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Friday, 2 October 2020

Unpointing the Hebrew text (gdl)

 Taking at random another stem, let's see how it behaves. I will consolidate the distinct lines in the table this time. The process may be revelatory eventually. There may be over 4000 stems, but explicit rules apply to only 762 of them out of the 3000+ so far considered.

For gdl, there are still 184 distinct rows. But that is down from over 500 individual instances. So you will need to look up the chapter and verse in a concordance (if you care to) since I have reduced the references to a count.

What are the rules for the stem g-d-l? There are both explicit rules and generic rules. The explicit ones are easy to find, the implicit may be a little trickier. I had 5 explicit rules about allowing hireq to be realized as i. Now I see that they reduce to two rules - always allow hireq to become i for this stem. But prevent the prefix 'hi'. There is one other explicit rule: allow qamats under the second letter to become 'o'. 

You will note that the SimHebrew allows o, u, and v where the regular unpointed Hebrew has no distinction. These differences are shown with a background colour. I ignore differences in the placement of maqef. I have accepted the WLC for the most part. The other source, Mechon-Mamre, occasionally misses a necessary maqef (for words with no accent) and occasionally adds others.

Implicit rules are for all stems but may not be executed if the general condition does not apply. For instance, 

  • in the first word in the table, the hireq for the closed syllable mg is not rendered. This is true with some exceptions, and gdl is not one of them.
  • the qubuts is realized always as /u/.
  • the holem is rendered as /o/. For some stems the holem is not rendered. Note that holem and vav with holem are identically transformed.
  • there are lots of general rules about ii and gdl uses none of them. Double i is implicitly disallowed. It may be explicitly allowed for a few stems (only 9 - and these may disappear with more data if I find a better way to get to the double i).
  • Double i is often required for the preterite but it does not appear here. (See the last two entries in the table below.)
  • there are lots of general rules around plural forms and common middle of word forms. None of these appears to be needed for gdl
  • tsere and segol are ignored for gdl.
It may be that such a 'strong' verb where each consonant is explicitly in every word form does not require all the subtleties of the vowel system.

Instances of stem gdl in the test data (approx 140k words) sorted by Hebrew word.

Countword-formmorphunpointedSimHebrewHebrew wordDomaintranslation
(1)vbmgdlvtvbm/gdl\vtvbmgdlvtubmgdlotוּבַמִּגְדָּלוֹת DEFENSE
ובמגדלות and in the towers
(1)vmgdlvm/gdlvmgdlumgdlוּמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
ומגדל and a tower
(1)gdlcgdl\cgdlçgdlçגַּדֶּלְךָ MEASURE
גדלך magnify you
(1)gdltigdl\tigdvltigdultiגְּדֻלָּתִי MEASURE
גדלתי my greatness
(1)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול who was great
(1)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְדֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה great
(2)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה a great
(21)gdvlhgdvl\hgdolhgdolhגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה great
(1)gdvlihgdvl\ih-gdvlih-gdolih־גְּדוֹלֶיהָ MEASURE
גדוליה her great ones
(1)hgdilh/gdlhgdilhgdilהִגְדִּיל MEASURE
הגדיל magnified
(1)hgdlhh/gdl\hhgdvlhhgdulhהַגְּדֻלָּה MEASURE
הגדלה is the greatness
(2)hgdlimh/gdl\imhgdolimhgdolimהַגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
הגדלים great
(1)hgdlimh/gdl\imhgdvlimhgdolimהַגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
הגדלים the greatest
(1)hgdlimh/gdl\im-hgdvlim-hgdolim־הַגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
הגדלים great
(1)hgdlvth/gdl\vt-hgdvlvt-hgdulot־הַגְּדֻלּוֹת MEASURE
הגדלות great things
(6)hgdvlhh/gdvl\hhgdvlhhgdolhהַגְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
הגדולה great
(1)igdlvi/gdl\vigdlvigdluיִגְדָּלוּ MEASURE
יגדלו they had grown up
(1)itgdlit/gdl-itgdl-itgdl־יִתְגַּדֵּל MEASURE
יתגדל will magnify itself
(1)tgdlnvt/gdl\nvtgdlnvtgdlnuתְגַדְּלֶנּוּ MEASURE
תגדלנו you make him great
(1)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוִיגַדֵּל MEASURE
ויגדל and let become greater
(1)vigdlvvi/gdl\vvigdilvvigdiluוַיַּגְדִּלוּ MEASURE
ויגדלו and promoted themselves
(1)vlhgdilvlh/gdlvlhgdilulhgdilוּלְהַגְדִּיל MEASURE
ולהגדיל and to inflate
(1)hmgdlhm/gdl-hmgdl-hmgdl־הַמִּגְדָּל DEFENSE
המגדל tower
(1)vmgdlvm/gdlvmgdlumgdlוּמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
ומגדל and from the tower of
(1)vmgdlvm/gdlvmgdlumgdlוּמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
ומגדל and the tower of
(1)bgdlvtb/gdl\vtbgdvlvtbgdolotבִּגְדֹלוֹת MEASURE
בגדלות in great things
(1)gdlimgdl\imgdvlimgdolimגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
גדלים the great
(1)gdlvgdl\vgdlvgdluגַּדְּלוּ MEASURE
גדלו greatly magnify
(4)gdlvgdl\vgdlvgdluגָּדְלוּ MEASURE
גדלו promoted
(1)gdlvtgdl\vt-gdvlvt-gdolot־גְּדֹלוֹת MEASURE
גדלות great
(5)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great is
(1)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול is great
(1)hgdlvth/gdl\vthgdvlvthgdolotהַגְּדֹלוֹת MEASURE
הגדלות great
(1)hgdilvh/gdlvhgdilvhgdiluהִגְדִּילוּ MEASURE
הגדילו they magnify themselves
(1)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdvlhgdolהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול magnified
(1)hgdvlimh/gdvl\imhgdvlimhgdolimהַגְּדוֹלִים MEASURE
הגדולים the great
(2)igdli/gdligdligdlיִגְדַּל MEASURE
יגדל be magnified
(1)mgdlimm/gdl\immgvdlimmgudlimמְגֻדָּלִים MEASURE
מגדלים developed
(1)vgdlv/gdlvgdvlugdolוּגְדָל MEASURE
וגדל but great in
(1)vgdltcv/gdl\tcvgdvltçugdultçוּגְדוּלָּתְךָ MEASURE
וגדלתך and your greatness
(1)vigdilvv/gdlvvigdilvvigdiluוַיַּגְדִּילוּ MEASURE
ויגדילו and promote themselves
(1)vgdvlv/gdvlvgdvlvgdolוְגָדוֹל MEASURE
וגדול or great
(1)vgdvlv/gdvlvgdolvgdolוְגָדוֹל MEASURE
וגדול or greater
(2)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוַיִּגְדַּל MEASURE
ויגדל and grew
(2)cgdvlc/gdvlcgdvlcgdolכַּגָּדוֹל MEASURE
כגדול or the greater
(1)gdlimgdl\imgdilimgdilimגְּדִלִים MEASURE
גדלים great
(6)gdlimgdl\imgdolimgdolimגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
גדלים great
(1)gdltgdl\tgdvltgdultגְּדֻלַּת MEASURE
גדלת the greatness of
(2)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great is
(6)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great
(1)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול as great
(41)gdvlgdvlgdolgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great
(1)gdvlgdvlgdolgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול was great
(4)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול the greatest
(4)gdvlgdvl-gdol-gdol־גָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול the greatest
(21)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה great
(1)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה greater
(1)hgdilh/gdlhgdilhgdilהִגְדִּיל MEASURE
הגדיל exaggerated
(1)hgdlth/gdl\t-hgdlt-hgdlt־הִגְדַּלְתָּ MEASURE
הגדלת you magnify
(1)hgdlvth/gdl\vt-hgdvlvt-hgdolot־הַגְּדֹלוֹת MEASURE
הגדלות the great things
(1)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdvlhgdolהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול greater
(1)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdvlhgdolהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול older
(1)hgdvlhh/gdvl\hhgdvlhhgdolhהַגְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
הגדולה that great
(1)vgdvlv/gdvlvgdvlvgdolוְגָדוֹל MEASURE
וגדול and was great
(1)vagdlnvva/gdl\nvvagdlnvvagdlnuוַאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ MEASURE
ואגדלנו and will magnify him
(1)vhgdvlvh/gdvlvhgdvlvhgdolוְהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
והגדול and the greatest
(3)mgdlm/gdlmgdlmgdlמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
מגדל the tower of
(1)mgdlm/gdl-mgdl-mgdl־מִגְדַּל DEFENSE
מגדל the tower of
(1)mgdlihm/gdl\ihmgdlihmgdlihמִגְדָּלֶיהָ DEFENSE
מגדליה her towers
(2)mmgdlmm/gdlmmgdlmmgdlמִמִּגְדַּל DEFENSE
ממגדל from tower
(1)cgdlc/gdlcgvdlcgodlכְּגֹדֶל MEASURE
כגדל according to the greatness of
(1)gdlgdlgdvlgdolגְּדָל MEASURE
גדל great
(1)gdligdl\i-gdvli-gdoli־גְּדֹלֵי MEASURE
גדלי the privileged of
(1)gdlnigdl\nigdlnigdlniגְּדֵלַנִי MEASURE
גדלני he grew up with me
(2)gdlvgdl\vgidlvgidloגִּדְּלוֹ MEASURE
גדלו promoted for him
(1)gdlvgdl\v-gdlv-gdlu־גָּדְלוּ MEASURE
גדלו great
(1)gdlvtgdl\vtgdvlvtgdolotגְּדֹלוֹת MEASURE
גדלות greatness
(1)gdlvtgdl\vtgdvlvtgdulotגְּדֻלּוֹת MEASURE
גדלות great
(1)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול a great
(3)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול a great
(8)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great
(8)gdvlgdvl-gdol-gdol־גָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great
(1)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול greater
(1)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול a great
(1)gdvlimgdvl\imgdvlimgdolimגְּדוֹלִים MEASURE
גדולים great
(1)gdvltvgdvl\tvgdvltvgdultoגְּדוּלָּתוֹ MEASURE
גדולתו his greatness
(1)hgdlh/gdlhgdolhgdolהַגָּדֹל MEASURE
הגדל great
(1)hgdlhh/gdl\hhgdvlhhgdolhהַגְּדֹלָה MEASURE
הגדלה great
(1)hgdltih/gdl\tihgdltihgdltiהִגְדַּלְתִּי MEASURE
הגדלתי have made myself great
(38)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdolhgdolהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול great
(1)hgdvlh/gdvl-hgdvl-hgdol־הַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול great
(1)hmgdilimhm/gdlmhmgdilimhmgdilimהַמַּגְדִּילִים MEASURE
המגדילים who magnify themselves
(1)igdlvi/gdl\v-igdlv-igdlu־יְגַדְּלוּ MEASURE
יגדלו had grown up
(1)lgdll/gdllgdllgdlלְגַדֵּל MEASURE
לגדל to make great
(1)mgdilm/gdlmgdilmgdilמַגְדִּיל MEASURE
מגדיל for the one who magnifies
(1)vgdlv/gdlvgdlvgdlוְגָדֵל MEASURE
וגדל and grew
(1)vgdlivv/gdl\ivvgdvlivugdolivוּגְדֹלָיו MEASURE
וגדליו and his great ones
(1)vgdvlv/gdvlvgdvlvgdolוְגָדוֹל MEASURE
וגדול and became greater
(2)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוַיִּגְדַּל MEASURE
ויגדל and became greater
(1)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוַיִּגְדַּל MEASURE
ויגדל visualize - greater
(1)vlgdltvvl/gdl\tvvlgdvltvvlgdultoוְלִגְדֻלָּתוֹ MEASURE
ולגדלתו and his greatness
(1)mgdlvtm/gdl\vtmgdlvtmgdlotמִגְדְּלוֹת DEFENSE
מגדלות towers
(1)vmgdlvm/gdlumgdlumgdlוּמִגְדָּל DEFENSE
ומגדל and a tower
(1)cgdvlc/gdvlcgdvlcgdolכַּגָּדוֹל MEASURE
כגדול to the greater
(1)gdlgdl-gdvl-gdol־גָדֹל MEASURE
גדל great
(1)gdligdl\igdligdliגִּדְלֵי MEASURE
גדלי great of
(1)gdlimgdl\imgdvlimgdolimגְדֹלִים MEASURE
גדלים the great
(1)gdlimgdl\imgdvlimgdolimגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
גדלים great are
(1)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול the great
(2)gdvlhgdvl\h-gdvlh-gdolh־גְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה great
(1)hgdilh/gdlhgdilhgdilהִגְדִּיל MEASURE
הגדיל has exaggerated
(38)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdvlhgdolהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול great
(3)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdvlhgdolהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול the great
(3)hgdvlhh/gdvl\hhgdvlhhgdolhהַגְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
הגדולה the great
(1)igdli/gdligdligdlיִגְדַּל MEASURE
יגדל he will be great
(1)mgdvlm/gdvlmgdvlmgdolמִגָּדוֹל MEASURE
מגדול from the greatest
(1)mgdvlmm/gdvl\mmgdvlmmgdolmמִגְּדוֹלָם MEASURE
מגדולם from the greatest of them
(1)vgdlv/gdlvgdvlugdolוּגְדָל MEASURE
וגדל and of great
(1)vgdvlhv/gdvl\hvgdvlhugdulhוּגְדוּלָּה MEASURE
וגדולה or privilege
(1)vhgdvlvh/gdvlvhgdvlvhgdolוְהַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
והגדול and the great one
(1)vigdlvvi/gdl\vvigdlvvigdluוַיִּגְדְּלוּ MEASURE
ויגדלו and grew
(1)vtgdlivt/gdl\ivtgdlivtgdliוַתִּגְדְּלִי MEASURE
ותגדלי and you have become great
(1)cmgdlcm/gdlcmgdlcmgdlכְּמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
כמגדל like a tower of
(1)hmgdlvthm/gdl\vt-hmgdlvt-hmgdlot־הַמִּגְדָּלוֹת DEFENSE
המגדלות the towers
(1)tgdilvt/gdlvtgdilvtgdiluתַּגְדִּילוּ DEFENSE
תגדילו you tower
(2)vmgdlimvm/gdl\imvmgdlimumgdlimוּמִגְדָּלִים DEFENSE
ומגדלים and towers
(1)gdlgdlgdolgdolגְּדֹל MEASURE
גדל great
(1)gdlvgdl\vgvdlvgudloגֻּדְלוֹ MEASURE
גדלו his greatness
(4)gdlvtgdl\vtgdvlvtgdolotגְדֹלוֹת MEASURE
גדלות great things
(41)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great
(1)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול greater
(1)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה is great
(1)hgdilh/gdl-hgdil-hgdil־הִגְדִּיל MEASURE
הגדיל exaggerated
(1)hgdltih/gdl\tihgdltihgdltiהִגְדַּלְתִּי MEASURE
הגדלתי I made myself great
(1)hgdlvth/gdl\vthgdolothgdolotהַגְּדֹלוֹת MEASURE
הגדלות the one older
(1)igdli/gdligdligdlיִגְדַּל MEASURE
יגדל great
(2)lmgdvllm/gdvllmgdvllmgdolלְמִגָּדוֹל MEASURE
למגדול from the greatest
(1)mgdlimm/gdl\immgdlimmgdlimמְגַדְּלִים MEASURE
מגדלים those who had developed
(1)tgdlt/gdl-tgdl-tgdl־תַּגְדֵּל MEASURE
תגדל you should have sounded off
(1)vgdvlv/gdvlvgdvlvgdolוְגָדוֹל MEASURE
וגדול and great
(1)vgdvlhv/gdvl\hvgdvlhugdolhוּגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
וגדולה and she was magnified
(1)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוַיְגַדֵּל MEASURE
ויגדל and magnified
(1)cmgdlvtcm/gdl\vtcmgdlvtcmgdlotכַּמִּגְדָּלוֹת DEFENSE
כמגדלות as towers
(2)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdvlhgdolהַגָּדוֹל GOD
הגדול the Great
(2)hgdvlh/gdvlhgdolhgdolהַגָּדוֹל GOD
הגדול the Great
(1)gdlgdlgidlgidlגִּדַּל MEASURE
גדל promoted
(1)gdlgdl-godl-godl־גֹדֶל MEASURE
גדל the inflated
(6)gdlimgdl\imgdvlimgdolimגְּדֹלִים MEASURE
גדלים great
(4)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול is great
(1)hgdvlh/gdvl-hgdvl-hgdol־הַגָּדוֹל MEASURE
הגדול the great
(1)hgdvlhh/gdvl\hhgdolhhgdolhהַגְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
הגדולה older
(1)lhgdillh/gdllhgdillhgdilלְהַגְדִּיל MEASURE
להגדיל must be great
(1)vgdltiv/gdl\tivgdltivgdltiוְגָדַלְתִּי MEASURE
וגדלתי so I was great
(1)vigdlhvvi/gdl\hvvigdlhvvigdlhuוַיְגַדְּלֵהוּ MEASURE
ויגדלהו and made him to be greatly
(2)cmgdlcm/gdlcmgdlcmgdlכְּמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
כמגדל like the tower of
(2)hmgdlhm/gdlhmgdlhmgdlהַמִּגְדָּל DEFENSE
המגדל the tower
(3)hmgdlhm/gdl-hmgdl-hmgdl־הַמִּגְדָּל DEFENSE
המגדל the tower
(1)hmgdlimhm/gdl\im-hmgdlim-hmgdlim־הַמִּגְדָּלִים DEFENSE
המגדלים the towers
(3)mgdlm/gdlmgdlmgdlמִגְדַּל DEFENSE
מגדל a tower of
(2)mgdlimm/gdl\immgdlimmgdlimמִגְדָּלִים DEFENSE
מגדלים towers
(1)cgdlc/gdlcgdolcgdolכַּגָּדֹל MEASURE
כגדל or the greatest
(1)gdlgdlgidlgidlגִּדַּל MEASURE
גדל magnified
(1)gdlgdlgdl-gdl־גָדַל MEASURE
גדל great
(1)gdlivgdl\iv-gdvliv-gdoliv־גְּדֹלָיו MEASURE
גדליו his privileged
(1)gdltgdl\tgdolotgdolotגְּדֹלֹת MEASURE
גדלת great
(1)gdltgdl\tgdltgdltגָּדַלְתָּ MEASURE
גדלת you are great
(1)gdltvgdl\tvgidltvgidltoגִדַּלְתּוֹ MEASURE
גדלתו you did make great
(1)gdlvtgdl\vtgdvlvtgdolotגְדֹלוֹת MEASURE
גדלות greatness
(10)gdlvtgdl\vtgdvlvtgdolotגְּדֹלוֹת MEASURE
גדלות great
(1)gdvlgdvlgdvlgdolגָדוֹל MEASURE
גדול was great
(5)gdvlgdvl-gdvl-gdol־גָּדוֹל MEASURE
גדול great
(1)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה greatly
(8)gdvlhgdvl\hgdvlhgdolhגְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה great
(4)gdvlhgdvl\h-gdvlh-gdolh־גְדוֹלָה MEASURE
גדולה great
(1)gdvlimgdvl\imgdvlimgdolimגְּדוֹלִים MEASURE
גדולים great ones
(2)hgdilh/gdlhgdilhgdilהִגְדִּיל MEASURE
הגדיל greatly
(1)hgdilh/gdlhgdilhgdilהִגְדִּיל MEASURE
הגדיל magnifying himself
(1)hgdlh/gdlhgdolhgdolהַגָּדֹל MEASURE
הגדל greater
(6)hgdvlhh/gdvl\hhgdolhhgdolhהַגְּדוֹלָה MEASURE
הגדולה great
(1)hgdvlhh/gdvl\h-hgdvlh-hgdulh־הַגְּדוּלָּה MEASURE
הגדולה greatness
(2)igdli/gdligdligdlיִגְדַּל MEASURE
יגדל great is
(1)tgdlt/gdl-tgdl-tgdl־תִגְדַּל MEASURE
תגדל are magnified
(1)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוְיִגְדַּל MEASURE
ויגדל and let be magnified
(1)vigdlvi/gdlvigdlvigdlוִיגַדֵּל MEASURE
ויגדל and may became greater

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