511.19 3.90 17.68 13.56 15.94 10.41 32.32 4.99And in all this, we were in league faithfully, and written,
and over the seal of our nobility, our Levites, our priests.
11946512.43 3.07 22.94 11.73 17.34 9.41 22.52 10.57So the nobles of the people settled in Jerusalem.
And the residue of the people, they let the dice fall to bring one in ten to settle in Jerusalem, the holy city, and nine, the protectors in the cities.
121328201.96 3.54 26.96 10.32 15.89 10.09 25.15 6.10And these are the priests and the Levites that went up with Zerubbabel, child of Shealtiel, and Jeshua,
Saraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,
131208292.65 5.71 17.05 10.02 14.65 9.52 29.55 10.84In that day they recited in the record of Moses in the ears of the people,
and it was found inscribed in it, that an Ammonite or a Moabite should not come into the congregation of God evermore.

Precious is the mortal more than pure gold

Is there anger in the love song? 

Yes, and plenty of it. Under the generic domain of wrath there are 5 stems that could be glossed as anger in some translations.

  • rage -- קצפ (qxp) 66 times in 62 vs. 
  • anger --  אפ (ap) 415 times in 397 vs -- but of these only about half are glossed as anger. The stem also is used for a particle, indeed, and for the body part, nose
  • burning -- חרה (krh) 146 times in 140 vs, used with אפ sometimes and sometimes without it but interpreted or glossed as if the stem for anger was present.
  • fury  -- עבר (ybr) 734 times in 645 vs but of these many more are glossed as cross over. Only 40 or so are about fury.
  • angry -- אנפ (anp) probably related to ap, 19 times in 19 vs.
I don't blame humans, let alone G-d for getting incensed at at the state of the world. 

For example, here's a statement against Babel - a whole chapter of the song, but I will only pick verses 9 to 13. They surround a verse that proclaims the mortal human is precious. Maybe that's why there is anger in the love song. 
Fury and fierce anger mark the bounds of these verses

9 Behold the day of Yahweh comes, vicious and furious and fierce anger,
to set the land desolate. And sinners he will exterminate from it.
ט הנ֤ה יום־יהוה֙ ב֔א אכזר֥י ועבר֖ה וחר֣ון א֑ף
לש֤ום הא֙רץ֙ לשמ֔ה וחטא֖יה ישמ֥יד ממֽנה
16
18
T hnh iom-ihvh ba aczri vybrh vkron af
lwum harx lwmh vkTaih iwmid mmnh
10 For the stars of the heavens and their follies will not boast their light.
The sun will be darkness in its going forth, and the moon will not illuminate its light.
י כֽי־כוכב֤י השמ֙ים֙ וכס֣יליה֔ם ל֥א יה֖לו אור֑ם
חש֤ך הש֙מש֙ בצאת֔ו ויר֖ח לֽא־יג֥יה אורֽו
16
17
i ci-cocbi hwmiim ucsilihm la ihlu aorm
kwç hwmw bxato virk la-igih aoro
11 And I will visit on the world its hurt, and on the wicked their iniquity,
and I will eradicate the pride of the presumptuous, and the pride of the ruthless I will abase.
יא ופקדת֤י על־תבל֙ רע֔ה ועל־רשע֖ים עונ֑ם
והשבתי֙ גא֣ון זד֔ים וגאו֥ת עריצ֖ים אשפֽיל
17
17
ia upqdti yl-tbl ryh vyl-rwyim yvonm
vhwbti gaon zdim vgavvt yrixim awpil
12 Precious is the mortal more than pure gold,
and the human than the finest gold of Ophir.
יב אוק֥יר אנ֖וש מפ֑ז
ואד֖ם מכ֥תם אופֽיר
6
8
ib aoqir anow mpz
vadm mctm aopir
13 Therefore I will make heavens shudder and will the earth quake from her place,
in the fury of Yahweh of hosts and in the day of his fierce anger.
יג על־כן֙ שמ֣ים ארג֔יז ותרע֥ש הא֖רץ ממקומ֑ה
בעברת֙ יהו֣ה צבא֔ות ובי֖ום חר֥ון אפֽו
15
14
ig yl-cn wmiim argiz vtryw harx mmqomh
bybrt ihvh xbaot ubiom kron apo

Other translations render visit as punish. But a visit of G-d should not be seen as negative. There are real consequences of our action or inaction, of course. If you look at that root pqd, visit, you can see it has a variety of possible glosses. Other translations interpret it as punish. I never do. 

I can certainly allow that it may be painful to our self-image to be corrected by God, but we should welcome such a visitation, because we may actually grow from it. The same life-giving spirit that broods over chaos can also give us life and get us to put aside our presumption and pride.

Friday 11 October 2024

The Five Scrolls

Note that every book in its own pdf is available from this post.
Chapter Syllables Max
Recit
c d e f g# A B C
Song
137318.54 .00 22.79 8.85 17.43 7.51 17.69 25.20The Song of Songs which is of Solomon.
242920.47 3.03 22.14 14.69 17.25 10.72 25.64 6.06I am the crocus of the plain, the lily of the valley.
3332131.2 3.61 22.29 9.64 15.96 10.54 25.60 11.14On my lying down in the nights I sought the one who is my love.
I sought him and did not find him.
4445110 1.35 8.99 11.01 21.57 10.11 23.82 23.15Just look at you, beautiful, my friend. Just look at you, beautiful, your eyes doves from within your headscarf,
your hair like a troop of she-goats curled up on the hillside of Gilead.
544417.9 .68 22.97 9.68 18.47 10.59 26.58 10.14I am come into my garden, my sister perfection. I have foraged my myrrh with my spice. I have eaten my forest with my honey. I have imbibed my wine with my milk.
Eat, friends, imbibe, and be intoxicated, beloved. S
6298110 .00 15.10 10.07 20.81 14.43 21.48 18.12Where has he gone, your beloved, O beautiful among women?
Where has he faced, your beloved, so we may seek him with you?
735519.85 3.10 26.48 9.86 20.85 6.76 23.38 8.73Return, return, she who has peace. Return, return, and we will gaze on you.
What will you gaze on in the one who has peace? A birth between two armies?
840620.49 3.45 21.43 14.53 16.01 8.62 22.41 13.05Who will give you as brother to me, as one who suckled the breasts of my mother.
I would find you outside. I would kiss you. Furthermore none would disdain me.
Ruth
175713.53 .66 13.87 11.89 14.80 10.57 26.42 21.27It was in the days of the judgment of the judges, and there was a famine in the land.
And there went a man from Bethlehem of Judah to reside in Sdeh-Moab, he, his wife, and his two sons.
2912161.21 2.19 20.83 14.04 14.14 11.51 22.26 13.82Now for Naomi there was an acquaintance of her man, a man of valour and ability from the family of Elimelek,
and his name was Boaz.
3586182.9 5.29 17.58 13.48 17.06 12.80 20.14 10.75And Naomi her mother-in-law said to her,
My daughter, do I not seek for you rest that it may be good for you?
4769242.47 3.25 22.11 9.75 13.91 7.28 26.66 14.56And Boaz ascended to the gate and sat there, and behold the redeemer passed by which Boaz spoke of, and he said, Turn aside, sit here. What a coincidence!
And he turned aside and sat down.
Lamentations
1 849 15 2 2.94 16.61 13.31 13.19 7.42 27.21 17.31 Ah in such solitude sits the city. Abundant with people she is as a widow.
Abundant from the nations, noble among the provinces, she is into forced service. S
2 889 17 .67 2.14 17.10 10.12 13.50 9.45 24.52 22.50 Ah, how my Lord has thickly clouded in his anger the daughter of Zion. He has cast down from heaven to earth the adornment of Israel,
and he has not remembered his footstool in the day of his anger. S
3 886 11 2.71 5.08 24.60 14.45 20.20 .45 8.47 24.04 Am I the one who prevails? He has seen poverty through the sceptre of his fury.
4 611 11 0 .98 13.58 6.71 19.80 13.26 20.95 24.71 Ah how gold is dimmed. The finest gold, the good is mutated.
The stones of the sanctuary are poured out at the top of every street. S
5 366 11 0 .00 27.60 12.84 18.03 .00 22.40 19.13 Remember Yahweh how it is for us. Take note and see our reproach.
Qohelet
148419.62 5.37 18.60 16.53 17.98 12.81 17.15 10.95Things declaimed by David's child, king in Jerusalem.
2871151.38 3.56 18.37 12.86 14.70 9.18 29.51 10.45I myself said in my heart, Go on please. I will spill out gladness and see into good.
And note well, even this is futility.
3597151.01 1.17 18.09 17.59 14.07 8.88 25.46 13.74To everything there is a season,
and a time for every delight under the heavens. P
4499142.2 5.41 19.64 17.03 15.03 8.02 24.85 7.82So I myself turned and I saw all the oppression that is done under the sun.
And note well the tears of the oppressed and there is not for them any comforter, and from the hand of their oppressors is power and there is not for them any comforter.
5590172.03 3.90 20.51 14.07 15.59 8.81 24.92 10.17Do not be brash with your mouth or do not let your heart rush headlong to bring something forth before the face of God,
for this God is in the heavens but you are on the earth therefore let your somethings be few.
6361230 5.82 18.28 16.07 15.24 10.80 28.81 4.99There is an evil that I have seen under the sun,
and frequent it is with the human.
7717131.53 3.07 14.50 16.32 19.53 10.32 24.55 10.18A good name may be compared with good oil,
and the day of death with the day of its birth.
8616241.14 3.57 22.40 11.69 13.31 7.31 27.92 12.66Who is as the shrewd and who knows the key to a word?
The shrewdness of a human enlightens its face and the strength of its face is transformed.
9702212.71 2.42 17.52 12.96 11.68 9.40 29.20 14.10Because all this I gave to my heart and to bore into all this, that the righteous and the shrewd and their service, are in the hand of this God.
Neither love nor hate does the human know of the whole of what is in their faces.
10464140 2.16 15.52 17.67 21.12 13.36 23.06 7.11A dead fly ferments a stink in perfumer's oil.
Rarely from shrewdness, from glory, is a little silliness.
11322161.55 3.42 14.91 21.74 14.91 9.63 27.64 6.21Send your bread on the face of the waters,
for in many days you will find it.
12448141.34 1.56 14.73 10.49 18.30 10.94 24.55 18.08Remember your creator in the days of your prime,
while have not yet come the days of evil or years touch that you say, There is no delight in them for me.
Esther
1886281.24 2.14 16.37 9.59 12.75 8.13 34.65 15.12And it was in the days of Ahasuerus,
(this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India to Cush, one hundred and twenty seven provinces),
21029212.43 3.98 17.88 10.50 11.18 8.45 29.25 16.33Following these words, the heat of the king Ahasuerus having subsided,
he remembered Vashti and what she had done, and what was adjudicated against her.
3727331.65 4.68 14.99 10.18 11.14 11.69 33.70 11.97After these things the king Ahasuerus promoted Haman child of Hammedatha the Agagite and lifted him up.
And set his throne above all the nobility that were with him.
466321.45 3.47 23.08 10.26 12.22 7.84 28.81 13.88And Mordecai knew all that was done and Mordecai ripped his garments, and he clothed himself with sackcloth and ashes,
and came forth into the midst of the city and he appealed an appeal, great and bitter.
5609211.31 3.61 16.26 9.85 12.64 12.97 30.38 12.97And it was on the third day and Esther clothed herself with royalty, and she stood in the court of the house of the king, the presence opposite the house of the king.
And the king sat on the throne of his kingdom in the house of the royal estates opposite the door of the house.
662727.48 1.44 15.47 10.05 11.80 12.12 30.46 18.18In that night, sleep fled the king,
and he said to bring the record of the memorials of the words of the days, and they were recited in the presence of the king.
7448311.56 4.24 14.06 8.48 13.17 8.71 34.60 15.18And the king and Haman came to imbibe with Esther the queen.
886832.92 1.96 20.74 5.88 10.83 8.06 35.25 16.36In that day the king Ahasuerus gave to Esther the queen, the house of Haman, the adversary of the Judeans.
And Mordecai came in the presence of the king, for Esther had made clear who he was to her.
91314372.36 3.73 19.41 10.12 11.95 9.59 32.42 10.43And in the twelfth new moon (this is the month of Adar) on its thirteenth day, that the word of the king and the dictate touched that it should be done,
in the day that the enemies of the Judeans relied on having authority among them, (but it was overturned such that the Judeans had authority among those hating them),
1011424.88 2.63 14.04 14.04 12.28 5.26 47.37 3.51So the king Ahasuerus set in place taxation over the earth and the islands of the sea.