Verse 23, the rich stem קרב can be simply near, leaving the verse to imply that far away places from Jerusalem are not subject to Yahweh. This is the line that JB and NIV take. The sense is there in the second half of the verse through the word distant, or afar, or even put at / kept at a distance, but the first half could well be rendered with approach, come / draw near or close combat. קרב is also oblation. Verse 24 reinforces the decision of JB and NIV.
verse 27, the enclitic preposition ב is frequently in, but it can like any preposition be just about anything. Prepositions are like the floor glue used to lay tiles. They stick and they stretch and they can be hard to get off your shoes. Should this be in Baal? Should Xanun and his cronies stink in David (2 Samuel 10), but the preposition is different in 1 Chronicles 19?
verse 31, נעם three times in one verse! A tonguey sort of word. na-um.
Verse 1-2, I had not yet used the word pastor. It fits well with pasture. Same stem רעה for both shepherd, and pasture. (And a bunch of other important glosses like associate, trad. neighbour, and friend.) My usage so far is: associate (108), befriend (1), feed (1), friend (73), graze (12), pastor (2), pasture (26), resolution (1), shepherd (71), shepherds' (2), tend (21).
Verse 8, I Hebrew, he Greek. The Greek is more normal usage. Curious how translators correct things.
| Jeremiah 23 | Fn | Min | Max | Syll | ||
| ה֣וֹי רֹעִ֗ים מְאַבְּדִ֧ים וּמְפִצִ֛ים אֶת־צֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתִ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 1 | B | Alas pastors who eliminate or disperse the sheep of my pasture, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3c | 4B | 19 |
| לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַֽל־הָרֹעִים֮ הָרֹעִ֣ים אֶת־עַמִּי֒ אַתֶּ֞ם הֲפִצֹתֶ֤ם אֶת־צֹאנִי֙ וַתַּדִּח֔וּם וְלֹ֥א פְקַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם הִנְנִ֨י פֹקֵ֧ד עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם אֶת־רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 2 | ~ | Therefore thus says Yahweh the God of Israel concerning the pastors who pasture my people, You have dispersed my flock and banished them, and have not visited them. Note me well, I will visit upon you the evil of your practices, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3c | 4C | 43 18 |
| וַאֲנִ֗י אֲקַבֵּץ֙ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית צֹאנִ֔י מִכֹּל֙ הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־הִדַּ֥חְתִּי אֹתָ֖ם שָׁ֑ם וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י אֶתְהֶ֛ן עַל־נְוֵהֶ֖ן וּפָר֥וּ וְרָבֽוּ | 3 | And I myself will collect the residue of my flock from all the lands where I banished them, and I will return them to their homes, and they will be fruitful and multiply. | 3d | 4B | 26 17 | |
| וַהֲקִמֹתִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם רֹעִ֖ים וְרָע֑וּם וְלֹא־יִֽירְא֨וּ ע֧וֹד וְלֹא־יֵחַ֛תּוּ וְלֹ֥א יִפָּקֵ֖דוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 4 | And I will raise up pastors over them, and they will pasture them, and they will not fear any more nor be dismayed, and they will not be visited, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3c | 4A | 13 19 | |
| הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַהֲקִמֹתִ֥י לְדָוִ֖ד צֶ֣מַח צַדִּ֑יק וּמָ֤לַךְ מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהִשְׂכִּ֔יל וְעָשָׂ֛ה מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ | 5 | Behold days are coming, an oracle of Yahweh, when I will raise for David a sprout, a righteous one, and a king will reign and give insight, and he will do judgment and righteousness in the land. | 3d | 4C | 22 19 | |
| בְּיָמָיו֙ תִּוָּשַׁ֣ע יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׁכֹּ֣ן לָבֶ֑טַח וְזֶה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ אֲֽשֶׁר־יִקְרְא֖וֹ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ צִדְקֵֽנוּ | 6 | In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell in trust, and this is his name that he will be called, Yahweh is our righteousness. | 3e | 4B | 18 14 | |
| לָכֵ֛ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹא־יֹ֤אמְרוּ עוֹד֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלָ֛ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם | 7 | Therefore behold, days are coming, an oracle of Yahweh, and they will not say any more, Yahweh lives who brought up the children of Israel from the land of Egypt, | 3c | 4C | 12 26 | |
| כִּ֣י אִם־חַי־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶעֱלָה֩ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵבִ֜יא אֶת־זֶ֨רַע בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹנָה וּמִכֹּל֙ הָֽאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִדַּחְתִּ֖ים שָׁ֑ם וְיָשְׁב֖וּ עַל־אַדְמָתָֽם | 8 | B | But rather, Yahweh lives who brought up, and who conducted the seed of the house of Israel from the land towards the north, and from all the lands where I banished them, and they will settle on their own ground. | 3e | 4C | 42 7 |
| לַנְּבִאִ֞ים נִשְׁבַּ֧ר לִבִּ֣י בְקִרְבִּ֗י רָֽחֲפוּ֙ כָּל־עַצְמוֹתַ֔י הָיִ֙יתִי֙ כְּאִ֣ישׁ שִׁכּ֔וֹר וּכְגֶ֖בֶר עֲבָ֣רוֹ יָ֑יִן מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י דִּבְרֵ֥י קָדְשֽׁוֹ | 9 | For the prophets, broken is my heart within me, brooding are all my bones. I am as a drunkard or as a valiant one. Wine has passed through, from the face of Yahweh and from the face of the words of his holiness. | 3c | 4B | 32 11 | |
| כִּ֤י מְנָֽאֲפִים֙ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֤י אָלָה֙ אָבְלָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ יָבְשׁ֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר וַתְּהִ֤י מְרֽוּצָתָם֙ רָעָ֔ה וּגְבוּרָתָ֖ם לֹא־כֵֽן | 10 | C | For the land is full of adulterers, for from the face of imprecation, the land laments. The haunts of the wilderness are dried up, and their racing is evil. Their valour is not so. | 3e | 4C | 26 14 |
| כִּֽי־גַם־נָבִ֥יא גַם־כֹּהֵ֖ן חָנֵ֑פוּ גַּם־בְּבֵיתִ֛י מָצָ֥אתִי רָעָתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 11 | For both prophet and priest are hypocrites. Even in my house I have found their evil, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3d | 4A | 9 14 | |
| לָכֵן֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה דַרְכָּ֜ם לָהֶ֗ם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ בָּֽאֲפֵלָ֔ה יִדַּ֖חוּ וְנָ֣פְלוּ בָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם רָעָ֛ה שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 12 | Therefore their way for themselves will be slippery in the gloom. They will be banished and they will fall in it, for I will bring evil over them, the year of their visitation, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3d | 4B | 24 17 | |
| וּבִנְבִיאֵ֥י שֹׁמְר֖וֹן רָאִ֣יתִי תִפְלָ֑ה הִנַּבְּא֣וּ בַבַּ֔עַל וַיַּתְע֥וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֖י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 13 | And in the prophets of Samaria I have seen fickleness. They prophesied in Baal, and they made my people Israel wander. | 3e | 4B | 11 16 | |
| וּבִנְבִאֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם רָאִ֣יתִי שַׁעֲרוּרָ֗ה נָא֞וֹף וְהָלֹ֤ךְ בַּשֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ וְחִזְּקוּ֙ יְדֵ֣י מְרֵעִ֔ים לְבִ֨לְתִּי־שָׁ֔בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ הָֽיוּ־לִ֤י כֻלָּם֙ כִּסְדֹ֔ם וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּעֲמֹרָֽה | 14 | And in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrendous thing, adultery and walking in falsehood. And they encourage the hands of evildoers, that none may turn, each from its evil. They are to me, all of them, as Sodom, and her inhabitants, as Gomorrah. | 3e | 4C | 40 15 | |
| לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הִנְנִ֨י מַאֲכִ֤יל אוֹתָם֙ לַֽעֲנָ֔ה וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹ֑אשׁ כִּ֗י מֵאֵת֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יָצְאָ֥ה חֲנֻפָּ֖ה לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ | 15 | Therefore thus says Yahweh of hosts concerning the prophets, Note me well, I will feed them wormwood, and make them drink the waters of gall, for from the prophets of Jerusalem emerges hypocrisy to all the land. | 3e | 4C | 30 20 | |
| כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֞וּ עַל־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַנְּבִאִים֙ הַנִּבְּאִ֣ים לָכֶ֔ם מַהְבִּלִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה אֶתְכֶ֑ם חֲז֤וֹן לִבָּם֙ יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ לֹ֖א מִפִּ֥י יְהוָֽה | 16 | Thus says Yahweh of hosts, Do not hear the words of the prophets that prophesy to you. They make you futile. The vision of their heart they speak, not from the mouth of Yahweh. | 3e | 4C | 30 13 | |
| אֹמְרִ֤ים אָמוֹר֙ לִֽמְנַאֲצַ֔י דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׁל֖וֹם יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְ֠כֹל הֹלֵ֞ךְ בִּשְׁרִר֤וּת לִבּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם רָעָֽה | 17 | Saying to those who spurn me, Yahweh spoke, Peace there will be for you. And all walking in the stubbornness of their heart, they say, Evil will not come upon you. | 3e | 4C | 18 18 | |
| כִּ֣י מִ֤י עָמַד֙ בְּס֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה וְיֵ֖רֶא וְיִשְׁמַ֣ע אֶת־דְּבָר֑וֹ מִֽי־הִקְשִׁ֥יב דְּבָר֖וֹ וַיִּשְׁמָֽע | 18 | B | For who has stood in the council of Yahweh and has seen and heard his word? Who has paid attention to his word and has heard? | 3e | 4C | 18 9 |
| הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ סַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה חֵמָה֙ יָֽצְאָ֔ה וְסַ֖עַר מִתְחוֹלֵ֑ל עַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ רְשָׁעִ֖ים יָחֽוּל | 19 | Behold a heated tempest of Yahweh has emerged, and a tempest enduring birth. On the head of the wicked it will be brought to birth. | 3d | 4B | 17 7 | |
| לֹ֤א יָשׁוּב֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־עֲשֹׂת֥וֹ וְעַד־הֲקִימ֖וֹ מְזִמּ֣וֹת לִבּ֑וֹ בְּאַֽחֲרִית֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים תִּתְבּ֥וֹנְנוּ בָ֖הּ בִּינָֽה | 20 | C | The anger of Yahweh will not turn until he has done and until he has placed the intention of his heart. In the aftermath of the days you will discern in it, its own discernment. | 3e | 4C | 20 13 |
| לֹא־שָׁלַ֥חְתִּי אֶת־הַנְּבִאִ֖ים וְהֵ֣ם רָ֑צוּ לֹא־דִבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְהֵ֥ם נִבָּֽאוּ | 21 | I have not sent the prophets and they raced. I did not speak to them and they prophesied. | 3e | 4B | 11 11 | |
| וְאִֽם־עָמְד֖וּ בְּסוֹדִ֑י וְיַשְׁמִ֤עוּ דְבָרַי֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וִֽישִׁבוּם֙ מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם הָרָ֔ע וּמֵרֹ֖עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם | 22 | But if they had stood in my council, and had made my people hear my words then they would have turned from their evil way, and from the evil of their practices. | 3e | 4C | 7 26 | |
| הַאֱלֹהֵ֧י מִקָּרֹ֛ב אָ֖נִי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֖י מֵרָחֹֽק | 23 | A God of close combat am I? an oracle of Yahweh, and not a God at a distance? | 3c | 4A | 13 8 | |
| אִם־יִסָּתֵ֨ר אִ֧ישׁ בַּמִּסְתָּרִ֛ים וַאֲנִ֥י לֹֽא־אֶרְאֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֨וֹא אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֧יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲנִ֥י מָלֵ֖א נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 24 | Can anyone be hidden in hidden places and I, I will not see it? An oracle of Yahweh. Do I not fill the heavens and the earth? An oracle of Yahweh. | 3c | 4A | 20 19 | |
| שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־אָֽמְרוּ֙ הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הַֽנִּבְּאִ֥ים בִּשְׁמִ֛י שֶׁ֖קֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר חָלַ֖מְתִּי חָלָֽמְתִּי | 25 | I have heard what the prophets say, prophesying in my name falsehood, saying, I have dreamed, I have dreamed. | 3d | 4C | 20 6 | |
| עַד־מָתַ֗י הֲיֵ֛שׁ בְּלֵ֥ב הַנְּבִאִ֖ים נִבְּאֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּנְבִיאֵ֖י תַּרְמִ֥ת לִבָּֽם | 26 | How long will this be in the heart of the prophets prophesying falsehood? prophets of the deceit of their own heart, | 3d | 4B | 15 7 | |
| הַחֹשְׁבִ֗ים לְהַשְׁכִּ֤יחַ אֶת־עַמִּי֙ שְׁמִ֔י בַּחֲל֣וֹמֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְסַפְּר֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁכְח֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י בַּבָּֽעַל | 27 | That plot to make my people forget my name by their dreams that they recount, each to its associate, as their ancestors forgot my name in Baal. | 3c | 4C | 27 14 | |
| הַנָּבִ֞יא אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ חֲלוֹם֙ יְסַפֵּ֣ר חֲל֔וֹם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר דְּבָרִי֙ אִתּ֔וֹ יְדַבֵּ֥ר דְּבָרִ֖י אֱמֶ֑ת מַה־לַתֶּ֥בֶן אֶת־הַבָּ֖ר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 28 | The prophet that has a dream, let it recount a dream, and who has my words will speak words of truth. What is straw with the corn? An oracle of Yahweh. | 3e | 4C | 30 11 | |
| הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֧ה דְבָרִ֛י כָּאֵ֖שׁ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּכְפַטִּ֖ישׁ יְפֹ֥צֵֽץ סָֽלַע | 29 | Is it not so? My words are as fire, an oracle of Yahweh, and like a forge-hammer that propels a craggy rock. | 3c | 4A | 12 8 | |
| לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִ֥י עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מְגַנְּבֵ֣י דְבָרַ֔י אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ | 30 | So note me well concerning the prophets, an oracle of Yahweh, stealing my words, each from its associate. | 3d | 4B | 12 12 | |
| הִנְנִ֥י עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הַלֹּקְחִ֣ים לְשׁוֹנָ֔ם וַֽיִּנְאֲמ֖וּ נְאֻֽם | 31 | Note me well concerning the prophets, an oracle of Yahweh, that take their tongues, and oracle an oracle. | 3e | 4B | 10 12 | |
| הִ֠נְנִי עַֽל־נִבְּאֵ֞י חֲלֹמ֥וֹת שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיְסַפְּרוּם֙ וַיַּתְע֣וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י בְּשִׁקְרֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְפַחֲזוּתָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֨י לֹֽא־שְׁלַחְתִּ֜ים וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֗ים וְהוֹעֵ֛יל לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֥ילוּ לָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 32 | ~ | Note me well concerning those who prophesy false dreams, an oracle of Yahweh, and recount them, and make my people wander by their falsehood and by their bragging, and I have neither sent them nor commanded them, and they are no of use to this people, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3d | 4B | 32 27 |
| וְכִי־יִשְׁאָלְךָ֩ הָעָ֨ם הַזֶּ֜ה אֽוֹ־הַנָּבִ֤יא אֽוֹ־כֹהֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־מַשָּׂ֖א יְהוָ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־מַה־מַשָּׂ֔א וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה | 33 | And if this people will ask you, or the prophet, or priest, saying, What is the load of Yahweh? Then say to them, What load? And I will abandon you, an oracle of Yahweh. | 3e | 4C | 21 21 | |
| וְהַנָּבִ֤יא וְהַכֹּהֵן֙ וְהָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֖ר מַשָּׂ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּפָקַדְתִּ֛י עַל־הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא וְעַל־בֵּיתֽוֹ | 34 | And the prophet or the priest or the people that says, The load of Yahweh, I will visit this person and its house. | 3d | 4C | 19 13 | |
| כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ עַל־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו מֶה־עָנָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה וּמַה־דִּבֶּ֖ר יְהוָֽה | 35 | f | Thus you will say, each to its associate, and each to its kin, What has answered Yahweh? and, What did Yahweh speak? | 3d | 4B | 13 11 |
| וּמַשָּׂ֥א יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א תִזְכְּרוּ־ע֑וֹד כִּ֣י הַמַּשָּׂ֗א יִֽהְיֶה֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ דְּבָר֔וֹ וַהֲפַכְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַיִּ֔ים יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ | 36 | But the load of Yahweh, you will not remember any more. For the load will be for each, its word, for you have overturned the words of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God. | 3e | 4B | 10 32 | |
| כֹּ֥ה תֹאמַ֖ר אֶל־הַנָּבִ֑יא מֶה־עָנָ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה וּמַה־דִּבֶּ֖ר יְהוָֽה | 37 | f | Thus you say to the prophet, What has Yahweh answered you? and, What did Yahweh speak? | 3e | 4B | 7 11 |
| וְאִם־מַשָּׂ֣א יְהוָה֮ תֹּאמֵרוּ֒ לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה יַ֧עַן אֲמָרְכֶ֛ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה מַשָּׂ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאמְר֖וּ מַשָּׂ֥א יְהוָֽה | 38 | But if The load of Yahweh, you will say, therefore thus says Yahweh, Because you say this word, The load of Yahweh, and I sent to you, saying, You will not say, The load of Yahweh. | 3c | 4C | 31 15 | |
| לָכֵ֣ן הִנְנִ֔י וְנָשִׁ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם נָשֹׁ֑א וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם וְאֶת־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧תִּי לָכֶ֛ם וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל פָּנָֽי | 39 | So note me well, I will be oblivious with you, alluringly, and I will abandon you and that city I have given to you and to your ancestors, from my presence. | 3c | 4B | 12 27 | |
| וְנָתַתִּ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם חֶרְפַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּכְלִמּ֣וּת עוֹלָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ | 40 | And I will give against you an everlasting reproach, and everlasting humiliation that will not be forgotten. | 3e | 4B | 11 12 |
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