Redemption #Messiah texts Job 19:25–26; Psalm 49:8, Isaiah 25:8, Hosea 13:14 #Psalter

After this verse from Job 19, the remainder of the texts for Part III of Messiah are from the New Testament (1 Corinthians 15 and Romans 8). The beginning of redemption occurs on a rare day! (Feb 29, 2024) Gives much joy whatever the stresses are in our lives.

I am reminded of Psalm 49:8 -- we can't find an adequate cover-price for ourselves.

אָ֗ח לֹא־פָדֹ֣ה יִפְדֶּ֣ה אִ֑ישׁ לֹא־יִתֵּ֖ן לֵאלֹהִ֣ים כָּפְרֽוֹ		8 ♪~ A sibling's ransom can no one of you ransom, nor give to God the cover-price.
k ak la-pdh ipdh aiw la-iitn lalohim copro	6 7	ak la pdh i/pdh aiw la i/tn l/alh\im cpr\v

Psalm 49:8

There is much to do to dig out the allusions to the Hebrew / LXX Scriptures in the NT texts. For now, I have only a few.

45. Air (soprano) – I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: And though worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God.

Job 19:25–26

וַאֲנִ֣י יָ֭דַעְתִּי גֹּ֣אֲלִי חָ֑י וְ֝אַחֲר֗וֹן עַל־עָפָ֥ר יָקֽוּם		25 And I, I know my redeemer is living, and after, over dust he will arise.
ch vani idyti goali ki vakron yl-ypr iqum	9 9	v/ani idy\ti gal\i ki v/akr\vn yl ypr i/qvm
וְאַחַ֣ר ע֭וֹרִֽי נִקְּפוּ־זֹ֑את וּ֝מִבְּשָׂרִ֗י אֶֽחֱזֶ֥ה אֱלֽוֹהַּ		26 And after, this my naked skin struck off, so from my flesh I will gaze on God.
cv vakr yori niqpu-zat umbwri akzh aloh	8 10	v/akr yvr\i nqp\v zat vm/bwr\i a/kzh alvh

45. continued: For now is Christ risen from the dead, the first fruits of them that sleep. (1 Corinthians 15:20)

That phrase first fruits, so thoroughly grounded in Tanach, could have us carry on for another month. ChatGPT summarizes: "Paul's reference to Jesus as the "first fruits" in 1 Corinthians 15:20 draws upon the imagery and symbolism of Jewish sacrificial practices to underscore the significance of Jesus' resurrection in the context of Christian eschatology. Jesus is the inaugural participant in the resurrection, paving the way for the future resurrection of all believers and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan."

Just a bit of the music of the 'first fruits' . A study in Torah is required.

Leviticus 23:10

46. Chorus – Since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. (1 Corinthians 15:21–22)

47. Accompagnato (bass) – Behold, I tell you a mystery; we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet: (1 Corinthians 15:51–52)

48. Air (bass) – The trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. (1 Corinthians 15:52–53). Perhaps we could trace the music of the trumpet and the shofar for this image. 

Joel 2:1

תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר בְּצִיּ֗וֹן וְהָרִ֙יעוּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י יִרְגְּז֕וּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בָ֥א יוֹם־יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֥י קָרֽוֹב		1 Sound a shophar in Zion and raise a shout on my holy hill. Let all inhabitants of the land shudder, for the day of Yahweh comes, for it is near.
a tqyu wopr bxion vhriyu bhr qodwi irgzu col iowbi harx ci-ba iom-ihvh ci qrob	24 7	tqy\v wvpr b/xivn vh/riy\v b/hr qdw\i i/rgz\v cl iwb\i h/arx ci ba ivm ihvh ci qrb

49. Recitative (mezzo-soprano) – Then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written: Death is swallowed up in victory. (1 Corinthians 15:54) 

Isaiah 25:8

בִּלַּ֤ע הַמָּ֙וֶת֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וּמָחָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה דִּמְעָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל כָּל־פָּנִ֑ים וְחֶרְפַּ֣ת עַמּ֗וֹ יָסִיר֙ מֵעַ֣ל כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר פ		8 He will swallow up death in perpetuity, my Lord Yahweh will wipe away tears from every face. And the reproach of his people he will put aside from all the earth, for Yahweh has spoken.
k bily hmvvt lnxk umkh adonii ihvh dmyh myl cl-pnim vkrpt ymo isir myl cl-harx ci ihvh dibr p	23 19	bly h/mvt l/nxk v/mkh adn\i ihvh dmy\h m/yl cl pn\im v/krp\t ym\v i/sr m/yl cl h/arx ci ihvh dbr

50. Duet (mezzo-soprano/tenor) – O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law. (1 Corinthians 15:55–56)

מִיַּ֤ד שְׁאוֹל֙ אֶפְדֵּ֔ם מִמָּ֖וֶת אֶגְאָלֵ֑ם אֱהִ֨י דְבָרֶיךָ֜ מָ֗וֶת אֱהִ֤י קָֽטָבְךָ֙ שְׁא֔וֹל נֹ֖חַם יִסָּתֵ֥ר מֵעֵינָֽי		14 From the hand of the grave I will ransom them. From death I will redeem them. Where is your pestilence, Death? Where your canker, Grave? Comfort will be hidden from my eyes.
id mid waol apdm mmvvt agalm ahi dbriç mvvt ahi qo'tbç waol nokm iistr myinii	12 23	m/id wavl a/pd\m m/mvt a/gal\m ahi dbr\ic mvt ahi q'tb\c wavl nkm i/str m/yin\i

Hosea 13:14

Comfort is rendered repentance in some translations. This rendering of nkm is with a gloss I don't use. In tradition, repentance for the most part is used as a gloss for wvb, turn, return, et alia, and for God with nkm, comfort, sigh, et alia.

51. Mar 19 Chorus – But thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. (1 Corinthians 15:57)

52. Air (soprano) – If God be for us, who can be against us? (Romans 8: 31); Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God’s elect? It is God that justifieth. Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is at the right hand of God, who makes intercession for us. (Romans 8:33–34)

53. Chorus – Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, and hath redeemed us to God by his blood, to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing. Blessing, and honour, glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. (Revelation 5:12–14) Amen.

This text came up in a prison study on the experimental theology site a few weeks ago. Who is it that sits on the throne? Perhaps this is a reference to Psalm 47:9. Verse 10 is good to remember in these days of war.

מָלַ֣ךְ אֱ֭לֹהִים עַל־גּוֹיִ֑ם אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים יָשַׁ֤ב ׀ עַל־כִּסֵּ֬א קָדְשֽׁוֹ		9 Reigns God over nations. God sits on his holy throne.
't mlç alohim yl-goiim alohim iwb yl-cisa qodwo	8 10	mlc alh\im yl gvi\m alh\im iwb yl csa qdw\v
נְדִ֘יבֵ֤י עַמִּ֨ים ׀ נֶאֱסָ֗פוּ עַם֮ אֱלֹהֵ֪י אַבְרָ֫הָ֥ם כִּ֣י לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים מָֽגִנֵּי־אֶ֗רֶץ מְאֹ֣ד נַעֲלָֽה		10 The princes of the peoples are gathered, the people of the God of Abraham, for to God belong the shields of earth, supremacy ascended.
i ndibi ymim naspu ym alohi abrhm ci lalohim mgini-arx maod nylh	16 13	ndb\i ym\im n/asp\v ym alh\i abrhm ci l/alh\im mgn\i arx mad n/ylh

Psalm 47:9

Vengeance #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 2:9

43. Air (Tenor) – Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel. 

Psalm 2:9

תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם		9 ♪g You will injure them with an iron sceptre. Like fashioned vessels, you will smash them.
't troym bwb't brzl ccli ioxr tnpxm	8 7	t/ry\m b/wb't brzl c/cli iv/xr t/npx\m

44. Chorus – Hallelujah: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. (Revelation 19:6); The kingdom of this world is become the kingdom of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever. (Revelation 11:15); King of Kings, and Lord of Lords. (Revelation 19:16) Hallelujah!

Hallelujah is a frequent word in the fourth and fifth books of the Psalms -- occurring 24 times. The theme of the reign of Yahweh is equally important in the psalms. 

Ridicule #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 2:4

42. Recitative (Tenor) – He that dwelleth in heaven shall laugh them to scorn: the Lord shall have them in derision.

Psalm 2:4

יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י יִלְעַג־לָֽמוֹ		4 The one sitting in the heavens, he laughs. My Lord derides them.
d iowb bwmiim iwkq adonii ilyg-lmo	7 7	iv/wb b/wmim i/wkq adn\i i/lyg l\mv

There are 79 other verses in the Poetry books that share this musical shape. 48 verses in the Psalms, 14 in Proverbs and 19 in Job. E.g. psalm 2:11 - such repeated musical lines may assist in defining the structure of a poem. Interesting that in this case, the B (Munah is the name of this accent) is always repeated. The musical phrase is always e B B ^A ger-rev,e and never e B ^A ger-rev,e. e B B ^A sounds similar to e B ^A, but this beginning to a verse only occurs twice. The accents play two roles. They define the reciting note or the ornament, and they show accentuation in the text. So sometimes the same accent defining the same reciting note will repeat. This particular phrase cannot occur anywhere in the prose books. It contains an accent pair (revia-mugrash - abbreviated in my data as ger-rev) that occurs only in the three poetry sections: Psalms, Proverbs, and the speeches of Job excluding the opening and closing sections, and the narrator's individual verses which are all written with the prose accents.

I wonder if these provide clues to structure or authorship? They are all similar with respect to rhythm, and relative poetic shortness of line, but they are not of equal syllable counts. The counts I see in the Psalms are between 14 and 17.

Rebellion #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 2:3

 41. Chorus – Let us break their bonds asunder, and cast away their yokes from us. 

Psalm 2:3

נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑ימוֹ וְנַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽימוֹ		3 ♪g Let us snap their bonds, and kiss good-bye to their cords.
g nntqh at-mosrotimo vnwlich mmnu ybotimo	8 11	n/ntq\h at mv/sr\vtimv vn/wlc\h m/mn\v ybt\imv

The musical phrase is unique, occurring only once in Tanach. It is connected to the prior verse and is devoid of ornamentation. You could easily make a fugue subject from it.

Fury #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 2:1–2

40. Air (bass) – Why do the nations so furiously rage together: and why do the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the earth rise up, and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord, and against his Anointed. 

Psalm 2:1–2

לָ֭מָּה רָגְשׁ֣וּ גוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים יֶהְגּוּ־רִֽיק		1 ♪g Why such a throng of nations? and tribes in empty muttering?
a lmh rgwu goiim ulaumim ihgu-riq	6 6	lmh rgw\v gvi\m v/lam\im ih/g\v riq
יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְרוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד עַל־יְ֝הוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֽוֹ		2 ♪f They station themselves, these sovereigns of earth, these rule-makers reasoning as one, over Yahweh and over his anointed:
b itiixbu mlci-arx vroznim nosdu-ikd yl-ihvh vyl-mwiko	12 8	it/ixb\v mlc\i arx v/rvzn\im nv/sd\v ikd yl ihvh v/yl mwk\v

The psalm continues on from psalm 1. The music shows it by beginning on a note other than the tonic. Seventy-five verses in the poetry books have this form. Verse 2 continues verse 1. Its musical shape is unique. There are a number of repeated phrase shapes in this psalm. No one has yet performed it with the music of the deciphering key. 

Universal #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 19:5

39. Chorus – Their sound is gone out into all lands, and their words unto the ends of the world. 

Psalm 19:5 (Romans 10:18)

בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ יָ֘צָ֤א קַוָּ֗ם וּבִקְצֵ֣ה תֵ֭בֵל מִלֵּיהֶ֑ם לַ֝שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שָֽׂם־אֹ֥הֶל בָּהֶֽם		5 In all the earth their line has gone out, and to the extremity of the world their speech. For the sun he pitched a tent in them.
h bcl-harx ixa qvvm ubqxh tbl milihm lwmw wm-aohl bhm	17 8	b/cl h/arx ixa qv\m vb/qxh tbl ml\ihm l/wmw wm ahl b/hm

This poem from the Velveteen Rabbi illustrates how the heavens declare and proclaim the glory of God.

Beauty #Messiah texts Isaiah 52:7

38. Air (soprano) – How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things! 

Isaiah 52:7 (Romans 10:15)

מַה־נָּאו֨וּ עַל־הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֣י מְבַשֵּׂ֗ר מַשְׁמִ֧יעַ שָׁל֛וֹם מְבַשֵּׂ֥ר ט֖וֹב מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ יְשׁוּעָ֑ה אֹמֵ֥ר לְצִיּ֖וֹן מָלַ֥ךְ אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ		7 How lovely on the hills are the feet of one who publishes, broadcasting peace, one who publishes good, broadcasting salvation, saying to Zion, your God reigns.
z mh-navu yl-hhrim rgli mbwr mwmiy wlom mbwr 'tob mwmiy iwuyh aomr lxion mlç alohiiç	27 11	mh na\vv yl h/hr\im rgl\i m/bwr m/wmy wlvm m/bwr 'tvb m/wmy iwvy\h amr l/xivn mlc alh\ic

Room with a View opens on an Italian hillside with the protagonist shouting 'Beauty' from the hills. What we are should be so attractive.

Proclamation #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 68:12 [11]

37. Chorus – The Lord gave the word: great was the company of the preachers. 

Psalm 68:12 [11]

אֲדֹנָ֥י יִתֶּן־אֹ֑מֶר הַֽ֝מְבַשְּׂר֗וֹת צָבָ֥א רָֽב		12 My Lord gave a promise. The women publishing are an abundant host.
ib adonii iitn-aomr hmbwrot xba rb	7 6	adn\i i/tn amr hm/bwr\vt xba rb

Preachers is a defective translation -- the form is feminine plural. No males included. My escape is to identify with the female in the Song of Songs.

Ascension #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 2:7, 68:19, 97:7

34. Recitative (tenor) – Unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee?

Psalm 2:7 cited in Hebrews 1:5

אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה אֶֽ֫ל־חֹ֥ק יְֽהוָ֗ה אָמַ֘ר אֵלַ֥י בְּנִ֥י אַ֑תָּה אֲ֝נִ֗י הַיּ֥וֹם יְלִדְתִּֽיךָ		7 [I will recount the decree. Yahweh promised to me: ] You are my son. I myself this day gave birth to you.
z asprh al-koq ihvh amr alii bni ath ani hiom ildtiç	5 10 8	a/spr\h al kq ihvh amr al\i bn\i ath ani h/ivm ild\tic

Note the tri-colon, with the initial pause on the second degree of the scale (f#) at the beginning of the second bar.

35. Chorus – Let all the angels of God worship him. 

Psalm 97:7 -- perhaps a source for Hebrews 1:6

יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ ׀ כָּל־עֹ֬בְדֵי פֶ֗סֶל הַמִּֽתְהַלְלִ֥ים בָּאֱלִילִ֑ים הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֝וֹ כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים		7 [All servants of a graven image will be ashamed, boasting in the good for nothing.] Worship him all gods.
z ibowu cl-yobdi psl hmthllim balilim hwtkvu-lo cl-alohim	16 8	i/bw\v cl ybd\i psl hmt/hll\im b/alil\im h/wk\vv l\v cl alh\im

Possibly -- but via a series of associations -- an allusion to the invitation to nations in the Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32:43). The angels (gods) worship from a restful subdominant.

36. Air (mezzo-soprano) – Thou art gone up on high; thou hast led captivity captive, and received gifts for men: yea, even for thine enemies, that the Lord God might dwell among them. 

Psalm 68:19 [18] (Ephesians 4:8)

עָ֘לִ֤יתָ לַמָּר֨וֹם ׀ שָׁ֘בִ֤יתָ שֶּׁ֗בִי לָקַ֣חְתָּ מַ֭תָּנוֹת בָּאָדָ֑ם וְאַ֥ף ס֝וֹרְרִ֗ים לִשְׁכֹּ֤ן ׀ יָ֬הּ אֱלֹהִֽים		19 ♪~ You have ascended on high. Captives you have captured. You have received endowments for humanity, and also the rebellious in the dwelling of Yah, God.
i't ylit lmrom wbit wbi lqkt mtnot badm vaf sorrim lwcon ih alohim	20 10	yl\it lm/rvm wb\it wb\i lqk\t mtn\vt b/adm v/ap svrr\im l/wcn ih alh\im

The punctuated ornament on the high C is not infrequent in a musical phrase. This one set in a major-minor mode highlights rebellion in the dwelling of God.

Entry #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 24:7–10

33. Chorus – Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. Who is this King of glory? The Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle. 

Psalm 24:7–10

שְׂא֤וּ שְׁעָרִ֨ים ׀ רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וְֽ֭הִנָּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵ֣י עוֹלָ֑ם וְ֝יָב֗וֹא מֶ֣לֶךְ הַכָּבֽוֹד		7 Lift up, O gates, your heads, and be lifted up, O doors everlasting, and the king of glory will come in.
z wau wyrim rawicm vhinwau ptki yolm viboa mlç hcbod	16 8	wa\v wyr\im raw\icm vh/nwa\v ptk\i yvlm vi/bva mlc h/cbd
מִ֥י זֶה֮ מֶ֤לֶךְ הַכָּ֫ב֥וֹד יְ֭הוָה עִזּ֣וּז וְגִבּ֑וֹר יְ֝הוָ֗ה גִּבּ֥וֹר מִלְחָמָֽה		8 ♪f Who is this? The king of glory, Yahweh strong and prevailing, Yahweh prevailing in battle.
k mi zh mlç hcbod ihvh yizuz vgibor ihvh gibor mlkmh	7 7 7	mi zh mlc h/cbd ihvh yzz v/gbr ihvh gbr m/lkm\h
שְׂא֤וּ שְׁעָרִ֨ים ׀ רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וּ֭שְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵ֣י עוֹלָ֑ם וְ֝יָבֹא מֶ֣לֶךְ הַכָּבֽוֹד		9 Lift up, O gates, your heads, and lift up, doors everlasting, and the king of glory will come in.
't wau wyrim rawicm uwau ptki yolm viboa mlç hcbod	14 8	wa\v wyr\im raw\icm v/wa\v ptk\i yvlm vi/ba mlc h/cbd
מִ֤י ה֣וּא זֶה֮ מֶ֤לֶךְ הַכָּ֫ב֥וֹד יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֑וֹת ה֤וּא מֶ֖לֶךְ הַכָּב֣וֹד סֶֽלָה		10 ♪C Who is he? This king of glory, Yahweh of hosts. He is the king of glory. Selah.
i mi hua zh mlç hcbod ihvh xbaot hua mlç hcbod slh	8 5 8	mi hva zh mlc h/cbd ihvh xba\vt hva mlc h/cbd slh

Where will the king of glory enter? The psalm is relating to the temple, perhaps, but the context within Messiah implies that the king is coming to his own people.

 

Not forsaken #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 16:10

32. Air (tenor) – But thou didst not leave his soul in hell; nor didst thou suffer thy Holy One to see corruption.

Psalm 16:10

כִּ֤י ׀ לֹא־תַעֲזֹ֣ב נַפְשִׁ֣י לִשְׁא֑וֹל לֹֽא־תִתֵּ֥ן חֲ֝סִידְךָ֗ לִרְא֥וֹת שָֽׁחַת		10 ♪C For you will not forsake me to the grave. You will not permit one within your mercy to see destruction.
i ci la-tyzob npwi lwaol la-titn ksidç lraot wkt	8 9	ci la t/yzb npw\i l/wavl la tt\n ksid\c l/ra\vt wkt

Notice that this is a wholly negative verse. It does not speak directly to deliverance. The play of the stem ksd/ksid is to be studied - just what is this characteristic of reality that we slowly learn and how does it affect our ability to govern ourselves singly and together?

Disconnection #Messiah texts Isaiah 53:8 #Psalter

31. Accompagnato (tenor) – He was cut off out the land of the living: for the transgressions of thy people was he stricken.

Isaiah 53:8

מֵעֹ֤צֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט֙ לֻקָּ֔ח וְאֶת־דּוֹר֖וֹ מִ֣י יְשׂוֹחֵ֑חַ כִּ֤י נִגְזַר֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים מִפֶּ֥שַׁע עַמִּ֖י נֶ֥גַע לָֽמוֹ		8 From coercion and from judgment he is taken, and who will ponder his generation? Because he was disconnected from the land of the living, from the transgressions of my people, their contagion.
k myoxr ummwp't luqk vat-doro mi iwokk ci ngzr marx kiim mpwy ymi ngy lmo	18 17	m/yxr vmm/wp't lqk v/at dvr\v mi i/wvk\k ci n/gzr m/arx ki\im m/pwy ym\i ngy l\mv

Here is the verse that gives rise to the phrase, that takes away the sin of the world and variations on this thought. See the prior post on the Lamb of God and the final post on part III for other New Testament developments on this theme. I think our choice, regardless of what we say we believe, is to chose to participate in the taking away rather than the piling on of that same sin.

Is it my or thy? It's not a matter of blame or punishment, just so you know. It's a matter of choice where possible and working out the difficulty of justice and kindness. It applies equally to family matters, city bylaws, cooperation with various levels of government, and such moral principles as are commanded and promised in the tables of the law.

I say 'where possible' because for some humans, such a choice is precluded when there is inter-generational trauma and / or damage to the brain from whatever cause. The choices are not easy even for those who are whole and in good health, because self-interest has to play second fiddle sometimes, and we're not always good members of a quartet. This thought is behind my translation of Psalm 15, verse 4 noted in this series here. 

Sorrow #Messiah texts Lamentations 1:12

30. Arioso (tenor) – Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto his sorrow.

Lamentations 1:12

 

ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֗וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ ס		12 ♪B Look now, (Is it not for you, all you passing this way?) and see if there is sorrow like my sorrow which is prodigal as mine, with which Yahweh saddened in the day of his fierce anger.
ib la alicm cl-yobri drç hbi'tu urau am-iw mcaob cmcaobi awr yoll li awr hogh ihvh biom kron apo s	27 13	lva al\icm cl ybr\i drc h/b't\v v/ra\v am iw m/cab cm/cab\i awr yvll l\i awr hv/gh ihvh b/ivm kr\vn ap\v

In setting Lamentations, I only got as far as verse 4. I love the opening phrase - so utterly simple and poignant. Verse 12 sounds the same solemn proclamatory note on the dominant. You can't make this up. The fact is that the mapping of the te'amim under the text to a modal scale of reciting notes is a brilliant understanding of the ancient design of the music. If it weren't intended, Haïk-Vantoura would not have found it. It is not a subjective move on her part. Sometimes I wonder if musicologists are really musicians.

 

Alone #Messiah texts #Psalter Psalm 69:21 [20]

29. Accompagnato (tenor) – Thy rebuke hath broken his heart; he is full of heaviness. He looked for some to have pity on him, but there was no man, neither found he any to comfort him.

Psalm 69:21 [20]

חֶרְפָּ֤ה ׀ שָֽׁבְרָ֥ה לִבִּ֗י וָֽאָ֫נ֥וּשָׁה וָאֲקַוֶּ֣ה לָנ֣וּד וָאַ֑יִן וְ֝לַמְנַחֲמִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א מָצָֽאתִי		21 Reproach has broken my heart and I am despondent. And I waited for sympathy but there was none, and for comforters but I did not find any.
ca krph wbrh libi vanuwh vaqvvh lnud vain vlmnkmim vla mxati	10 8 10	krp\h wbr\h lb\i va/nvw\h va/qvh l/nvd v/ain vlm/nkm\im v/la mxa\ti

 Despondent, nvw is a hapax. The music for this verse is also unique.

Contagion #Messiah texts Isaiah 53:4-6

24. Chorus – Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him.

אָכֵ֤ן חֳלָיֵ֙נוּ֙ ה֣וּא נָשָׂ֔א וּמַכְאֹבֵ֖ינוּ סְבָלָ֑ם וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ חֲשַׁבְנֻ֔הוּ נָג֛וּעַ מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּמְעֻנֶּֽה		4 Nevertheless our illnesses he himself bore and the burden of our sorrows he carries. And we ourselves consider him contagion, struck by God, answered.
d acn koliinu hua nwa umcaobinu sblm vanknu kwbnuhu nguy much alohim umyunh	17 19	acn kl\inv hva nwa vm/cab\inv sbl\m v/anknv kwb\nhv ngy m/ch alh\im vm/ynh
וְהוּא֙ מְחֹלָ֣ל מִפְּשָׁעֵ֔נוּ מְדֻכָּ֖א מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵ֑ינוּ מוּסַ֤ר שְׁלוֹמֵ֙נוּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבַחֲבֻרָת֖וֹ נִרְפָּא־לָֽנוּ		5 But he was profaned for our transgressions, crushed for our iniquities. The chastening of our wholeness is on him, and in his stripes is our healing.
h vhua mkoll mpwyinu mduca myvonotinu musr wlomnu yliv ubkburto nrpa-lnu	18 18	v/hva m/kll m/pwy\nv m/dca m/yvn\tinv mv/sr wlvm\nv yl\iv vb/kbr\tv n/rpa l\nv

Isaiah 53:4

25. Chorus – And with his stripes we are healed.

Isaiah 53:5

26. Chorus – All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.

כֻּלָּ֙נוּ֙ כַּצֹּ֣אן תָּעִ֔ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכּ֖וֹ פָּנִ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָה֙ הִפְגִּ֣יעַ בּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת עֲוֺ֥ן כֻּלָּֽנוּ		6 All we like sheep have wandered, each facing its own way, and Yahweh has compelled into him the iniquity of us all.
v culnu cxan tyinu aiw ldrco pninu vihvh hpgiy bo at yvon culnu	15 12	cl\nv c/xan ty\inv aiw l/drc\v pn\inv v/ihvh h/pgy b\v at yvn cl\nv

Isaiah 53:6

Each of the sequences of accents is unique. Of the 23,197 verses in Tanach, 14,790 have unique sequences for their music.

The Lamb of God #Messiah Texts Isaiah 53:3, 50:6

22. Chorus – Behold the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world. (John 1:29)
Where are the antecedents to this verse in Tanach? We will see one of them in a few days.

23. Air (mezzo-soprano) – He was despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief.

נִבְזֶה֙ וַחֲדַ֣ל אִישִׁ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ מַכְאֹב֖וֹת וִיד֣וּעַ חֹ֑לִי וּכְמַסְתֵּ֤ר פָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ נִבְזֶ֖ה וְלֹ֥א חֲשַׁבְנֻֽהוּ		3 He is despised and set aside by everyone, a sorrowful person, one who knows illness, like someone from whom we would hide our faces. He is despised and we did not consider him.
g nbzh vkdl aiwim aiw mcaobot viduy koli ucmstr pnim mmnu nbzh vla kwbnuhu	16 16	n/bzh v/kdl aiw\im aiw m/cab\vt v/idy kl\i vcm/str pn\im m/mn\v n/bzh v/la kwb\nhv

Isaiah 53:3 - a unique sequence of accents

He gave his back to the smiters, and his cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: he hid not his face from shame and spitting. 

גֵּוִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְמַכִּ֔ים וּלְחָיַ֖י לְמֹֽרְטִ֑ים פָּנַי֙ לֹ֣א הִסְתַּ֔רְתִּי מִכְּלִמּ֖וֹת וָרֹֽק		6 My body I have given to those who strike, and my cheeks to those who pare. My face I did not hide from humiliation and spitting.
v gvvi ntti lmcim ulkii lmor'tim pnii la hstrti mclimot vroq	14 11	gv\i nt\ti lm/c\im v/lki\i l/mr't\im pn\i la h/str\ti m/clm\vt v/rq

Isaiah 50:6

Ezekiel 7:24 has an identical sequence of accents.

Ezekiel 7:24

וְהֵֽבֵאתִי֙ רָעֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם וְיָרְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן עַזִּ֔ים וְנִחֲל֖וּ מְקַֽדְשֵׁיהֶֽם		24 And I will bring the evils of nations and they will possess their houses, and I will eradicate the pride of the strong and their holy things will be profaned.
cd vhbati ryi goiim virwu at-btihm vhwbti gaon yzim vniklu mqdwihm	15 16	vh/ba\ti ry\i gvi\m v/irw\v at bt\ihm vh/wbt\i ga\vn yz\im vn/kl\v m/qdw\ihm

Shepherd again #Messiah texts Isaiah 40:11

20. Duet (mezzo-soprano/soprano) – He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: and he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and gently lead those that are with young.

כְּרֹעֶה֙ עֶדְר֣וֹ יִרְעֶ֔ה בִּזְרֹעוֹ֙ יְקַבֵּ֣ץ טְלָאִ֔ים וּבְחֵיק֖וֹ יִשָּׂ֑א עָל֖וֹת יְנַהֵֽל ס		11 As a shepherd, his troop he will tend. In his arm, he will collect the patchwork and in his embrace lift it up. Infants, he will refresh.
ia croyh ydro iryh bzroyo iqbx 'tlaim ubkiqo iiwa ylot inhl s	21 6	c/ryh ydr\v i/ryh b/zry\v i/qbx 'tla\im vb/kiq\v i/wa yl\vt i/nhl

Isaiah 40:11

These verses are the waters breaking out in the wilderness (see previous post). I imagine that the first audiences would have known the unstated verses and many verses from memory. Note that shepherd and tend are the same word in Hebrew. Perhaps for the sake of the repeated sounds, I should have translated the verb as shepherd also. Patchwork ('tla)- occurs 9 times in the Tanach. 

Come unto him, all ye that labour, come unto him, that are heavy laden, and he will give you rest. Take his yoke upon you, and learn of him; for he is meek and lowly of heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls. (Matthew 11:28–29).

21. Chorus – His yoke is easy, and his burthen is light. (Matthew 11:30).

These verses from Matthew 11 are all modified to third person singular from first person singular. 

I asked ChatGPT again! And I might just have to stop thinking. My AI companion is better than many of my teachers! 

Me: I asked a difficult question and you hung up - crashed. Remember that we were discussing Messiah texts from Handel and the librettist Jennens. What about the Old Testament roots for Matthew 11:30. My question was: Where does Jesus get the idea that his yoke is easy and his burden is light?

Probably it was a technical glitch - And I threw the question in without a preamble or refreshing the page after a day's delay. Anyway here's the gist of answer.

ChatGPT: I apologize if there was any confusion or technical issue earlier. Let's delve into your question about the Old Testament roots for Matthew 11:30, where Jesus mentions that his yoke is easy and his burden is light.

In Matthew 11:28-30 (NIV), Jesus says: "Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light."

The concept of a yoke being easy and a burden being light has roots in the Old Testament, specifically in the context of the Torah and the teachings of God. In the Old Testament, the yoke often symbolizes the laws, commandments, and teachings of God. Let's explore a few passages that might shed light on this concept:

• Deuteronomy 30:11-16 (NIV): This passage emphasizes the accessibility of God's commands, contrasting them with a heavy burden. It says, "Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach."
• Psalm 119:105 (NIV): "Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path." The Psalmist expresses the idea that God's guidance is illuminating and not burdensome.
• Jeremiah 6:16 (NIV): "This is what the LORD says: 'Stand at the crossroads and look; ask for the ancient paths, ask where the good way is, and walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls.'" This verse suggests finding rest by following God's ways.

I wouldn't use NIV but the sense seems good here. And the connections to the mind of Jesus are not implausible. My translations are as you would expect quite different. Here they are stand alone -- without Hebrew to help the process.

Deuteronomy 30:11

For this commandment which I am commanding you today,

is not too wonderful itself for you, nor is it distant.

Psalm 119:105 - part of the N section of the acrostic.

Nigh a lamp to my feet is your word,

and light to my pathway.

And Jeremiah, 

Thus says Yahweh, Stand over trodden ways, and see, and beg for everlasting pathways. Where is this good way? And walk in it and you will find a moment of ease for your group.

And they say, We will not go.

Notice that I used group for npw. I avoided the word soul throughout my translation. Note that NIV makes the word plural - but it is not plural. The pronoun is plural but the npw (nephesh) is singular. The verse is connected to the prior verse and the music is elaborate with ornamentation. I can't deprive you of the music.

Jeremiah 6:16 - singular soul for a plural company

Jeremiah's rest for the plural 'you' occurs on the rest note -- the subdominant -- note how far along in the verse it is. This raises for me the question as to whom Jesus words are addressed. It is not perhaps to the individual but to the corporate group as a whole. This good way must be a shared governance - not just another individual benefit. You see why I did not want to use that word soul.

All the music is available. It's quite possible to learn to sight read it. 

Eyes and Ears #Messiah texts Isaiah 35:5–6

19. Recitative (mezzo-soprano) – Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears of the deaf unstopped. Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb shall sing. 

 

Isaiah 35:5–6

Ear (azn) and eye (yin) are used 8 times together in Isaiah's verses. He emphasizes the senses from the beginning (chapter 6) to the middle here and to the end (chapter 64). I'm sorry that Handel didn't indulge in the last part of the verse and give us the music of the waters in the wilderness. Perhaps if he could have heard the future, Handel would have enjoyed the work of the 19th century S.S. Wesley on these words.

As the Hebrew az (then) begins the sentence, so in this case the music starts on other than the tonic, explicitly connecting this passage with the prior verse. We should inquire as to what went before: If you read chapter 35:4, you will find encouragement to persevere and the coming of vengeance. I am struck by how often vengeance has popped up in my reading of the scriptures these days. Remember Deuteronomy 32, the Song of Moses and how we ended up with vengeance on Christmas Day. Blood and vengeance are in chapters 34 and 35 of Isaiah.

אָ֥ז תִּפָּקַ֖חְנָה עֵינֵ֣י עִוְרִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י חֵרְשִׁ֖ים תִּפָּתַֽחְנָה		5 ♪f Then the eyes of the blind will receive sight, and the ears of the deaf will be opened.
h az tipqknh yini yivvrim vaozni kirwim tiptknh	9 9	az t/pqk\nh yin\i yvr\im v/azn\i krw\im t/ptk\nh
אָ֣ז יְדַלֵּ֤ג כָּֽאַיָּל֙ פִּסֵּ֔חַ וְתָרֹ֖ן לְשׁ֣וֹן אִלֵּ֑ם כִּֽי־נִבְקְע֤וּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ מַ֔יִם וּנְחָלִ֖ים בָּעֲרָבָֽה		6 ♪B Then one that is lame will leap as a hart and the tongue of the dumb will shout for joy, [for waters will split in the wilderness, and torrents in the steppe.]
v az idlg caiil pisk vtron lwon ailm ci-nbqyu bmdbr mim unklim byrbh	17 15	az i/dlg c/ail psk vt/rn lwvn alm ci n/bqy\v b/mdbr mim v/nkl\im b/yrb\h

Vav is a gate to a host of possibilities

Vav is a hook. It's what keeps the pieces of the tabernacle together. When I was dabbling in grammar for my own learning last season, I didn't attempt to summarize this most important enclitic Hebrew consonant. Vav attaches itself to all sorts of things. It's a prefix with a great variety of uses and a suffix also. This is where its hook nature thrives. There are other hooks in the Hebrew Scripture: fishing hooks, pruning hooks, and grappling hooks. Vav as hook occurs in Exodus only in 13 verses. E.g.

וְהָאֲדָנִ֣ים לָֽעַמֻּדִים֮ נְחֹשֶׁת֒ וָוֵ֨י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֜ים וַחֲשׁוּקֵיהֶם֙ כֶּ֔סֶף וְצִפּ֥וּי רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף וְהֵם֙ מְחֻשָּׁקִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף כֹּ֖ל עַמֻּדֵ֥י הֶחָצֵֽר		17 And the sockets for the pillars, brass. The hooks of the pillars and their attachments, silver, and the overlaying of their tops, silver. And they were attached with silver, all the pillars of the court.
iz vhadnim lymudim nkowt vvi hymudim vkwuqihm csf vxipui rawihm csf vhm mkuwqim csf col ymudi hkxr	33 15	vh/adn\im l/ymd\im nkw\t vv\i h/ymvd\im v/kwvq\ihm csp v/xp\vi raw\ihm csp v/hm m/kwq\im csp cl ymd\i h/kxr

And the music:

Exodus 38:17

BDB describes vav as a conjunction and its use in the verbal system when it is a prefix for the verb form. The opening paragraph indicates that it is not "a merely copulative conj., but that it possessed a demonstrative force... ו is used very freely and widely in Heb., but also with much delicacy, to express relations and shades of meaning which Western languages would usually indicate by distinct particles... thus in AV, RV, words like or, then, but, notwithstanding, howbeit, so, thus, therefore, that, constantly appear, where the Heb. has simply ְו ."

Structurally BDB has five sections in the 6 pages.

1. And, connecting both words and sentences

2. The ו consecutive 

3. To express an intention, that or so that 

4. It expresses often an informal inference, or consequence, so, then

5. ו introduces the predicate or apodosis

BDB begins with a verse illustrating 'thus and so' or similar construction.

וַיִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָכֹ֔ה וַיַּ֖רְא כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַֽיִּטְמְנֵ֖הוּ בַּחֽוֹל		12 And he faced thus and thus, and saw that there was no person, and he struck the Egyptian and buried him in the sand.
ib viipn ch vch vira ci ain aiw viç at-hmxri vi'tmnhu bkol	11 13	vi/pn ch v/ch vi/ra ci ain aiw v/ic at hm/xr\i vi/'tmn\hv b/kvl

This verse illustrates five prefixed vavs (red), the first, third, fourth, and fifth all introduce the narrative form of the verb (type 2 above) and are translated in the past tense rather than the imperfect. The third might have been rendered so based on the prior phrase.

Vav is also a pronoun - third person masculine singular, e.g. lv (to or for him / it etc) pronounced as lo and written as lo in SimHebrew (so distinguishing it from the negative la pronounced the same as lo), and vav as suffix plays an important role in verb forms., such as the first, second, and third person plural. 

These uses can be confusing. Here's an example of the confusion of not (la pronounced lo) and his (lv also pronounced lo - this is the preposition l with a pronoun suffix his = belonging to or for or of or to him) .

Psalm 100:3

דְּע֗וּ כִּֽי יְהוָה֮ ה֤וּא אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים הֽוּא־עָ֭שָׂנוּ וְל֣וֹ אֲנַ֑חְנוּ עַ֝מּ֗וֹ וְצֹ֣אן מַרְעִיתֽוֹ		3 Know, for Yahweh he is God. He, he made us, and his we are, his people and the sheep of his pasture.
g dyu ci ihvh hua alohim hua-ywnu vlo anknu ymo vxan mryito	9 9 7	dy\v ci ihvh hva alh\im hva yw\nv v/l\v anknv ym\v v/xan m/ry\itv

The first vav, a suffixed u is the imperative, second person masculine plural, the second is the verb to make with a pronoun suffix us, nu, the third is the same nu but it is part of the standalone form of the first person plural pronoun. The third, I am reading what is written: lv = lo and not what is read, la - lamed-alpha לֹא.

You may think of this verse as requiring the phrase 'not we ourselves'. That requires reading lv as la. It is given in the manuscripts as what is to be read, but I have read diverse opinions as to the right sense. I think of this verse as reflecting the Song of Songs -- my Beloved is mine and I am his.

Song 2:16 

At some distant ancient time, I was working on this section to set it for woodwinds and voices -- looks like I set only the first poem to 1:1 to 2:7. If you are interested, there is a mechanical version here.

דּוֹדִ֥י לִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י ל֔וֹ הָרֹעֶ֖ה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים		16 My beloved is mine, and I am his; he grazes among the lilies.
'tz dodi li vani lo hroyh bwownim	14	dvd\i l\i v/ani l\v h/ryh b/wvwn\im

BDB also mentions conjunctive and disjunctive accents. The music includes rhythm and might well ornament grammar. When I was first given the music, the notions of conjunctive and disjunctive as well as continuous dichotomy gradually disappeared from my vocabulary. They are both unnecessary concepts, vaguely defined and positively misleading. The music will never mislead you and it is defined in its design. This is the design of the whole tabernacle, temple, and upholding its fortification -- perhaps we could look at that verse Ezekiel 43:11 and its 36 vavs.

We could pick almost any verse and find a vav in it. Of the 305 thousand odd words, over a third of them have vav as part of the prefix, and over 25% if them have a vav as part of the suffix. How could we summarize the uses of vav among these many examples.

Vav is represented in SimHebrew as v or o or u depending on various contexts (see the highlights below).

Ezekiel 43:11

וְאִֽם־נִכְלְמ֞וּ מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֗וּ צוּרַ֣ת הַבַּ֡יִת וּתְכוּנָת֡וֹ וּמוֹצָאָ֡יו וּמוֹבָאָ֣יו וְֽכָל־צֽוּרֹתָ֡ו וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־חֻקֹּתָיו֩ וְכָל־צ֨וּרֹתָ֤יו וְכָל־תּוֹרֹתָיו֙ הוֹדַ֣ע אוֹתָ֔ם וּכְתֹ֖ב לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְיִשְׁמְר֞וּ אֶת־כָּל־צוּרָת֛וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתָ֖יו וְעָשׂ֥וּ אוֹתָֽם		11 And if they are humiliated from all that they have done, the fortification of the house, and its stability, and its exeunts and its entrances, and all its fortifications and all its statutes, and all its fortifications and all its instructions, make known to them, and write for their eyes, that they may keep all its fortification and all its statutes and do them.
ia vam-nclmu mcol awr-ywu xurt hbit utcunto umoxaiv umobaiv vcl-xurotiv vat cl-kuqotiv vcl-xurotiv vcl-torotiv hody aotm uctob lyinihm viwmru at-cl-xurto vat-cl-kuqotiv vywu aotm	59 20	v/am n/clm\v m/cl awr yw\v xvr\t h/bit v/tcvn\tv vmv/xa\iv vmv/ba\iv v/cl xvr\tv v/at cl kq\tiv v/cl xvr\tiv v/cl tvr\tiv hv/dy avt\m v/ctb l/yin\ihm vi/wmr\v at cl xvr\tv v/at cl kq\tiv v/yw\v avt\m

Vav also appears in the middle of roots and words. In this context, it is a weak letter and may appear or disappear or even change to an i. This is outside the scope of prefixes and suffixes.

You will notice that I have rendered every one of the starting letter v (or u) except the one after the atnah as and. In this case, the text looks like a list. But the vav may be rendered as some other conjunction as noted above. Now notice the final vavs sometimes u or o or v. The first two are verbs and the form ending with the u sound is third person plural, so rendered as they. The third is an o sound, the pronoun its - third person singular appended to the singular noun. KJV renders these as the archaic thereof. The same pronoun when applied to a plural noun has the v rather than the o sound. This form occurs 7 times in this verse.

One more example -- in case the music would help us interpret informal inference, or predicates calling for a rendering of then for vav.

Genesis 3:5 -- turns out this is an example where I didn't translate the vav at all.

The music shows how the verse is connected to the prior verse, and the ornament preceding the first vav allows the singer to hear and interpret without any gloss for it. But one could still make an argument for a sound on the vav -- it is its own syllable in the recitative.

כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכָלְכֶ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶם֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים יֹדְעֵ֖י ט֥וֹב וָרָֽע		5 ♪C Because God knows that in the day you eat from it, your eyes will be given sight, and you will become as God knowing good and evil.
h ci iody alohim ci biom acolcm mmnu vnpqku yinicm vhiitm calohim iodyi 'tob vry	23 11	ci idy alh\im ci b/ivm acl\cm m/mn\v vn/pqk\v yin\icm vh/i\itm c/alh\im idy\i 'tvb v/ry