In case you were wondering about the rivers

Continuing the prior post. (I was mildly suprised that this query from the database actually worked.)
יאר is also rendered as canal in Daniel.

Where to find the rivers of the Old Testament
פישׁון is Pishon	Gen 2:11 ✍,
גיחון is Gihon	Gen 2:13 ✍,
חדקל Hidkel	Gen 2:14 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Gen 2:14 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Gen 13:10 ✍, Gen 13:11 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Gen 15:18 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Gen 32:11 ✍,
יבק Jabboq	Gen 32:23 ✍,
היאר the Nile	Gen 41:1 ✍, Gen 41:2 ✍, Gen 41:3 ✍, Gen 41:17 ✍, Gen 41:18 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Gen 50:10 ✍, Gen 50:11 ✍,
היאר the Nile	Exo 2:3 ✍, Exo 2:5 ✍, Exo 4:9 ✍, Exo 7:15 ✍,
ביאר are in the Nile	Exo 7:17 ✍,
ביאר in the Nile	Exo 7:18 ✍,
היאר the Nile	Exo 7:18 ✍,
ביאר were in the Nile	Exo 7:20 ✍,
ביאר in the Nile	Exo 7:21 ✍,
היאר the Nile	Exo 7:21 ✍, Exo 7:24 ✍, Exo 7:25 ✍, Exo 7:28 ✍,
ביאר in the Nile	Exo 8:5 ✍, Exo 8:7 ✍,
היאר the Nile	Exo 17:5 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Num 13:29 ✍,
זרד Zered	Num 21:12 ✍, Num 21:13 ✍,
ארנון Arnon	Num 21:14 ✍,
מארנן from Arnon	Num 21:24 ✍,
יבק Jabboq	Num 21:24 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Num 21:26 ✍, Num 21:28 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Num 22:1 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Num 22:36 ✍,
ירדן the Jordan	Num 26:3 ✍, Num 26:63 ✍, Num 31:12 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Num 32:5 ✍, Num 32:19 ✍,
לירדן the Jordan	Num 32:19 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Num 32:21 ✍, Num 32:29 ✍,
לירדן the Jordan	Num 32:32 ✍,
ירדן the Jordan	Num 33:48 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Num 33:49 ✍,
ירדן the Jordan	Num 33:50 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Num 33:51 ✍,
הירדנה the Jordan	Num 34:12 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Num 34:15 ✍,
ירדן the Jordan	Num 35:1 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Num 35:10 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Num 35:14 ✍,
ירדן the Jordan	Num 36:13 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 1:1 ✍, Deu 1:5 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Deu 1:7 ✍, Deu 2:13 ✍, Deu 2:14 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Deu 2:24 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 2:29 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Deu 2:36 ✍,
יבק Jabboq	Deu 2:37 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Deu 3:8 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 3:8 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Deu 3:12 ✍, Deu 3:16 ✍,
יבק Jabboq	Deu 3:16 ✍,
והירדן and the Jordan	Deu 3:17 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 3:20 ✍, Deu 3:25 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Deu 3:27 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 4:21 ✍, Deu 4:22 ✍, Deu 4:26 ✍, Deu 4:41 ✍, Deu 4:46 ✍, Deu 4:47 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	Deu 4:48 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 4:49 ✍, Deu 9:1 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Deu 11:24 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 11:30 ✍, Deu 11:31 ✍, Deu 12:10 ✍, Deu 27:2 ✍, Deu 27:4 ✍, Deu 27:12 ✍, Deu 30:18 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Deu 31:2 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Deu 31:13 ✍, Deu 32:47 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Jos 1:2 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Jos 1:4 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Jos 1:11 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 1:14 ✍, Jos 1:15 ✍, Jos 2:7 ✍, Jos 2:10 ✍, Jos 3:1 ✍,
בירדן in the Jordan	Jos 3:8 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 3:8 ✍,
בירדן in the Jordan	Jos 3:11 ✍, Jos 3:13 ✍, Jos 3:14 ✍, Jos 3:15 ✍,
והירדן and the Jordan	Jos 3:15 ✍, Jos 3:17 ✍, Jos 4:1 ✍, Jos 4:3 ✍, Jos 4:5 ✍,
בירדן the Jordan	Jos 4:7 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 4:7 ✍, Jos 4:8 ✍, Jos 4:9 ✍, Jos 4:10 ✍, Jos 4:16 ✍, Jos 4:17 ✍, Jos 4:18 ✍, Jos 4:19 ✍, Jos 4:20 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Jos 4:22 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 4:23 ✍, Jos 5:1 ✍, Jos 7:7 ✍, Jos 9:1 ✍, Jos 9:10 ✍,
ארנון the Arnon	Jos 12:1 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 12:1 ✍,
ארנון the Arnon	Jos 12:2 ✍,
יבק Jabboq	Jos 12:2 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 12:7 ✍, Jos 13:8 ✍,
ארנון the Arnon	Jos 13:9 ✍, Jos 13:16 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 13:23 ✍, Jos 13:27 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Jos 13:32 ✍, Jos 14:3 ✍, Jos 15:5 ✍,
מירדן from Jordan by	Jos 16:1 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 16:7 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Jos 17:5 ✍, Jos 18:7 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 18:12 ✍, Jos 18:19 ✍,
והירדן and the Jordan	Jos 18:20 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 19:22 ✍, Jos 19:33 ✍, Jos 19:34 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Jos 20:8 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jos 22:4 ✍, Jos 22:7 ✍, Jos 22:10 ✍, Jos 22:11 ✍, Jos 22:25 ✍, Jos 23:4 ✍, Jos 24:8 ✍, Jos 24:11 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 3:28 ✍,
קישׁון Kishon	Judges 4:7 ✍, Judges 4:13 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 5:17 ✍, Judges 5:21 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 7:24 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	Judges 7:25 ✍,
הירדנה to the Jordan	Judges 8:4 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 10:8 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Judges 10:9 ✍,
מארנון from the Arnon	Judges 11:13 ✍,
היבק the Jabboq	Judges 11:13 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 11:13 ✍, Judges 11:18 ✍,
מארנון from the Arnon	Judges 11:22 ✍,
היבק the Jabboq	Judges 11:22 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 11:22 ✍,
ארנון the Arnon	Judges 11:26 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Judges 12:5 ✍, Judges 12:6 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	1Sa 13:7 ✍, 1Sa 31:7 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Sa 2:29 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	2Sa 8:3 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Sa 10:17 ✍,
קדרון Kidron	2Sa 15:23 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	2Sa 17:22 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Sa 17:22 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	2Sa 17:24 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Sa 19:16 ✍, 2Sa 19:18 ✍,
בירדן the Jordan	2Sa 19:19 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Sa 19:32 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	2Sa 19:37 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Sa 19:40 ✍, 2Sa 19:42 ✍, 2Sa 20:2 ✍, 2Sa 24:5 ✍,
גחון Gihon	1Kings 1:33 ✍, 1Kings 1:38 ✍,
בגחון in Gihon	1Kings 1:45 ✍,
הירדן at the Jordan	1Kings 2:8 ✍,
קדרון the Kidron	1Kings 2:37 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	1Kings 7:46 ✍,
קדרון Kidron	1Kings 15:13 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	1Kings 17:3 ✍, 1Kings 17:5 ✍,
קישׁון Kishon	1Kings 18:40 ✍,
הירדנה to the Jordan	2Kings 2:6 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Kings 2:7 ✍, 2Kings 2:13 ✍,
בירדן in the Jordan	2Kings 5:10 ✍,
אמנה Amana	2Kings 5:12 ✍,
ופרפר and Pharpar	2Kings 5:12 ✍,
בירדן in the Jordan	2Kings 5:14 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Kings 6:2 ✍,
הירדנה to the Jordan	2Kings 6:4 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Kings 7:15 ✍,
ארנן Arnon	2Kings 10:33 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Kings 10:33 ✍,
קדרון Kidron	2Kings 23:4 ✍, 2Kings 23:6 ✍,
קדרון the Kidron	2Kings 23:6 ✍, 2Kings 23:12 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	2Kings 23:29 ✍, 2Kings 24:7 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Isa 8:23 ✍,
לארנון of the Arnon	Isa 16:2 ✍, Isa 19:7 ✍,
ביאור into the Nile	Isa 19:8 ✍,
יאור the Nile	Isa 23:3 ✍,
כיאר as the Nile	Isa 23:10 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jer 12:5 ✍,
פרתה the Euphrates	Jer 13:4 ✍,
בפרת at the Euphrates	Jer 13:5 ✍,
פרתה the Euphrates	Jer 13:6 ✍, Jer 13:7 ✍,
קדרון the Kidron	Jer 31:40 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Jer 46:2 ✍, Jer 46:6 ✍,
כיאר as the Nile	Jer 46:7 ✍, Jer 46:8 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	Jer 46:10 ✍,
בארנון in Arnon	Jer 48:20 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Jer 49:19 ✍, Jer 50:44 ✍,
פרת the Euphrates	Jer 51:63 ✍,
כבר Kebar	Eze 1:1 ✍, Eze 1:3 ✍, Eze 3:15 ✍, Eze 3:23 ✍, Eze 10:15 ✍, Eze 10:20 ✍, Eze 10:22 ✍,
יארי Nile	Eze 29:3 ✍,
יאריו his Nile	Eze 29:3 ✍,
יאריך your Nile	Eze 29:4 ✍, Eze 29:5 ✍,
יאר the Nile	Eze 29:9 ✍,
יאריך your Nile	Eze 29:10 ✍,
יארים the Nile	Eze 30:12 ✍,
כבר Kebar	Eze 43:3 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Eze 47:18 ✍,
כאר as the Nile	Amo 8:8 ✍,
כיאור as the Nile of	Amo 8:8 ✍,
כיאר as the Nile	Amo 9:5 ✍,
כיאר as the Nile of	Amo 9:5 ✍,
יאר the Nile	Zec 10:11 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	Zec 11:3 ✍,
ירדן Jordan	Psa 42:7 ,
קישׁון Kishon	Psa 83:10 ,
הירדן the Jordan	Psa 114:3 ✍,
הירדן Jordan	Psa 114:5 ✍,
ירדן Jordan	Job 40:23 ✍,
אמנה Amana	Song 4:8 ✍,
אולי Ulai	Dan 8:2 ✍, Dan 8:16 ✍,
חדקל Hidkel	Dan 10:4 ✍,
אהוא Ahava	Ezr 8:15 ✍, Ezr 8:21 ✍, Ezr 8:31 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	1Ch 5:9 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	1Ch 6:63 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	1Ch 6:63 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	1Ch 12:16 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	1Ch 12:38 ✍,
פרת Euphrates	1Ch 18:3 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	1Ch 19:17 ✍,
לירדן Jordan	1Ch 26:30 ✍,
הירדן the Jordan	2Ch 4:17 ✍,
קדרון Kidron	2Ch 15:16 ✍, 2Ch 29:16 ✍, 2Ch 30:14 ✍,
גיחון Gihon	2Ch 32:30 ✍,
לגיחון to the Gihon	2Ch 33:14 ✍,
פרת the Euphrates	2Ch 35:20 ✍,

Translation of Names

25% of the words in the Bible I have classified as names. Names of peoples, locations, persons, God, rivers, feasts, stars, species, signs, mountains, months, and even sticks.

Sticks? Only in Zechariah 11:7 and 10. And I will tend the flock of the slain indeed, O poor of the flock,and I will take to me two sticks, the one I called Pleasure and the other I called Pledges, and I will tend the flock.

Stars: Orion, the Pleiades, and the Great Bear - all mentioned in Job. Sign: only the writing on the wall. Rivers: which of these can you identify?

Eden is a word of interest. It is used 20 times as a named location, 13 times as the Aramaic for time, twice as a time based adverb yet. (Qohelet 4:2, 3), twice for a specialty food (Gen 49:20, Lam 4:5), and 9 times for enthrall.

They will be saturated from the fatness of your house,
and the torrents of your enthrallment they will drink. (Psalms 36:9)

Names require a lifetime of study and touch on the primal use of our languages. We are the Adam whose job it is to name things.

Naming is a mandatory component of science. What geometry would we know without the named parts of a right angled triangle? What arithmetic without named numerals? What medicine without named parts of the body? And what cures for cancer without named structures within the cellular crowds of our internals? So in a sense, every word is a name!

But to come back to the names of peoples, persons, and locations, Some are opaque to us, and some may be made easier to hear if we translate rather than transcribe them. My work is somewhat capricious in this area. With 1,577 distinct personal names used 16,279 times, a translation of every name would be as tedious to the reader as a consistent transcription. So the somewhat random variations may keep us on our toes.

Stems that refuse to be bound by my rules

There are (besides prepositions and conjunctions) several common words that refused to allow me a 1 to 1 or 1 to many mapping from Hebrew to English.

I rendered Psalm 95:1 this way.

Walk! Let us shout aloud to Yahweh.

Isn't that a bit odd? I left it that way to illustrate the problem of common verbs describing motion, go, come, walk, bring and variations. I have allowed some overlap between English glosses and Hebrew stems for this class of common words. Otherwise everything would tend to a little too much foreignness in the English reading. (I do think some foreignness is necessary to avoid the problem of too much familiarity.)

One such pair is שׁית set (51) impose (15) put (9) and a few others and שׂום set (238) set up (119) put (106) set place (38) render (30) define (26) and so on. You can see the overlap in set and put and imagine the lack of English synonyms to get around this.

Another much more extensive set of these is the words related to going and coming. Some of them are distinguishable with a preposition (come or go or bring out of יצא, up עלה, down ירד, before קדם, through or across עבר). One I noted I had distinguished with an active rather than a passive helping verb like let go רפה.

As I looked at these, I wondered if some of them like רפה couldn't be tightened up. Every time I do this exercise, I see other possibilities. So I changed רפה and replaced the weak let go everywhere with slacken or desist.

Occasionally for literary reasons (I should have some of these), I have let English glosses map to multiple Hebrew stems, especially when I was imitating the childhood game of alphabetic acrostics.

More to come still on some specific difficult to translate words.

Advent links - week 4

A lego camel
in front of a well-thumbed Jerusalem Bible

Via the Velveteen Rabbi, a nice play on becoming. Christians should think about this. Who is the one who is, who was, and who is to come in relation to the Hebrew parentage that we share?

It is the fourth Sunday of Advent today and I found myself shopping! But will soon go to a service of 9 lessons and carols at the cathedral. Here from Phil is a post on the original sign of Emmanuel.

We can end this short week with the O antiphons from the Liturgy site.

Prepared for the mythology of the composite pageant of Christmas, here critically reviewed (in past articles) by Paul Davidson.

The pageant and comedy here. In case you have forgotten the carnival, not only is the TNK political, but so is Christianity if it is to be true to its message of putting down the mighty from their seat and exalting the humble and meek.

Christmas 2018

Here is our Christmas newsletter...

We heard the inimitable Dylan Thomas reading A Child's Christmas in Wales this morning. We are also listening to a whole day of the European Christmas concert music on CBC. But last night's concert from Victoria Baroque conducted by Jeanne Lamon, and Rebecca Genge singing Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen is the highlight so far of the Christmas season. 

Merry Christmas to all.

Male-female, man-woman, husband-wife

In English, we pair words, sometimes exclusively. Other languages may not have such well-defined pairs.

With respect to male-female, what is male or female in Hebrew may be signaled simply by the presence or absence of a suffix. So when I look at my English glossary I find:

male(88) זכר, male barren(1) עקר, male consternation(1) להה, male foal(3) בן, male juvenile(1) ילד, male kid(11) גדי, male newborn(2) ילד, male peer(6) ילד, male servant(3) עבד, male singer(3) שירׁ, male slave(8) עבד.

I have been forced to use male as an adjective. Similarly for female: female(22) נקב, female barren(1) עקר, female juvenile(1) ילד, female servant(3) שפחהׁ, female singer(3) שירׁ, female slave(9) שפחהׁ.

But there is here a male-female pair, זכר and נקב. When these appear together, it is with deliberate intent in the Hebrew language to differentiate the two genders. But if I look in the Hebrew-English glossary I see that each of these has other glosses as well. These other glosses are not what I might have expected. It seems to me that the male is one who remembers זכר and the female is associated with piercing or drilling נקב and certain forms of tool like pick-ax and hammer.

With husband-wife, I avoided husband for the very common stem אישׁ, but I allowed wife for the equally common stem אשׁה.

אישׁ man (524) person (396) men (363) each (318) anyone (82) soldier (61) everyone (56) -- (54) -one (31) such (10) adult (8) representative (6) another (4) other (3) personal (3) cohort (1) every (1) every person (1) hero (1) real (1) ride (1) someone (1) spouse (1) there (1)
אשׁה wife (408) woman (238) women (121) each (10) mate (2)

These clearly sound like a pairing ish, ishah. One might think these were the stems for man-woman. And indeed they can be. But אישׁ is both generic and more multi-faceted than אשׁה. At least it seems I have treated it so. (I also have some artificial hapaxes here, uniquely used glosses created by the process of translation.)

And either of these might just be rendered as each. This gloss breaks my rules, but I don't enforce them for some pronouns, and most prepositions, conjunctions and other grammatical particles.

I allowed husband for the stem בעל Baal. This stem also covers a lot of ground: Baal (107) owner (41) superior (26) husband (22) Baalim (18) marry (12) Husband (2) own (2) owed (1) owns (1) senior (1).

[Aside, owed stands out here as out of place. It occurs only in Nehemiah 6:18. It being less than 5 characters, it might have escaped my net, but I never used owing or owe or owes anywhere else.]

Now it appears that husband-wife do not behave like their English equivalents. So the question is, should I avoid using the word wife at all? Imagine reading woman/women for every occurrence of wife/wives. It is awkward for me, though common in some English language enclaves. But if I use wife, I must not read modern cultural monogamy into the word. Nor should I read a 16th century ownership paradigm into it. Nonetheless, it appears that wife is defined as a woman with whom the man has had coitus. Perhaps this is a legitimate assumption and an acceptable rationale for using one gloss over another for the same stem. All translators make such decisions, sometimes consciously, sometimes not.

Traditional translations are nowhere near as strict as I have been. Here's a quick glance at man, husband, women, wife in the King James version: man is used for אדם, אישׁ, זכר, בעל just for starters. It also appears frequently as an adjective (for the Hebrew suffix). Husband is used for אישׁ, חתן, and בעל. Wife is more consistent as אשׁה. But woman is used for both אשׁה and נקב. With most stems I have avoided these overlaps.

[Aside, I have allowed marry to overlap two stems (though they are easy to distinguish). First it is used for בעל, as in this double usage: וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל, for she is married to a husband. And I used intermarry for the stem חתן, which my algorithm did not break down to marry. This stem is a generic 'in-law' stem: father-in-law (20) son-in-law (12) bridegroom (11) in-law (4) intermarry (4) alliance (2) brother-in-law (1).]

More to come on multi-faceted words.

Advent links - week 3

Jim Gordon - prayer at a locked door.
Rachel Barenblaat - on making oneself known.
James McGrath - reporting on John Polkinghorne re science vs religion.
Bruggemann's Jesse Tree project is very full - lots of possible work here for the dedicated.

Have a look at Shawna Slater's answer to telling your kids about Santa. The 'Yes, Virginia' story is there too.

This post I did from October is very relevant to Advent. Music is a weapon of war - against mental illness, against violence, against depression. It defines a time in which irrelevant arguments (like religion or faith vs science) have no place. Ignore the distractions. Take every precaution to discover them before they distract you. I had occasion to set a little of this chapter 2 Chronicles 20 as part of volume 7 of Bob's Bible - coming under a different title to an ebook publisher near you.

Jesus in Egypt reading Exodus with his mother, from Kurk Gayle.
Jim Gordon on the crib. This is a teacher who knows how to read poetry.

While dealing with gender difficulties would have distracted me from my reading project. (For the gender difficulty of language appears insoluble to me today). There is a real difficulty with gender bias and power. This article via blt is clear on the issues.

Ian Paul has his annual repeat post on the chronology of Luke. Recall the 20 year shift pointed out between Josephus and Luke in the Carnival posts from earlier this month.

Is Luke correcting Josephus? Is Luke disguising history for the sake of theology or just to keep his head down? Is our idea of 'historical' just another distraction to stop us from actually doing something good?

What's Jesus about these days? The Velveteen Rabbi has a poem on it.

Remind me to follow up on this one re the purification of women after childbirth.

Worried about the future, try this page. (Via Henry)

I managed to produce a full glossary this month. See the links in the Analysis page.

Jim Davila points to the star of Bethlehem as midrash on Numbers 24:17.

When exactly did the word become flesh.

Alter vs Bob - round 1

I haven't seen Alter's translation - but I am sure I have been influenced by him since I have read some of his earlier work at least in part.

I worry about my literary prowess. Can a computational bible for the music compete with a literary one?

I see in the NYT an article on him with this rendering of Song 1:13: A sachet of myrrh is my lover to me,/all night between my breasts.

Mine is: An anguish of myrrh is my beloved to me. Between my breasts he will bide.

He leaves out the verb. He splits the verse with a pause when there is none (well there is a mordent or revia, but not an atnah) in the text. (The Song is marked from verses 9 to 17 by the haste of the music.)

We both manage some alliteration. His 'all night' is not in the text though the Hebrew word לון has assonance with 'night' ליל. I think that is really subtle, probably too subtle for an English reader. But I like the rationale for his decision.

Some of the lego my grandson and I (with his father's help too) have been working on these last few weeks. Just in case you think I never play. The castle was bought forty years ago for another 5 year old. In London, on our first trip to the UK.

Multi-faceted words

We have had a few posts on rare words. Now we really need some posts on words where the stems are common and there may be several different glosses for one stem.

So what are the multi-faceted words that one would meet first in the first few chapters of Genesis?  Some words are frequent but they designate one or two things that are clearly related. So they are not multi-faceted. One such is אב father. Mostly I have used father. Where a more inclusive word was appropriate, I have used ancestor, parent, or forebear. The Hebrew stem is always the same for all these and no other stem is ever rendered by these words (according to the rules I have followed). This is a common stem, but not a very complex one.

Another example is אדם Adam. Under this stem we have several related glosses as used in Genesis: ground, earthling, Adam, human, humanity, ruddy stuff, humus, ruddy. These all reflect the ruddy stuff of the ground. Outside of Genesis, there are several additional glosses: dyed red, debris from the ground, sard (a true homonym), agriculture, dust-bowl.

I may be guilty of too much freedom. I started out and continued with strict concordance rules, only breaking them when there was good literary rationale. I have not broken them here because I allow myself multiple glosses for one stem as long as I don't use them for another stem without recording and justifying the exception. As it happens, I have used humus exactly 8 times but this count is accidental. I could not justify my choices mathematically. As I reread these opening passages of Genesis, I think I wanted to render the references of this stem with as much variation as I could muster to avoid what I consider is an error of judgment for a story of this nature, considering Adam as a specific humanoid mammal and Eve as a derivative humanoid mammal. That might explain my odd use of the definite article with a proper name, and my variations on human, humanity, earthling, Adam, ground, and the one from the humus in Gen 4:1.

In that verse, I have a similar problem with wife for אשׁה. I wonder if I should ever have used the gloss wife. It is always the same stem as woman, (as is mate in Gen 7:2).

Genesis 4		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַתַּ֙הַר֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־קַ֔יִן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר קָנִ֥יתִי אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה	1		And the one from the humus knew Eve his wife, and she became big and she gave birth to Cain, and she said, I have acquired someone with Yahweh.	3e	4B	11 18
Isaiah 6		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
וָאֹמַ֕ר עַד־מָתַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י וַיֹּ֡אמֶר עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר֩ אִם־שָׁא֨וּ עָרִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ין יוֹשֵׁ֗ב וּבָתִּים֙ מֵאֵ֣ין אָדָ֔ם וְהָאֲדָמָ֖ה תִּשָּׁאֶ֥ה שְׁמָמָֽה	11		And I said, How long, my Lord? And he said, Until that the noisy cities are without inhabitant, and houses without humanity, and the humus is noised as desolate,	3e	4B	9 33
Jeremiah 16		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
הֲיַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֥וֹ אָדָ֖ם אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְהֵ֖מָּה לֹ֥א אֱלֹהִֽים	20		Will humus make for itself gods? But they are not gods.	3e	4A	10 7
Joel 2		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה גִּ֣ילִי וּשְׂמָ֔חִי כִּֽי־הִגְדִּ֥יל יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת	21		Do not fear, O humus. Rejoice and be glad, for exaggerated are the deeds of Yahweh.	3e	4B	6 13
Zechariah 13		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
וְאָמַ֕ר לֹ֥א נָבִ֖יא אָנֹ֑כִי אִישׁ־עֹבֵ֤ד אֲדָמָה֙ אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אָדָ֖ם הִקְנַ֥נִי מִנְּעוּרָֽי	5		And he will say, Not a prophet am I. A person, a servant of the humus, am I, for humanity acquired me from my youth.	3e	4C	9 18
Psalms 146		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
תֵּצֵ֣א ר֭וּחוֹ יָשֻׁ֣ב לְאַדְמָת֑וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַ֝ה֗וּא אָבְד֥וּ עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָֽיו	4		Its spirit goes forth. It returns to its humus. In that day its gleams perish.	3e	4B	10 10
Job 25		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה וּבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם תּוֹלֵעָֽה פ	6	g	Indeed, for a mortal maggot, or a child of humus... is a worm... P	3e	4B	5 8
Lamentations 3		Fn		Min	Max	Syll
מַה־יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙ אָדָ֣ם חָ֔י גֶּ֖בֶר עַל־חֲטָאָֽיו ס	39		May living humus cavil? a valiant one about its sin? S	3e	4B	14

The other glosses I used rarely: dust-bowls in Psalms 49:12, dyed red for the building of the dwelling (Exodus). Ruddy for a diseased state in Leviticus 13 and a few other places. Debris from the ground is used for the representation of grief e.g. at the loss of the ark of the covenant. Ground is very frequent (just under 25%) as a gloss for אדם. Although I have used earthling (roughly 12%) for אדם, I never use earth for this word. Reserved for this is the ambiguous stem, ארץ which is earth or land depending on the context, with rare exceptions (earthward, earthbound).

More troublesome examples to come.

On making a glossary

A reader asked for a glossary so I have finally gotten around to getting it out of the database. I have wanted to for a while. It is of course still temporary - nothing is ever final.

I managed to get the Hebrew-English glossary down to about 2500 pages. There were a number of technical glitches. At first I tried 23 separate files, but that was painful and they clearly needed some formatting. I tried an html to pdf converter but some of the files would not process and when I put everything into one file, it was too big (44M now down to 29M).

The 'final' file was too big for ms Word to read so I brought it up in chrome and via ctrl-a pasted it into a blank word document. (It's possible Word might open it now). Then I saved as docx. From there although very slow with Word repaginating  or wasting its time counting words every now and then, it was possible to save as pdf. Word crashed if I touched anything before saving it.

To develop the package I had to work out a way to break by stem, and collect the 'where found' into a sufficiently small space. For the big file, there is no formatting required for replacing it. For now I want to be able to reproduce it in as few steps as possible since it is subject to correction as I will demonstrate with this first sample.

Below you can see the longest word with the stem אב - is it this one ולאבותיהם? There's a very strange looking one at the bottom of the list. (Now fixed). I have no idea how this one happened!

Often an error will uncover a pattern of errors. But this one is impossible on all counts. Even my earliest algorithm for recognizing stems would never have deleted a tsade. And certainly not reversed אב to בא. So this looks like a one-off. Tsaade is of course in the 'first 11' (that's a cricket metaphor). It is among the 11 letters that do not act in a grammatical fashion.

(Ignore the links below - they are automatically put in by the blog and I didn't test the abbreviations.)

אב

Word form	Gloss	Where found
אב	a father of	Gen 17:5
אב	a father	Gen 44:19; Num 30:17; Eze 22:10; Mal 1:6, 1:6; Psa 103:13; Pro 10:1, 15:20, 19:26; Job 29:16, 38:28; Lam 5:3
אב	a parent	Pro 4:1, 13:1
אב	ancestral	Jos 22:14
אב	father	Gen 44:20; Isa 38:19; Eze 22:7; Mic 7:6; Mal 2:10; Est 2:7; 1Ch 24:6
אב	the ancestor	2Ch 35:5
אב	the father of	Num 25:15
אב	the father	Num 3:24, 3:30, 3:35, 17:17, 25:14; 1Ch 23:11
אבהתי	my fathers	Dan 2:23
אבהתך	your ancestors	Ezr 4:15
אבהתנא	our ancestors	Ezr 5:12
אבוהי	his father	Dan 5:2
אבוך	your father	Dan 5:11, 5:11, 5:11, 5:18
אבות	fathers	Deu 24:16, 24:16; 2Kgs 14:6, 14:6; 2Ch 25:4, 25:4
אבות	forebears	Exo 34:7; Num 14:18; Deu 5:9
אבות	from ancestors	Pro 19:14
אבות	parents of	Num 31:26; Jos 14:1
אבות	parents	Jer 6:21, 31:29, 32:18, 47:3; Eze 5:10, 18:2; Mal 3:24
אבות	the ancestors of	Exo 6:25; Jos 21:1; 1Ch 8:6
אבות	the ancestors	Neh 12:22; 1Ch 7:7, 8:10, 8:28, 9:9, 9:33, 24:4; 2Ch 25:5, 35:12
אבות	the fathers	Num 36:1; 1Ch 24:31
אבות	the parents of	Num 32:28; Jos 21:1
אבותי	my ancestors	1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; Isa 37:12; Psa 39:13; 2Ch 32:14, 32:15
אבותיהם	their ancestors	Jer 50:7; 1Ch 4:38, 5:13, 5:25; 2Ch 11:16, 13:18, 14:3, 15:12, 17:14, 19:4, 24:18, 24:24, 30:7, 30:22, 31:17, 34:32, 34:33, 36:15
אבותיו	his ancestors	Psa 49:20
אבותיו	their ancestors	Jdg 2:10; 2Ch 30:19
אבותיך	your ancestors	Gen 31:3; Jer 34:5; Pro 22:28
אבותיכם	your ancestors	Exo 3:13; Jos 18:3, 24:2, 24:6, 24:6, 24:14, 24:15; 1Sa 12:7, 12:8; Isa 65:7; Jer 2:5, 3:18, 7:22, 7:25, 11:4, 16:11, 17:22, 34:13, 34:14, 44:9, 44:10; Eze 20:18, 20:27, 20:30, 20:36, 37:25; Hos 9:10; Zec 1:2, 1:5; Psa 95:9; 2Ch 28:9, 35:4
אבותינו	our ancestors	Gen 47:3; Jos 22:28, 24:17; Jdg 6:13; Jer 3:24, 14:20, 16:19; Psa 44:2, 78:5, 106:6, 106:7; Ezr 7:27; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 29:9, 34:21
אבותכם	your ancestors	Deu 1:11
אבותם	fathers	Job 30:1
אבותם	parents	Eze 5:10
אבותם	their ancestors	Num 1:16, 17:18; Jos 22:14; Jdg 2:12, 2:17, 2:20, 2:22, 3:4; 2Kgs 17:14, 17:15, 21:15; Isa 14:21; Jer 9:13, 11:10, 11:10, 23:27, 31:32; Eze 20:4, 20:24; Amo 2:4; Psa 78:12; Pro 17:6; Job 8:8; Ezr 2:59; Neh 7:61; 1Ch 5:15, 5:24, 5:24, 7:2, 7:4, 7:9, 9:13, 12:31, 24:4, 26:13; 2Ch 28:6
אבותם	their fathers	Jdg 21:22; Jer 16:3
אבותם	their parents	Jos 4:21; Mal 3:24
אבי	O my father	2Kgs 6:21
אבי	a father of	Psa 68:6
אבי	my ancestors	Gen 31:42
אבי	my father	Gen 19:34, 20:12, 20:13, 22:7, 24:7, 24:38, 24:40, 27:12, 27:18, 27:31, 27:34, 27:38, 27:38, 27:41, 28:21, 31:5, 32:10, 32:10, 41:51, 44:24, 44:27, 44:30, 44:32, 44:34, 44:34, 45:3, 45:9, 45:13, 46:31, 47:1, 48:18, 50:5, 50:5; Exo 15:2, 18:4; Deu 26:5; Jos 2:12, 2:13; Jdg 6:15, 9:17, 9:18, 11:7, 11:36; 1Sa 9:5, 14:29, 18:18, 19:2, 19:3, 19:3, 20:2, 20:2, 20:9, 20:12, 20:13, 20:13, 22:3, 22:15, 23:17, 23:17, 24:22; 2Sa 3:7, 14:9, 16:3, 19:29, 19:38, 24:17; 1Kgs 2:24, 2:26, 2:26, 2:31, 2:44, 3:6, 3:7, 5:17, 5:19, 8:15, 8:17, 8:18, 8:20, 8:24, 8:25, 8:26, 12:10, 12:11, 12:11, 12:14, 12:14, 15:19, 20:34, 20:34; 2Kgs 2:12, 2:12, 5:13, 13:14, 13:14; Isa 8:4; Jer 2:27, 3:4, 3:19, 20:15; Psa 27:10, 89:27; Job 17:14, 34:36; Dan 5:13; Neh 1:6; 1Ch 21:17, 28:4, 28:4, 28:4; 2Ch 1:8, 1:9, 2:2, 2:6, 2:12, 6:4, 6:7, 6:8, 6:10, 6:15, 6:16, 10:10, 10:11, 10:11, 10:14, 16:3
אבי	the father of	Gen 4:20, 4:21, 9:18, 9:22, 10:21, 11:29, 19:37, 19:38, 22:21, 28:2, 33:19, 34:6, 36:9, 36:43; Deu 22:15, 22:16; Jos 15:13, 17:1, 21:11, 24:2, 24:32; Jdg 9:1, 9:28, 19:3, 19:4, 19:5, 19:6, 19:8, 19:9; 1Sa 9:3, 14:51, 14:51; Rut 4:17, 4:17; 1Ch 2:21, 2:23, 2:24, 2:42, 2:42, 2:44, 2:45, 2:49, 2:49, 2:50, 2:51, 2:51, 2:52, 2:55, 4:3, 4:4, 4:4, 4:4, 4:5, 4:11, 4:12, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:18, 4:18, 4:19, 4:21, 4:21, 7:14, 7:31, 8:29, 9:35
אבי	the parent of	Pro 17:21, 23:24
אביה	her father	Gen 19:33, 29:12, 31:35, 34:11, 38:11; Exo 22:16; Lev 21:9, 22:13, 22:13; Num 30:4, 30:5, 30:5, 30:6, 30:6, 30:17, 36:8; Deu 21:13, 22:21, 22:21; Jos 6:23, 6:25, 15:18; Jdg 1:14, 11:37, 11:39, 15:1, 15:2, 15:6, 19:2, 19:3; Est 2:7
אביהו	his father	Jdg 14:10, 14:19, 16:31; 1Kgs 5:15; Zec 13:3; 1Ch 26:10; 2Ch 3:1
אביהם	is their father	1Sa 10:12
אביהם	their father	Gen 9:23, 9:23, 31:53, 37:2, 37:4, 37:12, 37:32, 42:29, 42:36, 43:2, 43:11, 45:25, 45:27, 46:5, 49:28, 50:15; Exo 40:15; Num 3:4, 27:7, 36:6; Jos 19:47; Jdg 18:29; 1Sa 2:25; 1Kgs 13:12; Jer 35:14, 35:16; Job 42:15; 1Ch 7:22, 24:2, 24:19, 25:3, 25:6, 26:6; 2Ch 21:3
אביהן	their father	Gen 19:33, 19:35; Exo 2:16, 2:18; Num 27:7, 36:12; Jos 17:4
אביו	father	Pro 28:24
אביו	his father's	1Sa 17:15
אביו	his father	Gen 2:24, 9:22, 11:28, 22:7, 26:15, 26:15, 26:18, 26:18, 27:14, 27:18, 27:19, 27:22, 27:26, 27:30, 27:32, 27:34, 27:38, 27:39, 27:41, 28:7, 28:8, 31:18, 31:53, 34:4, 34:13, 34:19, 35:22, 35:27, 36:24, 37:1, 37:2, 37:10, 37:10, 37:22, 37:35, 42:37, 43:8, 44:22, 44:22, 46:1, 46:29, 46:31, 47:7, 47:11, 47:12, 47:12, 48:9, 48:17, 48:17, 48:18, 48:19, 50:1, 50:2, 50:7, 50:8, 50:14, 50:14, 50:22; Exo 21:15, 21:17; Lev 16:32, 20:9, 20:9, 20:11, 20:11, 20:17; Deu 23:1, 23:1, 27:16, 27:20, 27:20, 27:22; Jdg 6:27, 8:32, 9:5, 14:3, 14:3, 14:9, 16:31; 1Sa 14:27, 17:25, 18:2, 19:4, 20:32, 20:33, 20:34, 22:1, 22:11; 2Sa 2:32, 3:29, 10:2, 10:2, 16:22, 17:23, 21:14; 1Kgs 1:6, 2:12, 3:3, 7:51, 11:4, 11:6, 11:17, 11:27, 11:33, 11:43, 12:6, 15:3, 15:3, 15:11, 15:15, 15:24, 15:26, 22:43, 22:47, 22:51, 22:53, 22:54; 2Kgs 3:2, 4:18, 4:19, 9:25, 10:3, 13:25, 14:3, 14:3, 14:5, 14:21, 15:3, 15:34, 15:38, 16:2, 18:3, 21:3, 21:20, 21:21, 21:21, 22:2, 23:30, 23:34, 24:9; Isa 3:6, 22:23, 22:24; Jer 16:7, 22:11; Eze 22:11; Zec 13:3; Pro 20:20; 1Ch 5:1, 9:19, 12:29, 19:2, 19:2, 29:23; 2Ch 2:16, 4:16, 5:1, 8:14, 9:31, 10:6, 15:18, 17:2, 17:3, 17:4, 20:32, 21:4, 22:4, 24:22, 25:3, 26:1, 26:4, 27:2, 28:1, 29:2, 33:3, 33:22, 33:22, 33:23, 34:2, 34:3, 36:1
אביו	its father	Num 27:10; Deu 21:18, 21:19; Pro 30:11
אביו	its parent	Eze 18:14, 18:17, 18:18; Pro 15:5, 28:7, 29:3
אביך	your ancestor	1Sa 2:27
אביך	your ancestors	Gen 12:1, 50:17; Exo 3:6; 1Ch 28:9
אביך	your father is	2Sa 17:10
אביך	your father was	Eze 16:3
אביך	your father's	Num 18:1; 1Sa 2:28, 2:30, 2:31; 1Kgs 18:18; Jer 12:6; Psa 45:11; Pro 1:8, 6:20; Est 4:14
אביך	your father	Gen 24:23, 26:3, 26:24, 27:6, 28:13, 31:30, 38:11, 46:3, 47:5, 47:6, 48:1, 49:4, 49:8, 49:25, 49:26, 50:6, 50:16; Exo 20:12; Lev 18:7, 18:8, 18:8, 18:9, 18:11, 18:11, 18:12, 18:12, 18:14, 20:19; Num 18:2; Deu 5:16, 32:6, 32:7; Jos 2:18, 2:18; Jdg 14:15; 1Sa 9:20, 10:2, 14:28, 20:1, 20:3, 20:6, 20:8, 20:10, 22:16, 22:22; 2Sa 3:8, 9:7, 9:7, 10:3, 13:5, 15:34, 16:19, 16:21, 16:21, 17:8; 1Kgs 3:14, 6:12, 9:4, 9:5, 11:12, 12:4, 12:4, 12:9, 12:10, 15:19, 20:34; 2Kgs 3:13, 20:5; Isa 7:17, 38:5, 43:27, 58:14; Jer 22:15; Pro 23:25; Rut 2:11; 1Ch 19:3; 2Ch 2:13, 7:17, 7:18, 10:4, 10:4, 10:9, 10:10, 16:3, 21:12, 21:12, 21:13
אביך	your parent's	Pro 27:10
אביכם	your ancestors	Gen 31:29, 43:23
אביכם	your father	Gen 31:9, 43:7, 43:27, 44:17, 45:18, 45:19, 49:2; Jos 24:3; Isa 51:2; Jer 35:18
אביכן	your father	Gen 31:5, 31:6
אבינו	our father	Gen 19:31, 19:32, 31:14, 42:13, 42:32, 42:32, 44:25, 44:31; Num 27:3, 27:4, 27:4; Jdg 11:2; Isa 63:16, 63:16, 64:7; Jer 35:6, 35:8, 35:10; 1Ch 29:10
אבת	forebears	Exo 20:5
אבת	the ancestors	Exo 12:3
אבתי	my ancestors	1Kgs 21:3
אבתי	my fathers	Gen 47:9, 47:30, 48:15, 48:16, 49:29; Neh 2:3, 2:5
אבתיהם	their ancestors	Ezr 8:1; Neh 9:2; 1Ch 9:9, 23:24, 24:30, 29:20; 2Ch 7:22, 20:33
אבתיו	his ancestors	Num 1:44, 2:34, 13:2; 1Kgs 1:21, 2:10, 11:21, 11:43, 14:20, 14:31, 14:31, 15:8, 15:12, 15:24, 15:24, 16:6, 16:28, 22:40, 22:51, 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24, 8:24, 9:28, 10:35, 12:19, 12:22, 13:9, 13:13, 14:16, 14:20, 14:22, 14:29, 15:7, 15:7, 15:9, 15:22, 15:38, 15:38, 16:20, 16:20, 20:21, 21:18, 21:22, 23:32, 23:37, 24:6; Dan 11:24, 11:24, 11:37, 11:38; 2Ch 9:31, 12:16, 13:23, 16:13, 21:1, 21:1, 21:10, 21:19, 25:28, 26:2, 26:23, 26:23, 27:9, 28:25, 28:27, 32:33, 33:12, 33:20, 35:24
אבתיו	his fathers	Lev 25:41; Num 1:4, 36:7; Psa 109:14
אבתיו	its fathers	Num 36:8
אבתיך	your ancestors	Gen 15:15; Deu 1:21, 4:31, 4:37, 6:3, 8:3, 8:16, 10:22, 12:1, 27:3, 30:5, 30:9, 31:16; 2Sa 7:12; 1Kgs 13:22; 2Kgs 22:20; 1Ch 17:11; 2Ch 34:28
אבתיך	your fathers	Exo 10:6, 10:6; 2Kgs 20:17; Isa 39:6; Psa 45:17
אבתיכם	your ancestors	Gen 48:21; Exo 3:15, 3:16; Num 32:8, 32:14, 33:54; Deu 4:1, 32:17; 1Sa 12:6, 12:8; 2Kgs 17:13; Joe 1:2; Zec 1:6, 8:14; Mal 3:7; Ezr 8:28, 10:11; Neh 13:18; 2Ch 13:12, 29:5
אבתינו	our ancestors	Gen 46:34; Num 20:15, 36:3, 36:4; Deu 5:3, 26:7; 1Kgs 8:21, 8:53, 8:57, 8:58; 2Kgs 22:13; Isa 64:10; Mal 2:10; Psa 22:5; Lam 5:7; Dan 9:16; Ezr 9:7; Neh 9:9, 10:35; 1Ch 29:15, 29:18; 2Ch 20:6, 29:6
אבתם	their ancestors	Exo 4:5, 6:14; Lev 26:39, 26:40; Num 1:2, 1:18, 1:20, 1:22, 1:24, 1:26, 1:28, 1:30, 1:32, 1:34, 1:36, 1:38, 1:40, 1:42, 1:45, 1:47, 2:2, 2:32, 3:15, 3:20, 4:2, 4:22, 4:29, 4:34, 4:38, 4:40, 4:42, 4:46, 7:2, 17:17, 17:21, 26:2, 26:55, 34:14, 34:14; Deu 29:24; 1Kgs 9:9, 14:22; 2Kgs 17:41; Ezr 10:16
באבותיכם	among your ancestors	Jer 11:7
באבתיך	in your ancestors	Deu 10:15
האב	the parent	Eze 18:4, 18:19, 18:20
האבות	the ancestors	Jos 19:51; 1Kgs 8:1; Ezr 1:5, 2:68, 4:2, 4:3, 8:29, 10:16; Neh 7:69, 7:70, 12:12, 12:23; 1Ch 7:11, 7:40, 8:13, 9:34, 15:12, 23:9, 23:24, 26:21, 26:26, 26:32, 27:1; 2Ch 1:2, 5:2, 19:8, 26:12, 35:5
האבות	the fathers	Num 36:1; Deu 18:8; Ezr 3:12; Neh 8:13; 1Ch 24:6, 24:31, 29:6; 2Ch 23:2
ואב	nor the parent	Eze 18:20
ואבות	nor the ancestors of	Dan 11:24
ואבות	nor the fathers of	Exo 10:6
ואבותי	and my ancestors	2Ch 32:13
ואבותיהם	or their ancestors	Jer 19:4
ואבותיכם	and your ancestors	Jer 16:13, 44:21
ואבותינו	and our ancestors	Jer 3:25; Psa 78:3
ואבותם	and their ancestors	Jer 9:15; Eze 2:3
ואבי	and my father	1Sa 24:12; 1Kgs 2:32
ואבי	and the father of	Gen 11:29; Jos 24:2; 1Ch 2:17, 2:49
ואביה	if her father	Num 12:14
ואביהם	and their father	Gen 42:35
ואביו	and his father	Gen 35:18, 44:20; Lev 19:3; Jdg 14:4, 14:5; 1Kgs 7:14; Amo 2:7; 2Ch 2:13
ואביו	but his father	Gen 37:11
ואביך	and your father is	2Sa 17:8
ואביכן	and your father	Gen 31:7; Eze 16:45
ואבתיהם	and their ancestors	1Ch 9:19
ואבתיך	nor your ancestors	Deu 28:64
ואבתיך	or your ancestors	Deu 13:7, 28:36
ואבתיכם	or their ancestors	Jer 44:3
ואבתינו	and our ancestors	Jer 44:17; Dan 9:6; Neh 9:16, 9:34
ובאבתיכם	and your ancestors	1Sa 12:15
והאבות	and the fathers	Jer 7:18
והאבות	both the parents	Jer 13:14
וכאב	as a father	Pro 3:12
ולאבותיהם	and to their ancestors	Jer 24:10
ולאבותיכם	and to your ancestors	Jer 7:14, 23:39, 25:5
ולאביו	and his father	1Sa 14:1
ולאביו	and to his father	Gen 45:23
ולאביו	or his father	Lev 21:2
ולאבתיהם	and for their ancestors	2Ch 6:25
ולאבתיך	and to your ancestors	Exo 13:11
ולאבתיכם	and to your ancestors	Jer 35:15
ולאבתינו	and for our ancestors	Dan 9:8; Neh 9:32
ולאבתינו	and our ancestors	Num 20:15
כאב	as father	Job 31:18
כאבותיכם	like your ancestors	2Ch 30:7, 30:8
כאבותם	like their ancestors	Psa 78:8, 78:57
כאביו	like his father	2Kgs 3:2
כאבתיכם	like your ancestors	Zec 1:4
לאב	a father of	Gen 17:4
לאב	a father	Isa 22:21; Pro 30:17; 1Ch 28:6
לאב	as a father	Gen 45:8; Jer 31:9
לאב	father	Jdg 17:10, 18:19; 2Sa 7:14; 1Ch 17:13, 22:10
לאב	for a father	Eze 44:25
לאב	to a father	Isa 45:10
לאבות	of the ancestors	Neh 11:13; 1Ch 26:31
לאבותיהם	for their ancestors	1Ch 6:4
לאבותיהם	to their ancestors	1Kgs 14:15
לאבותיכם	to your ancestors	Jer 7:7, 11:5; Eze 20:42
לאבותם	to their ancestors	Jos 1:6, 5:6, 21:43, 21:44; 1Kgs 8:34, 8:48; 2Kgs 21:8; Jer 16:15, 30:3, 32:22; 2Ch 6:38
לאבי	my father	Gen 45:13; Jdg 14:16; 1Kgs 19:20
לאבי	of my father	Pro 4:3
לאבי	the father of	Deu 22:29
לאבי	to my father	Gen 44:32
לאבי	to the father of	Deu 22:19
לאביה	her father	Gen 29:12
לאביה	was her father's	Gen 29:9
לאביה	were her father's	Gen 31:19
לאביהם	to their father	1Kgs 13:11
לאביו	for his father	Gen 45:23, 50:10; Lev 21:11
לאביו	his father	Jdg 14:2, 14:6
לאביו	of his father's	1Sa 17:34
לאביו	of his father	Deu 33:9
לאביו	of its father's	Num 6:7
לאביו	of its father	Num 27:11
לאביו	to his father	Gen 27:31, 27:31, 27:34; Jdg 9:56; Pro 17:25, 19:13
לאביך	for your father	Gen 27:9
לאביך	to your father	Gen 27:10
לאביך	your father's	Jdg 6:25, 6:25
לאביך	your father	Pro 23:22
לאבינו	our father's	Gen 31:1
לאבינו	our father	Gen 43:28
לאבינו	was our father's	Gen 31:1
לאבתיהם	to their ancestors	Neh 9:23
לאבתיו	to its ancestors	Deu 31:20
לאבתיו	to our ancestors	Num 11:12
לאבתיך	to your ancestors	Exo 13:5; Deu 6:10, 6:18, 7:12, 7:13, 8:18, 9:5, 13:18, 19:8, 19:8, 28:11, 29:12, 30:20
לאבתיכם	to your ancestors	Deu 1:8, 1:35, 7:8, 8:1, 11:9, 11:21; Jdg 2:1; Eze 36:28, 47:14
לאבתיכם	your ancestors	2Ch 33:8
לאבתינו	to our ancestors	Deu 6:23, 26:3, 26:15; 1Kgs 8:40; Mic 7:20; Neh 9:36; 2Ch 6:31
לאבתם	to their ancestors	Num 14:23; Deu 10:11, 31:7
מאבותיכם	more than your ancestors	Jer 16:12
מאבותם	from their ancestors	Job 15:18
מאבותם	more than their ancestors	Jdg 2:19
מאבותם	than their ancestors	Jer 7:26
מאביהן	from their father	Gen 19:36
מאביך	over your father	2Sa 6:21
מאביך	than your father	Job 15:10
מאבינו	from our father	Gen 19:32, 19:34, 31:16
מאבתי	than my ancestors	1Kgs 19:4
מאבתיך	more than your ancestors	Deu 30:5
צבאותיכם	your ancestors hosts	Exo 12:17 - should be under צבא