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Wednesday, 23 December 2020

yll - prodigality or wantonness or just practice

There is a root appearing today in the concordance pages that I have found difficult to manage. In fact there are many things that are difficult to manage in this process. The table below is a slightly earlier version of what is produced in the yl post that accompanies this. I have changed the semantic domains to agree more with similar words. You will see them crossed out in a few places below. The replacements are in the new glossary page at the link above. I have developed a page to allow me to manipulate glosses within roots and semantic domains. I would welcome any suggestions for modification of my domains. (See these posts for an introduction.)

The Aramaic generic word for bring belongs in the same domain as the Hebrew word for bring. There isn't enough Aramaic to judge how flexible the root is but in Hebrew the roots /hlc/, (walk / go / come and so on) and /bva/ (bring / come / go / enter and others) fall into a category of words that have a many to many relationship with their Hebrew roots for common functions. There is no possibility of a one-for-one-onto (isomorphic) mapping between Hebrew and English words for these roots. One does come to accept this as a fact of life. But it is no excuse for lazy or even deliberately misusing glosses as if one could create ancient homonyms out of thin air.

For /yll/ I am not using a single English gloss, but multiple ones. It is a one-to-many relationship (Hebrew to English). As I reviewed it, I thought it was quite unfair to continue the tradition of classifying wanton under the domain of Sin and prodigal under the domain of Character. They are fundamentally the same concept. They are both extremes of fruitfulness. There is no fixed 'meaning' for a word even in English. He had a wanton love of poetry. Not a sin. He was prodigal of love. Also not sin. There is sin, no doubt of that - just look how we treat each other. But it is not in a word.

There are real clouds of differing senses in the use of this root yll. There's trouble in the shackle, ill-treatment, and even a unique furnace. But I moved wanton from sin to character. And I moved practice from walk to work. It is then in the same domain then as do / make / deed (ywh). Where it belongs.

But you can see the catch - practice is not an extreme, wanton and prodigal are. How did we come to associate both the ordinary and the extreme with the same root? (The use of this root also for grape-gleaning seems really odd - but here is yet another associated cloud of sense for this root.)

So what does one do with 1 Samuel 2:3? This is my translation challenge.
אַל־תַּרְבּ֤וּ תְדַבְּרוּ֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה יֵצֵ֥א עָתָ֖ק מִפִּיכֶ֑ם
כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל דֵּעוֹת֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְל֥וֹ נִתְכְּנ֖וּ עֲלִלֽוֹת

Not with excess speak with the haughtiness of the haughty to let arrogance come out from your mouth,
for a God of knowledge is Yahweh and of him, stabilized are practices.
KJV has and by him actions are weighed.
JB has the weighing of deeds.
REB has, he governs what mortals do. (It's not even close to what is written.)

Where did weighing come from? I used weigh for wql so I would probably decline to use it here but perhaps could provide a synonym. Here's my use of stable tcn. I like the gloss fair and I don't appear to have used it anywhere else so it is available for me to add to the glosses for tcn - good for CJB - hard to incorporate here though. Why actions? Why deeds? I have associated these glosses with /ywh/, though I could just let the chips fall and allow the overlap (many-to-many). What's another root thrown to the wolves of random association.

The reason I am doing this verse at present is that I am setting a magnificat to the music in 1 Samuel 2 and I was interspersing Hannah's song with Mary's song.

By the way, I can imagine how weighing of deeds could be derived from stabilizing practices, but these practices are associated with God and with the human in the psalms (see the references below). In the psalms, in traditional translations and in mine also, God is inevitably seen as prodigal, where the human is seen as wanton. I have been consistent here, but it is to be challenged. Perhaps the wanton and the prodigal should always be the non-value laden practices. Would sin disappear with a few word changes? I doubt it. But we might read differently. We might see our responsibilities in the light of the two psalms 111 and 112 and conform our practices to what we see in those attributed to God - is this even possible....

yll Bound byol4 בְּעֹ֖לinto the shackle ofJer 27:8(18)
בְּעֹ֣לinto the shackle ofJer 27:12(13)
בְּעֹ֥לinto the shackle ofJer 27:11(6)
בְּעֹֽלin a shackleDeu 21:3(19)
bylil1 בַּעֲלִ֣ילin a furnacePsa 12:7(7)
hyol2 ־הָעֹ֔לthe shackle1Kgs 12:9(17) 2Ch 10:9(17)
htyllt1 הִתְעַלַּ֖לְתְּyou have shackledNum 22:29(5)
vhtyllu1 וְהִתְעַלְּלוּand they ill-treatJer 38:19(18)
viyolluhu1 וַיְעֹֽלְלֻ֙הוּ֙and they shackledJdg 20:45(7)
umyulo2 וּמֵעֻלּ֧וֹand his shackles1Kgs 12:4(11) 2Ch 10:4(10)
vyulo1 וְעֻלּ֖וֹand his shackleIsa 10:27(8)
vyollti1 וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּיand shackledJob 16:15(5)
myli1 מֶֽעָלֵ֣יthe going ofDan 6:15(15)
yol15 ־עֹ֖לthe shackle ofJer 28:2(10) Jer 28:4(23)
־עֹ֣לthe shackle ofIsa 9:3(3) Jer 28:11(13)
עֹ֑לshackle1Sa 6:7(14)
עֹ֔לshackleJer 5:5(18)
עֹ֖לa shackleHos 11:4(9) Lam 3:27(5)
עֹ֖לshackleIsa 10:27(12)
עֹ֣לa shackle1Kgs 12:11(5) 2Ch 10:11(5)
עֹ֣לa shackle ofJer 28:14(8)
עֹ֤לa shackle ofDeu 28:48(14)
עֹ֨לis the shackle ofLam 1:14(2)
עֹֽלshackleNum 19:2(25)
yulo3 עֻלּ֔וֹhis shackleIsa 14:25(9)
עֻלּ֖וֹhis shackleGen 27:40(11)
עֻלּוֹ֙his shackleJer 30:8(8)
yulç2 עֻלֵּ֖ךְyour shackleIsa 47:6(15)
עֻלֵּ֗ךְyour shacklesJer 2:20(4)
yulcm6 ־עֻלְּכֶ֑םyour shackle1Kgs 12:11(10) 1Kgs 12:14(13) 2Ch 10:11(10)
־עֻלְּכֶ֔םyour shackle1Kgs 12:14(9) 2Ch 10:14(8)
עֻלְּכֶ֔םyour shacklesLev 26:13(14)
yulm1 עֻלָּ֔םtheir shacklesEze 34:27(20)
yulnu4 ־עֻלֵּ֑נוּour shackles1Kgs 12:4(4) 2Ch 10:4(4)
־עֻלֵּ֔נוּour shackles1Kgs 12:10(19) 2Ch 10:10(18)
yl1 עַלa shackle ofJer 28:15(18)
Character htyll1 הִתְעַלֵּ֣לhe was prodigal1Sa 6:6(13)
ubylilotiç1 וּֽבַעֲלִ֖ילוֹתֶ֣יךָand in your prodigalityPsa 77:13(4)
vyoll1 וְעוֹלֵ֣לand be prodigalLam 1:22(5)
mylli2 מַֽעַלְלֵיthe prodigality ofPsa 77:12(2) Psa 78:7(6)
yoll1 עוֹלַ֖לis prodigal asLam 1:12(13)
yollih1 עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָher prodigalsLam 1:5(12)
yollt1 עוֹלַ֛לְתָּyou have been prodigalLam 1:22(8)
ylilh1 עֲ֝לִילָ֗הprodigalityPsa 66:5(6)
ylilotiv6 עֲלִֽילֹתָ֑יוhis prodigalityIsa 12:4(10)
עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיוhis prodigalityPsa 9:12(7)
עֲלִילֹתָֽיוhis prodigality1Ch 16:8(7)
עֲלִילֽוֹתָיוhis prodigalityPsa 103:7(6)
עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יוhis prodigalityPsa 78:11(2)
עֲלִילוֹתָֽיוhis prodigalityPsa 105:1(7)
ylilotiiç1 עֲלִילֹתַ֔יִךְyour prodigalityZep 3:11(6)
ylilotm1 עֲלִילוֹתָֽםtheir prodigalityZep 3:7(18)
Sin bmyllihm2 בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֑םwith their wantonnessPsa 106:29(2)
בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽםthrough their own wantonnessPsa 106:39(4)
btylulihm1 בְּתַעֲלֻלֵיהֶ֗םin their wantonnessIsa 66:4(4)
vhtyllu2 וְהִתְעַלְּלוּand are wanton1Sa 31:4(14) 1Ch 10:4(14)
vityllu1 וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּand were wantonJdg 19:25(14)
umyllihm1 וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙and their wantonnessIsa 3:8(8)
umyllicm1 וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖םand from your wantonnessZec 1:4(18)
lhtyoll1 לְהִתְע֘וֹלֵ֤לwantonPsa 141:4(6)
myllihm4 מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥םtheir wantonnessPsa 28:4(5)
מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽםtheir wantonnessMic 7:13(7)
מַעַלְלֵיהֶ֖םtheir wantonnessIsa 3:10(7)
מַעַלְלֵיהֶֽםfrom their wantonnessMic 3:4(15)
mylliv1 מַעֲלָלָ֑יוhis wantonnessMic 2:7(9)
mylliç1 מַֽעֲלָלֶ֖יךָyour wantonnessDeu 28:20(22)
myllicm7 מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֗םyour wantonnessJer 35:15(16)
מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֔םyour wantonnessJer 25:5(8) Jer 44:22(8)
מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖םyour wantonnessIsa 1:16(5) Jer 21:14(4)
מַעַלְלֵיכֶֽםyour wantonnessJer 4:4(19) Jer 21:12(22)
yollh1 עֽוֹלְלָ֣הwantonnessLam 3:51(2)
yollt1 עוֹלַ֣לְתָּthe wantonnessLam 2:20(5)
ylilh1 עֲלִילָ֗הwantonnessPsa 14:1(10)
ylilot3 עֲלִילֹ֣תwith wantonness ofDeu 22:14(3)
עֲלִילֹ֨תa wantonness ofDeu 22:17(4)
עֲלִל֨וֹתwantonlyPsa 141:4(7)
yliloticm1 עֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑םyour wantonnessEze 21:29(14)
ylilotm1 ־עֲלִילוֹתָֽםtheir wantonnessPsa 99:8(11)
Walk bmylliv1 בְּ֭מַעֲלָלָיוin its practicesPro 20:11(2)
huyl1 הֻעַ֖לwas broughtDan 5:13(3)
huylu1 הֻעַ֣לּוּhave been broughtDan 5:15(2)
hnyil2 ־הַנְעֵ֣לbroughtDan 6:19(9)
הַנְעֵ֥לbroughtDan 2:25(4)
hyilni1 הַעֵ֙לְנִי֙bring me inDan 2:24(22)
hyliliih1 הָעֲלִֽילִיָּ֑הthe practicesJer 32:19(4)
htyllti1 הִתְעַלַּ֙לְתִּי֙my practices wereExo 10:2(9)
ubylilotm1 וּבַעֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑םand by their practicesEze 36:17(11)
ucmyllinu1 וּכְמַ֣עֲלָלֵ֔ינוּand according to our practiceZec 1:6(21)
vcylilotiiç1 וְכַעֲלִילוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙and according to your practicesEze 24:14(13)
vcyliloticm1 וְכַעֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֤םor according to your practicesEze 20:44(12)
vcylilotm1 וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖םand according to their practicesEze 36:19(7)
umylliv1 וּמַעֲלָלָ֖יוand from their practicesHos 4:9(7)
umylliiç1 וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְand your practicesJer 4:18(2)
umyllicm4 וּמַ֣עַלְלֵיכֶ֔םand in your practicesJer 26:13(4)
וּמַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֑םand in your practicesJer 7:3(9)
וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖םand from your practicesEze 36:31(5)
וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽםand your practicesJer 18:11(29)
cmylliv1 כְּמַעֲלָלָ֖יוaccording to his practiceHos 12:3(9)
lhnylh1 לְהַנְעָלָ֣הto bringDan 4:3(4)
lhylh1 לְהֶֽעָלָה֙to bring inDan 5:7(4)
mmyllihm2 מִמַּ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔םfrom their practicesJdg 2:19(16)
מִמַּֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֖םfrom their practices ofNeh 9:35(18)
myllihm6 מַ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔םtheir practicesHos 5:4(3)
מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔םtheir practicesHos 7:2(9) Hos 9:15(9)
מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽםtheir practicesJer 23:22(12)
מַעַלְלֵיהֶֽםtheir practicesJer 11:18(6) Jer 26:3(17)
mylliv2 מַעֲלָלָֽיוits practicesJer 17:10(11) Jer 32:19(17)
myllicm2 ־מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֑םyour practicesJer 7:5(8)
מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖םyour practicesJer 23:2(25)
myllim1 מַעֲלָלִ֖יםin his practices1Sa 25:3(15)
yl3 עַ֖לwent inDan 2:16(2)
עַ֣לcameDan 2:24(5)
עַ֣לhe wentDan 6:11(7)
ylilot1 עֲלִלֽוֹתare practices1Sa 2:3(15)
yliloticm1 ־עֲלִיל֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םyour practicesEze 20:43(7)
ylilotm2 ־עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑םtheir practicesEze 14:22(15) Eze 14:23(8)
ylin2 עָלִּ֗יןcame inDan 4:4(2)
עָֽלִּ֔יןcame inDan 5:8(2)
ylt1 עַלַּ֑תcame inDan 5:10(8)
Work iyollu1 יְעוֹלְל֥וּthey will glean grapeJer 6:9(6)
cyollot2 כְּעֹלְלֹ֖תas grape-gleanings ofMic 7:1(7)
כְּעוֹלֵלֹ֖תas the grape-gleaningsIsa 24:13(10)
yoll1 עוֹלֵ֛ל--Jer 6:9(5)
yollot4 עֹלְל֥וֹתto glean grapes inJdg 8:2(9)
עֹלֵלֽוֹתgrape-gleaningsOba 1:5(19)
עֽוֹלֵל֑וֹתgrapes to gleanJer 49:9(7)
עֽוֹלֵלֹת֙grape-gleaningsIsa 17:6(3)
tyoll2 תְעוֹלֵ֔לyou will glean grapes fromLev 19:10(3)
תְעוֹלֵ֖לyou will glean grapesDeu 24:21(5)

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